Why can't Chu beat Qin?

Differences in the scope of talent access

Qin State: Wang Wen, a Muslim, not only reused Qin people such as winning China and winning diseases, but also reused a large number of foreign ministers. Such as Gongsun Yan, Zhang Yi and Andy. The strength of Qin State is basically created by foreign talents, including Shang Yang, Zhang Yi and Li Si. Chu: Not fatuous, just limited in talent.

Due to the hereditary power of Chu, important military and political positions were controlled by Qu, Jing, Zhao and some noble families. Foreign talents want to break through the top, which means that some nobles have to make concessions. It may not be difficult for a person to make concessions, but big noble will never allow this precedent, because he may make concessions next time. It is conceivable that the resistance is so great that it is almost impossible for foreign talents to obtain administrative power.

Poor conversion rate of national strength

Qin: Although there are national seals, they are all fake. For example, if a county is closed to you, then your salary is the tax of this county. However, the people of this county are not under your control. They still belong to the country. Government departments manage government affairs and people's lives in accordance with national laws and regulations. Taxation, conscription, and enforcement of laws and regulations are all the responsibilities of the state. You can eat your local taxes.

This country needs manpower and troops and should be transferred directly. God wants to protect his own interests and bribe the local government to cover it up? Ask the officials if they dare. His family was cut off by taking bribes. Chu: All big families are closed, especially big noble such as Qu, Jing and Zhao, who control this vast and fertile land. In addition to respecting national laws, aristocratic territory also has a high degree of autonomy for civilians on the land.

Frankly speaking, the fiefs of Chu belong to nobles. When the country needs it, nobles often estimate their own interests, not reporting, underreporting and concealing them, so as to minimize the loss of population and wealth in their territory. The proportion of people turning into national strength is very low. After the king of Chu knew it, he was very helpless. The nobles were entangled and could not move.

Institutional differences

Qin State: After Shang Yang's political reform, the Qin system stipulated that civilians could obtain titles by farming and fighting. That is, if you kill the enemy on the battlefield, you can record your merits. If you kill an officer, you will get this title and be promoted from a commoner to a minor aristocrat. What's the use of this title? The state rewards land and slaves, raises wages and status, and can hold military posts. If there are relatives in your family who are enslaved because of crimes, you can take back your title to redeem their relatives' civilian status and get rid of their slave status.

Your military achievements will be recorded by the state and directly rewarded to your family. Don't worry that your reward will be lost on the battlefield. Don't worry, no one will report your death, because the Qin system stipulates that five people in the army have "martial arts" and your companions will report your merits. Don't think how honest they are, because the crime of concealing military achievements is very serious. Therefore, there is a saying that "Qin people are delighted by the war", because the war can give this group of ordinary people a chance to turn over and make their ancestral graves smoke. Both sides need to do military service. Every enemy's head is a gold mine on the battlefield. Qin people must have fought bravely.

Chu State: All classes in the State of Chu that have restored the old system are fixed. Nobles are always nobles, civilians are always civilians, and slaves are always slaves. If the war is won, there will be some property or even no return. Want to be an official? Sorry, your status is too low to be considered. Although some excellent people will be appreciated by the nobility and promoted in a special way, such people are rare and can only be in low-level positions.

This system is compared with the reform countries such as Wei, Qi and South Korea. Obviously, it is impossible to effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of soldiers. If you die, you're dead. If they win, it's also because of the nobility, so people are afraid of fighting.