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Plastic bags

Contents

Plastic bag raw materials

Plastic bag restrictions

Plastic bag hazards

Countries banned

Types of plastic bags

Uses of plastic bags

The most common packaging for daily shopping and the main component of white pollution

Edit this paragraph Plastic bag raw materials

Polyethylene (Polyethylene, PE), referred to as PE. It is a polymer organic compound formed by the addition polymerization of ethylene. Polyethylene is recognized around the world as the best material for food contact. It is non-toxic, tasteless and odorless, and complies with food packaging hygiene standards. Polyethylene film is light and transparent, with properties such as moisture-proof, anti-oxidation, acid-proof, alkali-resistant, average air tightness, and excellent heat sealability. It is known as "plastic flowers". It is the most widely used and most important material for plastic packaging printing.

PVC - polyvinyl chloride

Polyvinyl chloride, referred to as PVC, has a molecular formula of (CH—CH)n. It is the most important type of vinyl polymer and is currently the world’s The second largest plastic variety in the world after polyethylene. Domestic production ranks first among plastics. In the printing industry, polyvinyl chloride color calendered film and transparent glazing film are often used to make the packaging and decoration of covers of books, folders, tickets, etc.

Shrinkfilm--shrink film

Shrinkfilm is a film that is stretched and oriented during the production process. It will be deformed when it is treated with hot air or irradiated with infrared rays during use. Shrunk thermoplastic film. After heat treatment, the film is tightly wrapped on the packaged object, the shrinkage force reaches its maximum value during the cooling stage, and can be stored for a long time.

LDPE - low-density polyethylene

Low-density polyethylene, referred to as LDPE, is the most widely used variety in the plastic packaging and printing industry in various countries. The specific gravity is 0.92~0.93 and can float in water. It has low crystallinity (60%) and bulk polymerization occurs at a pressure of 1000 to 3000kg/C㎡, so it is also called high-pressure polyethylene. At 23 degrees Celsius, the density is around 0.92. It has poor calendering formability and is suitable for processing into tubular films by blow molding. Suitable for food packaging, fiber product packaging, and daily chemical product packaging.

HDPE - high density polyethylene

High density polyethylene, referred to as HDPE. The density is 0.941~0.965g/cubic centimeter. It is formed by low-pressure polymerization, so it is also called low-pressure polyethylene. It is milky white, indicating poor gloss. The film can be processed by blow molding and T-die extrusion. It is resistant to heat and cooking, cold and freezing, has good moisture-proof, gas-proof and insulation properties, is not easy to be damaged, and has twice the strength of LDPE. Very easy to speak. It has strong paper-like properties and is known as "paper-like plastic film".

BOPP--biaxially oriented polypropylene film

Biaxially oriented polypropylene film, also known as biaxially oriented polypropylene film, English abbreviation code BOPP, is characterized by stretch The stretching molecules are oriented, and the mechanical strength, folding strength, air density, and moisture-proof barrier properties are better than ordinary plastic films. Compared with cellophane based on unit area, the unit price is lower than cellophane. Because this kind of film has excellent transparency, the color reproduction after inner printing is particularly bright and beautiful, and it is an important base material for plastic composite flexible packaging.

Identification of the toxicity of plastic bags

Commonly used food plastic bags are mostly made of polyethylene film. The film is non-toxic and can be used to contain food. There is also a film made of polyvinyl chloride. PVC itself is non-toxic, but the additives added according to the purpose of the film are often substances harmful to the human body and have a certain degree of toxicity. Therefore, this type of film and plastic bags made of this film are not suitable for holding food. If you want to identify polyvinyl chloride plastic bags and polyethylene plastic bags, you can use the following simple method to identify them.

Polyethylene film (non-toxic)

The film is milky white and translucent (especially obvious when several layers are stacked). It feels smooth, as if the surface is coated with a wax layer. Shake it hard, the sound will be brittle, it will be flammable when exposed to fire, the flame will be yellow, mucus will drip when burning, and there will be the smell of burning candles.

Polyvinyl chloride film (generally toxic)

If no pigment is added, it will be transparent. The surface will feel sticky to the touch. If shaken hard, the sound will be low. It will not burn easily in case of fire. , it goes out as soon as it is away from the flame, and the flame turns green.

The history of plastic bags: A photographer's experiments in the darkroom led to the creation of the original plastic. Alexander Parks had many hobbies, photography being one of them. In the 19th century, people were not able to buy ready-made photographic film and chemicals like they are today, and had to often make what they needed themselves. So every photographer must also be a chemist.

One of the materials used in photography is "collodion," which is a solution of "cellulose nitrate" in alcohol and ether. It was used to adhere light-sensitive chemicals to glass to create the equivalent of today's photographic film.

