What are the sources of chemical hazards in food?

What are the sources of chemical hazards in food? The main sources of chemical hazards are:

1. Natural toxins: including tetrodotoxin, histamine, ciguatoxin, cyanosides, gossypol, etc.

2. Pesticide residues:

Include organochlorine pesticides,

Organophosphorus pesticides,

Carbamate insecticide,

Pyrethroid insecticide,

Carbendazim bactericide and pesticide residues such as organic mercury and organoarsenic fungicide;

3. Veterinary drug residues: including the residues of antibiotics, sulfonamides, furans and other drugs;

4. Metals: including cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic and zinc exceeding the standard;

5. Abuse of food additives: including excessive and out-of-range use of various food additives;

6. Food packaging materials, containers and equipment: including the dangers brought by plastic, rubber, paint, ceramics, enamel and other materials.

Harm;

7. Radioactive pollution in food: including the hazards caused by various radioactive isotopes polluting food raw materials;

8. Others: including N- nitroso compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds and PCBs.

What are the sources of fluoride and what are its hazards to human body? The sources of fluoride are usually:

Fluorite CaF2

Fluorapatite Ca 10(PO4)6F2

Cryolite Na3AlF6

If the human body is short of fluoride, it is easy to produce dental caries;

Too much fluoride in human body is easy to suffer from skeletal fluorosis, which leads to bone marrow malformation.

What are the sources of lead in food? 1) industrial waste (waste gas, waste water, waste) pollutes crops.

Lead in food is mainly the result of adsorption of lead in air, water and soil. The roots of plants are not easy to absorb lead, mainly because the leaves absorb lead from the air. Leaf vegetables > root vegetables, fruits and vegetables.

2) Lead is dissolved from food containers and packaging materials, which pollutes food.

Lead-containing printing pigments and inks for tinplate, ceramics, enamels, tin cans and food packaging.

3) Use lead-containing pesticides, food additives or processing AIDS.

What are the four major sources of food poisoning? 1, the food itself, such as exceeding the shelf life, potato germination, etc. 2. Food raw materials grown under soil and water pollution. 3, artificial spraying pesticides (insect) and excessive food additives. 4. Improper storage and transportation.

1. Toxins in food itself

2. Contrary to people who eat food (allergies, blood components)

3. Contrary to eating different foods.

4. The food is polluted

What are the sources of food pollution? 1. Biological pollution includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and their toxins, parasites and their eggs and insects. 2. Chemical pollution mainly comes from agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers; Industrial "three wastes"; Abuse of food additives; Using containers and packaging materials that do not meet the hygiene requirements; The production process and equipment do not meet the hygiene requirements. 3. Radioactive pollutants can be direct or secondary pollutants of food.

What are the sources of sugar food?

Cereals, potatoes and miscellaneous beans are the main sources of sugar in the diet. Cereals generally contain 60%-80% of cereals, 0/5%-29% of potatoes/kloc, and 40%-60% of miscellaneous beans. These three foods account for a large proportion in the traditional diet structure of our country.

Other plant foods also contain a certain amount of sugar, such as hard fruits, fruits and vegetables, but the content varies greatly. For example, the sugar content of fruit 10%-20%, and dried fruit can reach 50%-70%.

What are the sources of managers? The source of managers in an organization: generally there are two ways: "external recruitment" and "internal promotion".

External recruitment is to select qualified managers from many candidates outside the organization according to the recruitment standards and procedures of the organization.

Advantages:

1. The employed personnel have no bad hobbies in the organization and have external advantages;

2. It helps to calm the tension caused by competition within the organization;

3. Inject fresh blood into the tissue.

Limitations:

1. External employees are unfamiliar with the internal situation of the organization and need some time to adapt;

2. The organization can't deeply understand the candidate's situation;

3. External employees are likely to dampen the enthusiasm of internal employees.

Internal promotion refers to the promotion of people who meet the requirements of vacant positions from members of the organization and let them take on bigger positions.

Advantages;

1, which is conducive to boosting morale and improving work enthusiasm;

2. It is conducive to attracting external talents to join;

3. It is conducive to ensuring the correctness of recruitment.

Disadvantages:

1, causing dissatisfaction among colleagues and aggravating tension;

2, may cause the phenomenon of "inbreeding".

