Management mode of agent construction system for engineering construction projects?

The agent construction system has a history of nearly a hundred years in the United States, and it has been developing and evolving with the change of market demand. According to the report of "Design-Build" Institute in 2000, the proportion of adopting design-build general contract has reached 30%, and it is expected to rise to 45% by 2005. Project agent construction system has been widely used in the world. The main business form of large engineering companies in the United States, Canada and other countries is project agency construction service, of which general contracting business accounts for 60-85% and project management service accounts for 5- 15%. It is a common practice to entrust a professional company to organize and implement the project.

1In April, 1999, Shanghai Pudong Consulting Company, which specializes in project management, was entrusted by the Shanghai Planning Commission to set up the preparation office of the comprehensive base for receiving education and treatment in Shanghai, acting as the agent for the whole process of project implementation, and began the pilot work of using the agent construction system for financial investment projects in Shanghai. In March, 2000, the management research of major municipal engineering projects in Shanghai passed the appraisal. In April, 20001,Shanghai Dalian Highway Tunnel Development Co., Ltd. was established by Shanghai Tunnel Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Construction Engineering Management Co., Ltd., and was responsible for the implementation of Dalian Highway Tunnel Project by BOT. In 2000, Shanghai officially opened the expressway investment field to domestic and foreign investors. Up to now, investment projects have been completed 1 1, with a total investment of 26.8 billion yuan, of which private enterprises account for about 50%. The implementation and management of these expressway projects are undertaken by Shanghai Municipal Engineering Construction and Development Co., Ltd. and other project companies, which greatly improves the level of construction management and effectively guarantees the interests of investors and the full play of project benefits. In May 2002, the Ningbo Municipal Government promulgated the Interim Provisions on the Construction Agent System of Ningbo Municipal Government Investment Projects. In February, 2003, Chongqing Municipal People's Government issued the Interim Measures for the Administration of Agent Construction System for Public Welfare Projects of Chongqing Municipal Government. It can be seen that the project agent construction system, as a new starting point of China's engineering construction management reform, has gone through the initial exploration stage and is constantly improving and gradually popularizing.

The main application modes of project agent system in engineering construction management are general contracting and entrusted management of engineering projects.

The main ways of project general contracting in developed countries are: 1, design-build, that is, (D-B): the contractor is responsible for the design and construction of the project and is fully responsible for the quality, safety, construction period and cost of the project. D-B mode is a way of project organization. The owner and the design-construction contractor work closely together to complete the planning, design, cost control and schedule of the project, and even take charge of land purchase and project financing. Using a contractor to take charge of the whole project avoids the contradiction between design and construction, which can significantly reduce the project cost and shorten the construction period. At the same time, when selecting contractors, taking the quality of design scheme as the main bid evaluation factor can ensure that the owners can obtain high-quality projects.

2. EPC/EPC/Turnkey): EPC/Turnkey means that the general contractor completes the services of engineering design, equipment and materials procurement, construction and trial operation according to the contract, so as to realize the reasonable intersection and close cooperation of design, procurement and construction stages and ensure the safety and quality of the project. In this way, the general contractor only undertakes the technical services in the trial operation stage, rather than taking full responsibility for the trial operation like a turnkey.

Design-build or EPC turn-key contract structure is the basic requirement for the owner to hire a professional consulting company to study the proposed project. The owner only needs to choose a design-build general contractor to be responsible for the cost of the whole project based on lump sum contract, and he chooses to consult design companies and subcontractors. If it is a government public project, pre-qualification and open competitive bidding must be adopted.

The advantages of adopting design-build or EPC general contracting mode are that one contractor is responsible for the whole project, which avoids the contradiction between design and construction and reduces the cost and construction period of the project. When selecting a contractor, the quality of the design scheme is taken as the main evaluation factor to ensure that the owner can obtain high-quality projects. Owners can get upfront cost protection. Its disadvantages are: the owner can't choose a designer; The design may be influenced by the interests of the owner, and the main risks are borne by the contractor, so the project cost may be higher.