In the 1850s, Parks examined different methods of processing collodion. One day, he tried mixing collodion with camphor.

To his surprise, the mixture produced a hard material that was bendable. Parks called the substance "paxine," and it was the earliest plastic.

Parks used "Paxin" to create a variety of items: combs, pens, buttons and jewelry-printed accessories. However, Parks had little business sense and lost money on his business ventures. In the 20th century, people began to discover new uses for plastics. Almost everything in the home can be made from some form of plastic.

It was left to other inventors to continue to develop and profit from Parks's work. John Wesley Hyatt, a printer from New York, saw the opportunity in 1868, when a company that made billiard balls complained about a shortage of ivory. Hayat improved the manufacturing process and gave "Paxin" a new name - "Celluloid" (fake ivory - translator's annotation). He found a ready market from billiard ball manufacturers and was soon making a variety of products out of plastic.

Early plastics caught fire easily, which limited the scope of products made from it. The first plastic that could successfully withstand high temperatures was "Bakerite" (ie, phenol-coated plastic - translator's annotation). Leo Backlund received the patent in 1909.

In 1909, Baekeland in the United States synthesized phenolic plastic for the first time. In the 1930s, nylon was introduced again. It was said to be "a fiber synthesized from coal, air and water, thinner than spider silk, harder than steel, and better than silk." Their emergence laid the foundation for the invention and production of various plastics thereafter. Due to the development of the petrochemical industry during World War II, petroleum replaced coal as the raw material for plastics, and the plastics manufacturing industry also developed rapidly.

Plastic is a very light substance that can be softened by heating at a very low temperature and can be made into various shapes as desired. Plastic products are brightly colored, light in weight, not afraid of falling, economical and durable. Its advent not only brings a lot of convenience to people's lives, but also greatly promotes the development of industry.

However, the invention of plastics was less than 100 years ago. If people were ecstatic about their birth at that time, now they have to deal with these plastics that have filled our lives and brought great harm to the human living environment. Threatening things and painstakingly.

Plastics are chemical petroleum products derived from petroleum or coal and are difficult to degrade naturally once produced. Plastics will not decay and degrade even if they remain underground for 200 years. A large amount of plastic waste buried underground will destroy the permeability of the soil, cause the soil to harden, and affect the growth of plants. If domestic animals accidentally eat plastic mixed into feed or left in the wild, they can also die due to digestive tract obstruction.

At present, China's annual plastic output is 3 million tons, and its consumption is more than 6 million tons. The annual output of plastics in the world is 100 million tons. If calculated based on 15% of the annual plastic waste, the annual plastic waste in the world is 15 million tons. The annual plastic waste in China is more than 1 million tons. The proportion of discarded plastics in the garbage The proportion accounts for 40%. Such a large amount of waste plastics are buried underground as garbage, which will undoubtedly bring greater pressure to the already scarce arable land.

While plastic brings convenience to people's lives, it also brings troubles to the environment that are difficult to deal with. People call the disaster caused by plastic to the environment "oil pollution."

At present, many countries use incineration (thermal energy regeneration) or reprocessing and manufacturing (product regeneration) to recycle waste plastics and achieve the purpose of saving resources. When waste plastics are burned or reprocessed, they will produce gases that are harmful to the human body and pollute the environment. Therefore, it can be said that the treatment of waste plastics is still a major headache in environmental protection work.

Edit this paragraph. Plastic bag restrictions

The General Office of the State Council issued the "Notice on Restricting the Use of Plastic Shopping Bags in Production and Sales", which requires all supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars and other retail venues to implement a paid use system for plastic shopping bags. , plastic shopping bags are not allowed to be provided for free.

In addition, passenger trains, passenger ships, buses, airplanes, stations, airports and tourist attractions are not allowed to provide ultra-thin plastic shopping bags (packaging bags) to passengers and tourists.

Plastic shopping bags must be clearly marked with a price and companies are encouraged to provide free cloth bags

Plastic shopping bags must be clearly marked with a price and separate payment must be made. The notice stipulates that retail establishments are not allowed to provide or use plastic for free. Shopping bags are included in the total price of the product. At the same time, relevant departments will formulate specific management measures for the paid use of plastic shopping bags in retail locations, and gradually form a market environment for the paid use of plastic shopping bags.

The notice encourages the use of plastic shopping bags. Cloth bags, re-carrying vegetable baskets, reusing durable shopping bags, and reducing the use of plastic bags. At the same time, companies should also simplify product packaging and use more green and environmentally friendly packaging bags. The notice also encourages companies and social forces to provide free cloth bags to the public. Reusable shopping bags.

