Short-term memory and instantaneous memory

According to the length of memory, there are short-term memory, instantaneous memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory and instantaneous memory have shorter time. Is there a difference between short-term memory and instantaneous memory? Below I bring you short-term memory and instantaneous memory, hoping to help you!

The basic principle of instantaneous memory, also known as sensory registration or sensory memory, is a term used by cognitive psychology to explain people's sensory function and memory formation. Stimulate the information of the object to contact with the human sensory organs and temporarily store it. This form of storage is called sensory registration. There are different types of sensory records, such as visual records and auditory records. Any information that comes into contact with the sensory organs becomes the content of registration. The appearance of a stimulus, from the theory of reflex arc, always acts on a receptor, which first stimulates the organ to form a feeling, which is the first step of memory, feeling registration!

I feel that registration is just like the resume received by the company. Its function is whether to grab this resume and enter the next process. Influenced by the external characteristics of stimulation, one's own knowledge and experience, the threshold of organs and other factors.

The capacity of the instantaneous memory limit is very large, and the maximum capacity can reach 0.25 seconds and 20 bits. So how many words are there? Please look at the following calculation: every 8 bits is a byte, 20 bits are 2.5 bytes, 2 bytes are a Chinese character, and 20 bits are 1.25 Chinese characters. 0.25 seconds can remember 1.25 Chinese characters, and 1 second is 5 Chinese characters! The conclusion is that the instantaneous memory of 1s can remember at most five Chinese characters, and even our commonly used Chinese character 1s can not necessarily say five, and the capacity is obvious! Of course, if the resume is screened once, we will immediately forget to enter the content of the next resume, so the storage time of instant memory is very short!

The capacity of the instantaneous memory limit is very large, and the maximum capacity can reach 0.25 seconds and 20 bits. So how many words are there? Please look at the following calculation: every 8 bits is a byte, 20 bits are 2.5 bytes, 2 bytes are a Chinese character, and 20 bits are 1.25 Chinese characters. 0.25 seconds can remember 1.25 Chinese characters, and 1 second is 5 Chinese characters! The conclusion is that the instantaneous memory of 1s can remember at most five Chinese characters, and even our commonly used Chinese character 1s can not necessarily say five, and the capacity is obvious! Of course, if the resume is screened once, we will immediately forget to enter the content of the next resume, so the storage time of instant memory is very short!

The Basic Principle of Short-term Memory When the stimulus we receive wants to go further, we should encode simple auditory and visual stimuli into electrical or chemical signals for easy transmission in the brain! Then this is the second working memory or short-term memory of memory! Short-term memory is between instantaneous memory and long-term memory, and it is a bridge between them!

It's like reading HR resume, passing the training interview and being selected as an employee who enters the probation period! It can accept a limited number of trainers at a time, so the capacity of short-term memory is also limited. Two big pieces! What is a chunk? A chunk may be one word or two words, depending on your knowledge and experience! Tang poetry is the best knowledge point in our study, and it is also the most memorable part. There are quatrains (four words), five words and seven words in Tang poetry. You recite the primary school prose with the word 10, remember? Most of us have forgotten! When we were listening to the teacher's lecture, we suddenly felt that we could recite Tang poems, but after a while you will find out why we can't, because the short-term memory time is only 1min.

The basic feature of instantaneous memory (1) Instantaneous memory is the record of external stimuli in the sensory channel in the form of sensory afterimages, so it has a distinct image.

(2)spor ing's partial report experiment proves that the capacity of instantaneous memory is large, but the retention time is short. It is generally believed that the capacity of flash memory is 9-20 bits; The retention time of image memory is 0.25? 1 sec, sound and image memory can be maintained for more than 1 sec, but not more than 4 seconds.

(3) If we pay attention to the information in instantaneous memory, we can transfer it to short-term memory, otherwise it will disappear.

The basic characteristic information of short-term memory is kept for a short time.

Some people compare short-term memory to telephone number memory, which means that in order to make a phone call, people first look up the number, dial it as soon as they are finished, and then forget the number. The number will remain in short-term memory for such a short time. During 1959, American scholar Peterson and Peterson's wife did relevant experiments. They compiled an alphabet consisting of three consonants, such as GKB, PST, RUD and so on. After listening to three consonants each time, they are immediately asked to subtract three from a certain three-digit number and report the result, such as subtracting three from 267 and reading 273, 270 and 267 until the examiner sends a signal to start memorizing letters. The purpose of mental arithmetic is to prevent the subjects from meditating. There are different time intervals from the presentation of letters to the beginning of recall, which are 3 seconds, 6 seconds, 9 seconds, 12 seconds, 15 seconds and 18 seconds respectively. In advance, the subjects don't know how long the operation will take, which is actually a test of delaying memory at different intervals. The experimental results show that when the memory is delayed for 3 seconds, there is obvious forgetting, and the correct memory rate is only 80%. With the extension of the interval, the correct memory rate is decreasing. When it is extended to 18 seconds, the correct memory rate of the subjects is only 10%. When it exceeds 18 seconds, the correct memory rate will not continue to decline and will remain at 65438. This shows that without retelling, the information is kept in short-term memory for a short time, about 5 ~ 20 seconds, and the longest time is no more than 1 minute. If you don't repeat it, you will soon forget it.

Memory capacity is limited, usually 7? 2

The capacity of short-term memory is also called memory span. It refers to the maximum amount of information that subjects can recall after a demonstration. A typical experiment uses a table with 3 to 12 bits randomly arranged. Subjects read in turn. After reading a sequence, the subjects repeated it correctly until they could no longer repeat it accurately. Its memory capacity is the maximum number of digits that he can repeat correctly, usually 7? 2。 Recent studies have found that memory span is related to the properties of memory materials and the degree of coding processing of materials. The short-term memory span measured by China scholars is that unrelated Chinese characters can remember six at a time, with seven decimal places and five rows. If the memory materials are meaningful, relevant and familiar, then the memory span can be increased.