The history of the Northeast Party should be detailed.

65438+ 10/0, on the same day as the opening of the political consultative conference, China and the United States announced that they had reached an agreement to stop military conflicts and resume traffic. Due to the constraints of the Sino-Soviet Treaty, the agreement stipulates: "Section II of this Order shall not affect the entry or redeployment of the troops of the National Government into the nine northeastern provinces in order to restore China's sovereignty." (80) 19, Chiang Kai-shek telephoned Du Fu and said, "All our troops that have entered the Northeast, regardless of their strength, whether marching or staying, must complete their combat preparations at any time. Don't rest. " (8 1) With the support of the U.S. government, they concentrated the transport ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, transported troops from Shanghai, Guangzhou, Vietnam and other places to Qinhuangdao, turned to the northeast, and expanded the civil war. The forces on the northeast battlefield have further changed. At the beginning of February, the New First Army and the New Sixth Army of the Kuomintang Army successively entered the Northeast. These two armies are the elite main forces of the Kuomintang army and are equipped with American equipment. They have made great achievements in the battlefield in Myanmar, and now they are engaged in the northeast battlefield in China. In March, a division of the 7th1,60th and 94th Army of the Kuomintang Army successively entered the Northeast. The regular troops of the Northeast Kuomintang increased from134,000 in June to 285,000, and actively marched northward along the Beining Railway in an attempt to seize the whole Northeast. A larger campaign in the northeast is inevitable.

The Northeast People's Autonomous Army led by China's * * * Production Party was renamed the Northeast Democratic Coalition Army on June 65438+ 10, 2004, with Lin Biao as the commander-in-chief, Peng Zhen and Luo Ronghuan as the first and second political commissars respectively. By this time, the old troops had got a proper rest, and the new troops continued to expand and got some training. Reorganization of troops: "On the basis of the old troops, we will focus on incorporating and supplementing the newly reorganized troops. In this way, the old troops complement each other in the advantages of weapons and equipment of the new troops and the advantages of personnel quality and combat experience of the new troops, and complement each other and become the main force with real combat effectiveness. " 82. Under such circumstances, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of establishing and consolidating base areas in the northeast if the Kuomintang troops advancing northward cannot be dealt a certain blow. On 26th, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed: "Because Chiang Kai-shek failed to strike hard when attacking Jinzhou, Fuxin, Jehol and other places, Chiang despised my strength in the Northeast, trusted Du's report, and thought that our army could defeat our army and control the Northeast without much effort. Therefore, Jiang now refuses to negotiate with me to solve the Northeast issue peacefully, and is unwilling to recognize my position in the Northeast, and still wants to solve it by force. Under this circumstance, the armed conflict in the northeast is still inevitable for the time being. " (83) 13 On the night of February, six regiments of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces suddenly surrounded and annihilated the first 13rd Army 1 th reinforcement regiment of the Kuomintang Army, which was far away from the main force in the northward advance, with more than 600 troops. This is the first victory of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces in the war of annihilation under the grim situation that the Kuomintang troops are advancing step by step. This victory cannot be underestimated. It "not only dealt a preliminary blow to the arrogance of the enemy, but also eliminated some of us' fear of American machinery and equipment" (84), which greatly boosted the morale of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces. However, relying on its military superiority, the Kuomintang continued to advance northward.

