What are the conditions or requirements for special-grade teachers?

The system of special-grade teachers was established in 1978 according to the opinions of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. 1April 22, 978, Deng Xiaoping clearly pointed out that "appropriate measures should be taken to encourage people to engage in lifelong education." . Particularly outstanding teachers can be designated as special-grade teachers. "Before the meeting, Comrade Xiaoping has taken Jingshan School as a pilot, and personally designated the three teachers selected and declared by the school as special-grade teachers. This is the first and earliest special-grade teacher in China. According to Comrade Deng Xiaoping's speech, 1978 10, the Ministry of Education and the State Planning Commission formulated and issued the Interim Provisions on the Selection of Special-grade Teachers, and issued a notice on1February 7 to start the nationwide selection of special-grade teachers. The document stipulates: "The selection of special-grade teachers should adhere to the principle of strict control and seeking truth from facts, and be carefully selected in strict accordance with the selection conditions. All localities and schools will select teachers who meet the selection conditions, otherwise they will not be selected. In the first selection, the selection of big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin was tentatively controlled within five ten thousandths, and other places were lower than this ratio. " "Before the implementation of the national wage reform, the selected special-grade teachers will be subsidized temporarily: the special-grade teachers in primary schools will subsidize 20 yuan every month, and the special-grade teachers in middle schools will subsidize 30 yuan every month. "

1In June, 1993, the former State Education Commission, Ministry of Personnel and Ministry of Finance revised the Interim Provisions on the Selection of Special Grade Teachers into the Provisions on the Selection of Special Grade Teachers to meet the needs of improving the quality of primary and secondary school teachers and the construction of backbone teachers, further clarifying the conditions of special grade teachers, increasing the number of selected teachers, increasing the allowance for special grade teachers, and changing it to a monthly 80 yuan for each person, who will continue to enjoy it after retirement.

/kloc-in the past three years, great changes have taken place in the wages of the whole society and teachers, but the allowance of 80 yuan, a special-grade teacher, has not changed. 80 yuan's allowance has changed from about 1/3 of the original teacher's salary to about 1/30, which only accounts for about 1/60 of the teacher's salary in some developed areas, so many people call it "fall in price", and special-grade teachers are no longer so admired and sought after.

However, the situation in the whole country is different. Although the provisions of the national allowance for special-grade teachers have not changed, some local governments have improved the treatment of local special-grade teachers in order to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. For example, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province stipulates that special-grade teachers can enjoy the allowance of 80 yuan per person per month, and increase the post allowance of in-service special-grade teachers in 300 yuan every month; Ningbo, Zhejiang Province increased 800 yuan on the basis of 80 yuan's state allowance; Handan City, Hebei Province will increase the allowance for special teachers to 600 yuan per month; Tianjin Dongli District was raised to the monthly 800 yuan bonus; Hongshan District, Hubei Province increased to 1000 yuan per month; Jiangsu Nanjing increased to 1200 yuan per month; Karamay, Xinjiang, raised to 2000 yuan per month; Qingpu District will increase to 1.500 yuan per month; Jiading District of Shanghai is raised to 20,000 yuan per person per year; Zhenhai district in Ningbo will be raised to 40,000 yuan per person per year. The special teachers in these places are very enviable. However, this is only the behavior of some local governments below the provincial level. Most parts of the country are still implementing the monthly 80 yuan standard stipulated by the state before 12, and are waiting for the state to improve the standard during the implementation. For example, in 2004, the Guangdong Provincial Personnel Department replied to the suggestion of the provincial people's congress, saying that it was really necessary to adjust the allowance standard for special-grade teachers accordingly when the treatment of teachers was generally improved, but due to conservative thinking, it is still waiting for the state to raise the standard.

In fact, the system of special-grade teachers was flawed at the beginning of its establishment. "Super Teacher" is a senior professional title specially established by the state to commend outstanding primary and secondary school teachers. 1978 stipulated: "Before the implementation of the national wage reform, temporary subsidies will be given to the transferred special-grade teachers", which was only an equity plan at that time. The implication is that after the salary of national teachers is changed to professional titles, they should be treated as professional titles. However, in the revised document of 1993, in view of the salary system for professional titles that has been implemented for seven years, the "special-grade teacher" is not changed into a professional title, but continues to be defined as a special "professional title"-a professional title that enjoys professional allowances. But the allowance is fixed and does not increase with the increase of salary. Therefore, although many provinces stipulate that special-grade teachers enjoy positive and advanced treatment in medical care, this is only a form, and the salary of special-grade teachers is far from reaching positive and advanced.

