The Battle Process of Tianjin Anti-Japanese War

1in the early morning of July 8th, 937, the China army stationed in Lugouqiao responded to the Japanese artillery fire, which opened the curtain of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. However, on July 29th, the Japanese army launched the Tianjin Anti-Japanese War, which was the first large-scale active attack on China since the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War.

After the Lugouqiao Incident, the situation in Tianjin has been very critical. This is the seat of the North China Military Command of Japan. Usually, there is a Japanese infantry and artillery wing, a chariot squadron, cavalry and engineers, and most of the air force stationed in Tianjin. Since the incident broke out, the Japanese army has accelerated the preparations for the capture of Tianjin.

First of all, the Japanese army controlled the land and sea traffic in Tianjin. Tanggu coastal wharf is completely occupied, and the Ministry of Transport is located in Tanggu, with about 1000 Japanese troops stationed in Tanggu. The Japanese army in Tanggu built a military dock on the north shore, ready to confront the 38th Division of Dagu garrison across the river. Outside Dagukou, on the 27th, a destroyer arrived in Japan, and Ju, Kui and 25 merchant ships arrived in Japan to transport munitions. Tianjin Railway East Station and the main station (i.e. North Station) were also occupied by Japanese troops. The Japanese troops stationed in Tianjin to repair the light rail, and construction started on the morning of 26th. The line runs from Linfeng Village of East Station to Dongjuzi Military Camp, with a total length of about 20 miles.

Secondly, the Japanese army sent a large number of troops to Tianjin. Besides cannons, there are a large number of planes flying to Tianjin. As of the 27th, there were more than 60 Tianjin * * * aircraft. At 4 o'clock on the 28th, Lieutenant General Tokugawa Yoshitoshi, head of the Japanese "Temporary Air Corps", led 100 planes to arrive at Juzi Airport in Dongjin.

The Japanese army also carried out tactical exercises to occupy Tianjin day and night. From the 25th, it developed into an exercise of street fighting. On the 27th, the Japanese concession imposed martial law, and the war was on the verge. On the morning of 28th, the news that the Japanese army attacked Beiping on a large scale and Song announced "defending the land" on the night of 27th reached Tianjin, but the defenders in Tianjin did not have the order to attack. Do you obey orders to "defeat the enemy without fighting" and wait for a beating, or take the initiative to attack and destroy the enemy? A serious problem that must be solved immediately is in front of the defenders in Tianjin, China.

The China Garrison stationed in Tientsin at that time was the 38th Division of 29 army. At this time, Zhang Zizhong, the teacher, was in Beiping, and Li Wentian, the deputy teacher, was the police chief of Tianjin. At that time, Tianjin had only one pistol regiment of the 38th Division, two regiments of the 26th Brigade (affiliated to the 38th Division) and three armed police squadrons, with a total of about 5,000 people. Because the Japanese army in Tianjin reinforced a unit in Peiping, slightly more than the Japanese army in number, but it lagged behind the Japanese army in weapons, equipment and training. However, the vast number of officers and men have long been dissatisfied with the passive resistance policy of the authorities, and the anti-Japanese sentiment is very high, and they have volunteered to kill the enemy.

At the request of the officers and men, Li Wentian and others were determined to take the initiative to attack the Japanese. On the evening of July 28th, Li called an emergency meeting of Huang Weigang, Liu Jiayu and other leaders of various brigades, regiments, security teams and guard teams to study and deploy War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Tianjin and Hebei. The meeting decided to launch an all-out attack on the Japanese army before the first enemy at 2 am on the 29th. The main operational objectives are: to capture Tianjin East Station and the main station; Attacking Dongjuzi Airport; Attacked the Japanese barracks and the Japanese concession in Guang Hai Temple. In order to unify the command, the "Temporary General Command of Tianjin Army" was established, with Li Wentian as the commander in chief and Liu Jiayu as the deputy commander in chief, and immediately sent an anti-Japanese telegram to the Kuomintang military and political leaders, saying that "I will fight against Japan without hesitation for the survival of Tianjin and wyndell dichinson" and hoped to "give assistance quickly and eliminate * * *".