The second mode is entrusted management (trusteeship), that is, the project management enterprise is entrusted by the owner to manage and serve the whole process or several stages of project organization and implementation on behalf of the owner according to the contract. The main ways of entrusted management of engineering projects are: 1 and project management service (PM), that is, the engineering project company prepares relevant documents for the owner in the decision-making and implementation stages of the project according to the contract, and provides management and services such as bidding agency, design, procurement, construction and trial operation.

The British Institute of Architects defines project management (PM) as "from the beginning to the completion of the project, the project cost objectives (investment objectives, cost objectives), quality objectives and schedule objectives are achieved through project planning (PP) and project control (PC)". That is PM=PP+PC. Project management can be divided into four types: owner's project management, designer's project management, contractor's project management and supplier's project management. Among them, the owner's PM plays a leading role. In this paper, the owner's PM. Project planning (PP) mainly includes objective demonstration, objective decomposition, organizational structure planning, workflow planning, contract structure planning and risk management planning. The time division of project plan includes decision-making period plan, implementation period plan (divided into schedule plan, investment plan and quality plan) and business plan. The purpose of the plan is to control. The main measures of project control include organizational measures, contract measures, economic measures and technical measures.

Specifically, project management service (PM) refers to project planning, project proposal preparation and feasibility study report for the owner in the project decision-making stage according to the contract. In the implementation stage of the project, provide services such as bidding agency, design management, procurement management, construction management and trial operation (completion acceptance) for the owner, manage and control the quality, safety, progress, cost, contract and information of the project on behalf of the owner, and collect certain remuneration according to the contract and assume certain management responsibilities.

2. Project management contracting (PMC) refers to the whole process and all-round project management carried out by the project management contractor on behalf of the owner, including overall planning, project definition and project bidding, selection of design, procurement and construction contractors, and comprehensive management of design, procurement and construction.

PMC is the project management contractor entrusted by the owner, which is responsible for the overall management of the project. PMC management mode is divided into two stages, the first stage is the definition stage, and the second stage is the implementation stage. In the definition stage, PMC should be responsible for organizing the design unit to complete the preliminary design and technical design, and put forward reasonable suggestions; According to relevant standards, cost data and experience of similar projects, the investment budget is formulated as a reference for project cost control; On this basis, the tender of engineering design, procurement and construction is compiled, and the general contractor of each project in the project is determined. Depending on different projects, the general contractor can be EPC or design-build. In the implementation stage, the winning general contractor is responsible for detailed design, procurement and construction, and PMC will manage and coordinate all projects under the authorization of the management contract entrusted by the owner until the project is completed. At all stages of PMC's intervention, PMC shall report to the owner in time, and the owner will send a small number of personnel to supervise and inspect PMC's work.

The quotation composition of PMC is mostly the sum of working hours, profits and risks. The final accounts of the project should be compared with the approved budget at the end of the definition phase. If it is saved, it will be preliminarily calculated according to the sharing method agreed by PMC, and then the final reward amount will be obtained according to the three indicators of project availability, performance and construction period. If the cost is exceeded, a fine will be imposed as agreed, until all the deposit of PMC is confiscated.

As can be seen from the above, PMC may not get the proportional savings award only by saving, but also must meet other requirements, otherwise it is still risky. It can be seen that compared with PM mode, PMC service mode not only completes all the work contents of project management service (PM), but also undertakes the corresponding management risks and economic responsibilities according to the contract, which is a high-risk and high-return service.

In a word, PM/PMC refers to that the consulting company manages the project on behalf of the owner and is in the position of manager and coordinator of design, construction and supervision. The relationship between the consulting company and the owner is closer, which can fully reflect and implement the owner's intentions, so that the owner can receive reasonable suggestions and decision-making information, which is more conducive to the owner to make reasonable and correct decisions.

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