1987 when the titles of primary and secondary schools in China were first evaluated, the quality of primary and secondary school teachers was still relatively low, and most in-service teachers were unqualified in academic qualifications and their professional level was not high. Therefore, when designing the post level of teachers, senior middle school teachers (deputy senior) are the highest in middle schools and senior primary school teachers (intermediate) are the highest in primary schools. Excellent senior primary school teachers can be rated as high school teachers, and the number is very small. In order to be different from high school teachers, all localities have formulated some common names they understand: "Xiao Gao" and "Xiao Zhong Gao", which are neither fish nor fowl. This time, the compulsory education law was revised, and the duties of teachers in the compulsory education stage were changed to "primary, intermediate and senior positions". The "senior position" here is still set as a deputy senior position, which has not changed the current situation that there are no senior positions in primary and secondary schools.

In fact, the quality of primary and secondary school teachers has undergone earth-shaking changes in the 20 years since the first evaluation and appointment of teachers' professional titles after the reform and opening up. According to China Education News, by 2005, the qualified rate of full-time teachers in primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools in China reached 98.62%, 95.24% and 83.46% respectively, and the proportion of teachers with higher academic qualifications increased year by year. The proportion of full-time teachers in ordinary primary schools with college education or above is 56.35%, that in ordinary junior high schools with bachelor education or above is 35.3 1%, and that in ordinary senior high schools with graduate education is 1. 18%. These rates are national data. In many developed regions and cities, teachers' academic qualifications are much higher, and many primary and secondary school teachers already have master's degrees or even doctoral degrees. A middle school in Beijing recruited teachers, but more than 20 masters and 3 doctors participated in the competition. This phenomenon also happened in primary schools. At present, the proportion of junior high school and senior high school has reached 6.56% and 19.29%. This is a huge senior professional and technical team in China, and there should be more than 500,000 senior teachers in primary and secondary schools. Due to the improvement of academic qualifications and other qualities, many teachers were rated as deputy senior at the age of 40, and some even were rated as deputy senior in their thirties. Some doctors who teach in primary schools can be rated as deputy senior before the age of 30. However, because there are no full-time and senior teachers in primary and secondary schools, these people cannot be promoted after retirement. In other words, more than 500,000 senior primary and secondary school teachers in China have no new goals, and some senior middle school teachers have been muddling along since they were around 40 years old. This is because there are institutional defects in the post design of primary and secondary school teachers, which is not only conducive to the professional growth of many deputy senior middle school teachers, but also to the retention of high-level professionals in primary and secondary schools and to the cultivation of expert primary and secondary school teachers.

According to the newspaper, ordinary university graduates from Ningbo, Chongqing and Nanjing before 2003 can be evaluated as senior teachers after working for 10 years. Senior teachers in their early thirties abound. After retiring for more than 20 years, they lost their "enterprising goal" and began to select "professor-level" high school teachers. Although the number is small and the conditions are harsh, they have mobilized the enthusiasm of a large number of primary and secondary school teachers. However, this local system has broken through the Ministry of Education and has not been popularized throughout the country. In fact, in the first professional title reform, engineering technology and agricultural technology promotion did not design full and senior positions, but in recent years, these majors began to evaluate and hire full and senior positions one after another. From this point of view, the Ministry of Education is a bit conservative and has not followed the requirements of keeping pace with the times.

In order to develop national education, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Personnel should show the courage to keep pace with the times, conform to the requirements of improving teachers' quality and educational development, and set up full and senior posts in primary and secondary schools. As for how to determine the name, the author thinks that the simplest way is to change the "special teacher" from "professional senior title" to full-time professional and technical position. This not only solves the problem that many deputy senior teachers do not pursue their goals, but also solves the problem that the allowance for special-grade teachers does not keep pace with the times. It also solves the problem that the title of "professor-level senior middle school teacher" is not standardized in some places, and it is also conducive to promoting educational equity and building a team of experts in primary and secondary schools nationwide.