At the beginning of March, Soviet troops began to withdraw from Shenyang and its vicinity. Wang Shijie, Foreign Minister of the Kuomintang government, recorded on June 5438+02: "When the Soviet Union retreated from Shenyang, it did not inform us in advance, but only verbally approached us at the end of the retreat." (85) At this time, the Kuomintang troops marching northward had advanced to the vicinity of Shenyang. China Northeast Bureau held a meeting on 12 to discuss whether to seize Shenyang. At the meeting, it was considered inappropriate to risk attacking Shenyang. Lin Biao said: "It is not necessary, but possible. The train and bus transportation near Shenyang is very fast, and it is also fast to take my back road. Can't get in, can't take it, can't return it. It is likely to fail. " Peng Zhen finally said: "The action of attacking Shen is risky." (86) 13, the Central Committee called Dongbeiju and Lin Biao again: "After the Soviet troops withdrew from Shenyang, our army should not attack Shenyang City. Our army will be in a passive position militarily and at a great disadvantage politically. Not only does Shenyang not have to occupy it, but it is along the line from Shenyang to Harbin. When the Soviet army retreats, we don't want to occupy it and let the national army accept it. " On the same day, Kuomintang troops successfully entered Shenyang.

The Northeast Camp and the Northeast Security Command are also stationed in Shenyang. Shenyang area, the most densely populated and economically prosperous area in Northeast China, has been controlled by the Kuomintang. At that time, Du was being treated for renal tuberculosis in Beijing. Xiong Shihui immediately issued an order on March 15, and the soldiers were divided into two ways to launch a storm in the north and south directions: on the southern line, a division of the New Sixth Army, the Fifty-second Army and the Ninety-fourth Army attacked Benxi to ensure the safety of Shenyang's rear; The new 1 Army and 7 1 Army (lacking 1 division) on the northern line plan to capture Siping Street on April 8, and then continue northward. Zheng Dongguo, who was acting as the Northeast Security Commander at that time, recalled: "Our policy is roughly: before the three-member group arrived in the Northeast, we should expand the occupied area as much as possible, first control the important cities along the railway, and create a fait accompli, so as to be in a favorable position in the future armistice negotiations." (88) Xiong Shihui called Chiang Kai-shek again on March 29, suggesting to continue to send more troops: "Our army has 12 to 15 troops coming to the northeast, and we can recover the whole territory for the second time." However, the Kuomintang army is planning to launch a full-scale civil war in the pass, and it is difficult to send more troops to the northeast. On April 6th, Chiang Kai-shek called Xiong Shihui: "If our army is determined to advance northward, it is not necessary to seek development to the south except to recover Benxi Lake. We should temporarily take the defensive and make every effort to advance to Changchun. " "The powerful forces such as the New Sixth Army should be deployed to advance northward and concentrate on breaking a line south of Siping Street. Destroy them and the overall situation will be fixed. " (90)

At this time, the Soviet Union is also accelerating its withdrawal from northeast China. Wang Shijie recorded on March 23: "Yesterday afternoon, Soviet Ambassador Petrov sent a note saying that the Soviet Union decided to withdraw from the Northeast at the end of April." The Malinowski headquarters of the Soviet army left Changchun for home on April 5, and the whole army withdrew as scheduled at the end of April. Wang Shijie recorded on May 7: "Report that Dong Yanping (deputy chief of staff of the Northeast Battalion of the Kuomintang) called from Boli and said that the Soviet side had announced that it would withdraw completely on April 30." (9 1) In this way, the northeast battlefield completely formed a situation of confrontation and confrontation between the two countries.

It is against this background that the battle of Siping Street came into being.

Siping Street is located in the center of Nanman Plain, connecting three railway lines, and it is the transportation hub of east, west, north and south, just like the Kuomintang army went north from Shenyang to Changchun, Harbin and Qiqihar. When the Soviet troops retreated, the Kuomintang troops had not yet arrived there, but only recruited some puppet troops and bandit troops to defend themselves. On March 18, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces annihilated the puppet troops and bandit troops and liberated Siping Street. On the 29th, according to the telegram of the 25th of the Central Committee, the Dongbeiju further instructed all the troops: "All preparations must be completed quickly. When the friendly troops retreat, Changchun, Kazakhstan and Qi will be captured quickly by agile and quick means, and the stubborn bandits in each city will be completely eliminated within one month. This is related to the great future of the Northeast and China revolutions. I hope that I will be personally responsible and carefully deployed. " (92) The situation in Changsha, Harbin and Qi is similar to that in Siping Street. In late April, after the Soviet troops retreated, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces liberated these three cities in the form of Siping Street. Taking Harbin as an example, Liu Da, the mayor at that time, recalled: "Except for more than 200 security guards adapted by the puppet troops, the number of underground troops of the Kuomintang was just a number written on paper. Moreover, more than 200 security guards have now begun to take off their uniforms and flee to the northeast. There is no possibility of resistance. Therefore, "Harbin was liberated without firing a shot. " (93)