After the fighting started, China's army fought bravely to kill the enemy, and it began to progress quite smoothly. Under the command of Qi Guangyuan, the 678th regiment of the 26th Brigade and the security team suddenly moved from Balitai to Liulitai at 2 am and swooped down on Guang Hai Temple. The Japanese set up cannons on the road to stop our army. Under the heavy artillery fire, China officers and men charged several times, hitting the periphery of the Japanese barracks at dawn and occupying the east parking lot. The Japanese army had to retreat to the barracks with high walls and solid bases. In order to alleviate the plight, the Japanese Air Force sent nine planes to strafe China's army at 5 am. The Japanese infantry also took the opportunity to fight back, and our army resolutely fought back, and the battle was extremely fierce.

The second squadron of the guard of the 26 th Brigade, which attacked Dongjuzi Airport, approached the airport in the dark, destroyed the enemy sentry post and rushed into the apron. The Japanese army hurriedly resisted, and the soldiers waved broadswords and launched hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. At the same time, some soldiers spilled gasoline on enemy planes and lit them, and more than a dozen planes were reimbursed in the sea of fire. It was not until dawn that Japanese reinforcements arrived and used planes to help fight, and China's army withdrew from the battle.

The task of attacking the East Station is undertaken by the security team. Under the leadership of Ning Dianwu, the security team surrounded the East Railway Station from the northern part of the Italian Concession in the Second Special Zone and launched an attack at 2 o'clock. More than 400 Japanese defenders and air force fought to the death. In order to prevent the Japanese army from occupying a favorable position, the Japanese army burned down the building in front of the station. Under the cover of artillery fire, the China army quickly occupied the second platform leading to Shanhaiguan, and then attacked the first platform held by the Japanese army. By dawn, under the fierce attack of our army, the Japanese army had to give up the station and retreat to a warehouse.

Because the French Concession refused the passage of the Japanese army, the Japanese army could not reinforce the East Station, and communication was completely cut off. Therefore, the Japanese command is very worried about the danger of the collapse of the East Station troops. China's army, under the command of Zhu Chunfang, the brigade commander of the 26th Brigade, bombarded the terminal of Beining Road (now Tianjin North Station) with artillery pre-arranged in Beining Park. After the artillery, the infantry attacked, and after the dock was recovered, the China army attacked the Japanese-occupied Beining Railway General Administration. The Japanese army, accustomed to covering up the defeat, also had to admit in the telegram to its boss: "All the clerks of the general railway administration in Beining were blown away, and the 38 th Division was completely occupied."

The battle against the Japanese concession was particularly cruel. From 2 a.m. to 4: 55 a.m., after repeated struggles, the Japanese army invaded the Japanese Concession from three directions: Yamato Street (now Xing 'an Road), Xu Jie Street (now Heping Road) and Fukushima Street (now Duolun Road) and surrounded the Japanese garrison. The Japanese army pushed the police officers to the front and fought back with strong fortifications. Under the attack of China's army, the Japanese army was in a state of crisis, and martial law was imposed in the concession. After the fall of the Concession, Japanese expatriates organized a "volunteer team" to prepare for the battle.

The sudden attack of China's army completely disrupted Japan's military deployment, and the Japanese army fought in panic, which was extremely unfavorable. In a telegram to Morishima, Counselor of the Japanese Embassy in Beiping, Horuchi Gancheng, Consul General of Japan in Tianjin, exclaimed: "Since about 2 noon on the 29th, we have been in a very dangerous and fearful state due to the attack from China." . In order to save the defeat, the Japanese army decided to deploy the Japanese army in Beiping and the Kwantung Army to reinforce Tianjin and carry out aerial bombing of Tianjin. Its main targets are: 1, Beining Road main station and security headquarters north of Beining Park; 2. Municipal government; 3. The police headquarters on the west side of Jintang Bridge; 4. Connecting the telephone office of Dahe Street at the northern end of the Japanese concession; 5. East Station to the periphery of Wanguoqiao (now jiefang bridge) General Post Office; 6. Nankai University.

