When the European Union was founded.

The EU was founded in 1993, 165438+ 1 year1October, and the EU Maastricht Summit adopted the EU Treaty, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty.

I. Overview of the establishment of the European Union:

1, 1 993165438+1October1,the Maastricht Treaty came into effect and the European Union was formally born.

2. 199 1 12,10 The European Maastricht Summit adopted the Treaty of the European Union (commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty, for short).

3.1On February 7, 1992, the Maastricht Treaty was signed, and the Council, Committee and Parliament were established one after another, gradually changing from developing regional economy to developing regional political and economic integration. 4. 1 993165438+1October1,the Maastricht Treaty came into effect, the EU was formally established, and the three major European entities merged into the EU, marking the transformation of Europe from an economic entity to an economic and political entity, and at the same time formulating the same foreign and security policies.

Second, the European Union has implemented a series of policies and measures:

1, realize customs union and foreign trade policy.

From 1967, the European Union began to implement a unified tariff rate, and from 1 July 9681,commodity tariffs and quotas among member States were abolished, and a customs union was established (after Spain and Portugal joined 1986, after a transition period of 10 years, they could not be completely abolished with other member States. From 65438 to 0973, the European Union realized a unified foreign trade policy. After the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, in order to further establish the EU single market trading system, European foreign ministers unanimously agreed on February 8 1994 to cancel more than 6,400 import quotas previously implemented by various countries and replace them with some measures aimed at protecting low-tech industries.

2. Implement the policy of benefiting farmers.

In July 1962 and 1, the EU began to implement the * * * agricultural policy. The unified price of agricultural products1968 was implemented in August; 1969 cancel internal tariffs on agricultural products; Starting from 197 1, the monetary subsidy system will be implemented for agricultural products trade.

3. Establish a political cooperation system.

Established in June 1970. The single European document was signed in 1986 and came into effect in 1987, which formally incorporated political cooperation in the diplomatic field into the European treaty. To this end, the Council of Ministers has set up a Secretariat for Political Cooperation, which regularly holds political cooperation meetings attended by foreign ministers of member States to discuss and decide the EU's position on various international affairs. After the entry into force of the 1 993165438+1October1Maastricht Treaty, the political cooperation system has been included in the activities of the European political union.

4. Basically establish a unified internal market.

1In June, 1985, the EU summit adopted a white paper on the establishment of an internal unified big market.1In February, 1986, all member States formally signed a single European document amending the Treaty of Rome to establish a big market. The goal of unifying the big market is to gradually eliminate various non-tariff barriers, including physical barriers (customs checkpoints, transit procedures, health and quarantine standards, etc.). ), technical barriers (laws and regulations, technical standards) and financial barriers (differences in taxes and tax rates), so as to realize the free circulation of goods, people, capital and services from 1993 1. To this end, the European Sports Commission issued 282 directives, demanding to achieve the above objectives before April 1990. Up to 1993 12 10, 264 projects have been approved by the board of directors, and 18 projects have yet to be approved. Of the 2 19 laws that have to be translated into the domestic laws of 12 countries before they can take effect in the whole union, 1 15 laws have been incorporated into the domestic laws of 12 countries. On average, 87% of the laws that need to be translated into the domestic laws of member States have been completed. 1 99365438+1October1,Europe announced that its unified market was basically completed and officially put into operation.

5. EU plans to provide 654.38+00 billion euros of corporate loans to promote economic growth in southern Europe.

(1) The cooperation between the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Commission officially started on June 25th, 20 13, and it is planned to form a new loan of 55 billion euros-10 billion euros for enterprises to promote economic growth in southern Europe.

(2) The top EU officials are eager to start the economic growth of Greece, Cyprus, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Slovenia, so that these countries can repay their debts. More than three years ago, it was the high debts of these countries that triggered the euro zone crisis.

(3) The EU hopes that by further providing enterprises with low-cost credit, they will have the confidence to increase recruitment and production, so that the wheel of economic growth will start to turn again, especially those southern European countries that have been trapped by low growth or recession.

The European Commission and EIB hope to use 654.38+000 billion euros of structural funds through the combination of loan guarantee and securitization. This part of the funds comes from the long-term budget of EU 20 14-2020.

(4) The joint report of EIB and the European Commission lists three options of utilizing 654.38+0 billion euros in order to provide more funds for enterprises. EU leaders will choose an option for further study on Thursday.

Legal basis:

Maastricht Treaty

Article 1 * * and the formulation of foreign policy and the adoption of "* * and action" in the most important areas of the EU still need to be unanimously adopted, but the principle of specific majority voting (implementation of * * and action) is also adopted. The Western European Union (WEU), the EU's armed body, "will implement the agreements reached by the EU in defense".

Article 2 European Citizenship The main content of European citizenship is that EU citizens have the right to vote and stand for election in European elections and municipal elections no matter which member country they live in. Recognize the right of any citizen to petition in the European Parliament.

Article 3 The European Parliament shall, by voting, appoint the Executive Committee of the European Community, appoint mediators to receive citizens' complaints, and may set up investigation committees. When differences arise between the European Parliament and the European Council, decisions will be made through mediation procedures.