* * * The Central Committee and the Northeast Bureau attach great importance to the defense of Siping Street. On March 26th, Peng Zhen drafted a telegram to the Central Committee and Lin Biao for the Northeast Bureau: "According to the instructions of the Central Committee, my policy is to fully control Changchun and Harbin, changchun road and Zhongdong Road north of Tieling. The key to accomplishing this task is to concentrate all the forces that can be mobilized in the northeast, fight repeatedly along the Shenyang-Changchun railway, destroy a large number of enemies, and strive to stop the enemy in the south of Siping to ensure that the whole northern Manchuria centered on Harbin-Changsha is in my hands. " "This battle is the last battle to decide our party's position in the northeast. We hope to mobilize the whole party and the whole army with the greatest determination and sacrifice to win the decision of this battle. " (94)

Siping Street lasted for a month before and after the battle.

On April 18, the new army of the Kuomintang, under the cover of planes, artillery and tanks, began to storm Siping Street. 7 1 army (owed 1 division) and so on went into battle one after another. Under the condition of poor equipment, the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces fought tenaciously by relying on fortifications, and the two sides entered a stalemate. There are three shortcomings in the operational guidance of the war history commentary compiled by the Kuomintang at this stage: "First, the forces are scattered and the advantages are ignored"; "Second, I am used to attacking and lack the concept of encirclement"; "Third, it will be exhausted again and the strategic concept is insufficient." As for the third point, it is explained as follows: "The chief executive learned that the Russian troops in Siping and Changchun were about to withdraw northward and were eager to take over before the bandit troops entered the territory; From a political point of view, it is necessary, but from a military standpoint, it seems too easy to underestimate the enemy. " "When the new army moved northward and the 7 th1Army arrived in the suburbs of Siping, the offensive had reached its limit, resulting in a stalemate." (95)

/kloc-In May of 0/4, after the New Sixth Army and other southern troops captured Benxi, they went northward for reinforcements on a large scale at the request of Chiang Kai-shek. Gal, Siping battlefield situation has undergone major changes. Almost all the elite main forces of the Kuomintang army in the northeast rushed out. The total strength of the Kuomintang troops in the north and south roads concentrated in Siping Street area has soared to 1 1 division, about160,000. The transportation is fast, and a large number of tanks, heavy artillery and planes work together to attack the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces in an attempt to fight a decisive battle here. Xu Yongchang Diary published on May 14: "According to the staff report sent by Du, there was no progress in attacking Siping Street in January. Recently, two divisions of the New Sixth Army and the 8 th Division of the 7 1 Army joined our right wing, hoping to capture Siping Street in one fell swoop and end the attack on the Northeast (the front array was the new army and the left array was 7 1 Army). " On the night of (96) 18, Lin Biao flatly ordered to withdraw from Siping Street under the serious unfavorable situation of the Northeast Democratic Allied Forces. After the Kuomintang troops occupied Siping Street, they took advantage of the situation and went north. The terrain near Changchun is flat, and the Northeast Democratic Coalition forces are insufficient and exhausted, so it is difficult to hold on and take the initiative to retreat. On the 23rd, the Kuomintang troops entered Changchun without fighting. However, due to the long front and scattered forces, it was difficult for them to deploy reinforcements in the pass and could not continue to advance north of the Songhua River, and the two sides formed a confrontation across the river.