At 2: 30 in the afternoon, dozens of Japanese planes bombed the above places indiscriminately, and the planes collapsed and the flames soared. China's army without air defense weapons suffered heavy casualties under the Japanese bombing, so it had to retreat temporarily, and some strongholds and key departments were lost. Japanese planes brutally bombed and slaughtered peaceful residents. According to the morning post at that time, "Dongzong No.2 Station was completely bombed by Japanese planes and strafed by flying Chinese circles, causing numerous casualties among residents." Japanese planes bombed Hebei area and caught fire in several places, which has not been put out yet. The machines of the second, fifth and sixth telephone games were completely destroyed, and the losses were extremely heavy. Nankai University was particularly damaged, and Xiushantang, Qin Zhi Building and Muzhai Library were also partially bombed.

By the afternoon of the 29th, China's army had experienced a bloody anti-Japanese war of 10 for more than hours and was heavily bombed by Japanese planes. The troops suffered great losses. Due to the war with the Japanese army in Dagu and other places, Huang Weigang's brigade, which was originally scheduled as the general reserve, failed to reinforce as planned, while the Japanese army in Peiping continued to flow, and the China army, which was fighting alone, began to retreat.

After the fighting started, Song called the Minister of Military and Political Affairs He on the morning of 29th to report the progress of the fighting and ask for reinforcements again. The cable said: "There is only one brigade of our troops stationed in Tianjin, and other troops are also in contact with the enemy. Now they are playing hard, and it is difficult to persist for a long time. It is proposed to ask the central government to send reinforcements quickly. " But as soon as the telegram was sent, it sank like a stone and there was no reply.

The defenders in Tianjin were unable to stand on their own feet, and the Central Army refused to go north for reinforcements, while Japanese reinforcements arrived in Tianjin one after another. In order to command all reinforcements in a unified way, the Japanese army set up the "Tianjin Temporary Defense Command" with Major General Takagi Yide as the commander, which has jurisdiction over the detachment of Takagi Yide of the Japanese army in Peiping, the Bujiagui detachment of the Kwantung Army levee, the Second Brigade and the former Tianjin Japanese army. In order to encircle the Japanese army, the Japanese army built a pontoon bridge on the Haihe River between the Japanese concession and the Italian concession. China's army is under attack from all sides and is in danger of being wiped out. In order to save the anti-Japanese forces, the troops had to retreat reluctantly on the evening of the 29th. "On the orders of Song (), most of them began to retreat from the fried rice shop, and a few were still fighting." Tianjin people sent away the heroic anti-Japanese athletes with tears.

On July 30th, Tianjin fell. However, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is not over. The troops who withdrew from the city moved to Jinghai and Racecourse to wage guerrilla warfare with the Japanese army. The troops left in the city are still fighting the Japanese in the streets and lanes. According to the newspaper: "On the morning of the 30th 1, gunshots rang again in Tianjin. According to the survey, the locations are Guang Hai Temple and East Station. First the Japanese fired, then the heavy artillery and machine guns. Our security team responded immediately, and the two sides were still deadlocked. " In addition, sporadic fighting continued in the city, forcing the Japanese army to fully carry out the so-called "sweeping" in the city. On August 1 day, the Japanese army announced that the "mopping-up" had been "basically ended", but admitted that "some security teams have not been eliminated."

The vigorous Tianjin Anti-Japanese War failed, but the vast number of officers and men in our country showed great national integrity and ardent patriotism with their lives and blood in this anti-Japanese War. At that time, the newspaper reported: "The security team and all the troops under our jurisdiction have suffered great changes for a long time and endured the oppression of the Japanese side for a long time. Once they participated in the battle to defend the country, they all took the lead and devoted themselves enthusiastically. " For example, the five soldiers who attacked the Seventh Factory of the University of Technology (now Tianjin Printing and Dyeing Factory) did not leave the battlefield after the evacuation order was issued, but boarded the water tower in the factory to fight the enemy to the end, and finally all died heroically.

This war of resistance also received the full support of Tianjin people. During the battle, the citizens sent tea, rice and watermelon to the troops, and also organized public and private cars to transport ammunition to the front. Some shops also unloaded the shops and transported them to the front line as fortifications. In particular, the student organizations led by our party, based in Nankai University, carried out propaganda and agitation, rescued the wounded and delivered ammunition, which strongly supported the battle. Therefore, Nankai University was regarded by the Japanese army as "the center of the garrison and China army attacking the Japanese army".