What are the sources of solid waste? What is its pollution route? Under certain conditions, solid waste will undergo chemical, physical or biological transformation, which will have a certain impact on the surrounding environment. If it is not handled properly, harmful substances will endanger the environment and human health through water, air, soil and food chain. Chemical components contained in general industrial, mining and other wastes will cause environmental pollution. Human and animal manure and organic garbage are evil places and breeding grounds for various pathogenic microorganisms, causing pathogenic pollution. There are generally the following ways for solid waste to pollute the environment:

1) Polluted water bodies: Many countries directly dump solid wastes into rivers, lakes and oceans, and even use ocean dumping as a disposal method. After solid waste enters the water body, it not only reduces the area of rivers and lakes, but also affects the survival of aquatic organisms and the utilization of water resources. Waste dumped in the ocean will cause biological death zones in some sea areas.

2) Air pollution: Fine particles and powder in solid ash are exposed to wind and sun to produce dust, which pollutes the surrounding atmospheric environment. The fly ash and tailings storage yard can peel off 1 ~ 4 1.5 cm under the action of wind force above level 4, the flying height of dust reaches 20 ~ 50m, and the average visual range is reduced by 30 ~ 70% in windy season. The harmful substances in solid waste will spontaneously ignite after long-term stacking, releasing a lot of harmful gases. Coal gangue piled up for a long time will spontaneously ignite when the sulfur content reaches 1.5%, and will catch fire when it reaches more than 3%, releasing a lot of sulfur dioxide. Many kinds of solid wastes will emit toxic gases and odors themselves or during incineration, which will worsen the environment.

3) Soil pollution: harmful components contained in solid waste piles or landfills will change soil quality and soil structure, affect the activities of microorganisms in soil, hinder the root growth of surrounding plants, or accumulate in surrounding organisms, endangering the food chain. All kinds of solid wastes are piled up in the open air. After being exposed to the sun and rain, harmful components seep into the ground and pollute the soil. Each pile 1 10,000 tons of slag needs to occupy more than 1 mu, and the area of polluted land is often 1 ~ 2 times that of slag. According to incomplete statistics, China has accumulated 5.3 billion tons of slag over the years, covering 840,000 mu (250,000 mu of polluted farmland). Discarding municipal solid waste in suburbs will increase soil alkalinity and enrich heavy metals. Excessive application will destroy the soil quality and soil structure.

4) Impact on environmental sanitation: At present, not only more than 90% of the feces and garbage in China have not been treated harmlessly, but also the feces and garbage in hospitals and infectious disease hospitals are mixed with ordinary feces and garbage, which widely spread hepatitis, enteritis, dysentery and various worms (parasitic diseases) and become serious environmental pollution sources. In addition, most of the garbage in China is furnace ash and dirty soil, which is used for composting, which not only has low fertilizer efficiency, but also makes the soil harden and reduces the yield of vegetable crops.

5) Improper disposal: According to rough statistics, the utilization rate of mineral resources in China is only 50-60%, and the energy utilization rate is only 30%, which not only wastes a lot of resources and energy, but also pollutes the environment. In addition, many wastes that can be utilized in the prior art are not utilized, but a lot of manpower and material resources are consumed for treatment, resulting in great waste. At present, more than 40% of steel slag, more than 80% of fly ash and coal gangue are negatively dumped. At present, each steel plant stores steel slag 1 ton, about 3 ~ 5 yuan. Some power plants store 1 ton of fly ash, which needs to be put into the transportation management fee of 6 yuan, 4 yuan, * * * 10 yuan. In addition, the fly ash transported to the ash storage yard needs about 10 ~ 30 tons of water per ton, and the industrial water needs about 1 kWh per ton. In a word, the waste of resources, manpower, material resources and financial resources caused by negative slag piling is amazing.

6) Spill of hazardous solid waste: hazardous solid waste has not been strictly managed and disposed for a long time, and pollution accidents have occurred from time to time. For example, in 1950s, 654.38+10,000 tons of chromium slag was piled up in Jinzhou Ferroalloy Factory. A few years later, it was found that the polluted area reached more than 70 square kilometers, making 1800 wells in this area undrinkable. China has accumulated more than 2 million tons of chromium slag, and almost all urban electroplating plants discharge a large amount of chromium sludge. These chromium residues and sludge will leach highly toxic hexavalent chromium when exposed to water, polluting the environment. About 5000 tons of arsenic, 500 tons of cadmium and 50 tons of mercury are lost to the environment every year in China's non-ferrous metal smelting enterprises. In 1960s, arsenic-containing dust discharged from a smelter of a mine was piled up in the open air for a long time, which infiltrated into rainwater and polluted well water, resulting in 308 people being poisoned and 6 people being killed. At present, many factories and enterprises have not taken effective measures to treat and dispose of solid waste, while township enterprises are developing rapidly. If hazardous wastes are allowed to flood for a long time, the soil and groundwater in China will be generally polluted in a few years or decades.