The production and sale of ultra-thin plastic bags will be banned nationwide. From June 1, 2008, a tax policy will be formulated to curb waste plastic pollution. The production and sale of ultra-thin plastic bags will also be banned nationwide. Selling and using plastic shopping bags with a thickness less than 0.025 mm (ultra-thin plastic shopping bags).

Starting from June 1 this year, major shopping malls across the country will implement paid use of plastic bags. Customers must pay for plastic bags to prevent the proliferation of plastic bags.

Environmentally friendly plastic bags

The invention of plastic bags has brought great convenience to human life, but more and more people do not know how to effectively use environmentally friendly bags, which has led to the globalization of plastic bag pollution. We call on everyone to use environmentally friendly plastic bags as much as possible and make their own contribution to making our sky bluer.

Advantages compared with traditional plastic bags:

1. The water dissolution speed can be designed and selected, completely dissolved in water, non-toxic and pollution-free;

2. Strong stretchability and good tension;

3. High transparency and good gloss;

4. High softness and good touch;

5. Good oil and solvent resistance, heat sealable and printable;

6. Low air permeability coefficient, good gas barrier properties;

7. Plastic buckles or self-adhesive can be added Plastic bag;

8. Excellent antistatic performance, no dust absorption, etc.

Edit this paragraph about the dangers of plastic bags

Plastic bags do bring convenience to our lives, but this temporary convenience brings long-term harm.

The recycling value of plastic bags is low. During use, in addition to causing "visual pollution" pollution caused by being scattered in urban streets, tourist areas, water bodies, and on both sides of roads and railways, plastic bags also pose potential hazards. The plastic structure is stable, not easily degraded by natural microbial bacteria, and will not separate in the natural environment for a long time. This means that if waste plastic garbage is not recycled, it will become pollutants in the environment and accumulate permanently, which will cause great harm to the environment.

First, it affects agricultural development. Waste plastic products mixed in the soil continue to accumulate, which will affect the absorption of nutrients and water by crops, resulting in reduced crop yields.

Secondly, it poses a threat to the survival of animals. Waste plastic products abandoned on land or in water are swallowed by animals as food, causing their death. Last year, 20 herdsmen families killed nearly a thousand sheep by Qinghai Lake, causing economic losses of more than 300,000 yuan. Sheep like to eat the oily residue wrapped in plastic bags, but they often eat the plastic bags together. Because the plastic they eat stays in the stomach for a long time and is difficult to digest, these sheep's stomachs are filled up and they can no longer eat. Things will eventually starve to death. Such things are common in zoos, pastoral areas, rural areas, and oceans.

Thirdly, waste plastics being landfilled with garbage will not only occupy a large amount of land, but also the occupied land will not be restored for a long time, affecting the sustainable use of land. If the waste plastic products that enter the domestic garbage are landfilled, they will not degrade in 200 years.

Edit the banned countries in this paragraph

Bangladesh has banned plastic bags.

China has banned free plastic bags

Ireland is the first country in Europe to increase the price of plastic bags. Since its implementation in 2002, it has reduced plastic by 90%. Bag consumption.

Rwanda gave up the use of plastic bags in 2005.

Israel, Canada, Western India, Botswana, Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Taiwan, and Singapore have all banned or are preparing to ban plastic bags.

On March 27, 2007, San Francisco became the first city in the United States to ban plastic bags.

The American cities of Oakland and Boston are also considering whether to ban plastic bags.

Since the raw materials of plastic bags contain some components of petroleum, China can save 37 million barrels of petroleum every year after banning free plastic bags!

Edit the types of plastic bags in this paragraph

(1) High-pressure polyethylene plastic bags

(2) Low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags

(3) Polypropylene plastic bags

(4) Polyvinyl chloride plastic bags

Edit the use of plastic bags in this paragraph

(1) High-pressure polyethylene plastic bags Uses:

A. Food packaging: pastries, candies, roasted seeds and nuts, biscuits, milk powder, salt,

tea, etc.;

B. Fiber product packaging: Shirts, clothing, cotton products, chemical fiber products;

C. Daily chemical product packaging.

(2) Uses of low-pressure polyethylene plastic bags:

A. Garbage bags, strain bags;

B. Convenience bags, shopping bags, portable bags Bags, vest bags;

C. Fresh-keeping bags;

D. Inner bags of woven bags

(3) Purposes of polypropylene plastic bags:

Mainly used for packaging textiles, knitted cotton products, clothing, shirts, etc.

(4) Uses of polyvinyl chloride plastic bags:

A. Gift bags;

B. Luggage bags, knitting product packaging bags, cosmetic packaging Bags;

C. (zippered) file bags and information bags.