ERP sand table problem

ERP sand table is the abbreviation of enterprise resource planning sand table, that is, using physical sand table to visually display the internal and external resources of enterprises. ERP sand table can display the main material resources of an enterprise, including various internal resources such as factory buildings, equipment, warehouses, inventory materials, funds, employees, orders and contracts. It can also display cooperative organizations including suppliers and customers upstream and downstream of the enterprise, and even external resources such as government management departments and social service departments that provide various services for the enterprise. Generally speaking, the focus of ERP sandbox display is the internal resources of enterprises. ERP simulation sand table is a role experience experimental platform designed on behalf of advanced modern enterprise management technology-ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning System). ERP simulation sand table teaching AIDS mainly include: 6 sand tables, representing 6 competing simulation enterprises. The simulated sand table is divided into functional centers according to the functional departments of manufacturing enterprises, including marketing and planning centers, production centers, logistics centers and financial centers. Each functional center covers all key links of enterprise operation: strategic planning, fund raising, marketing, product research and development, production organization, material procurement, equipment investment and transformation, financial accounting and management, etc. And abstract the internal and external environment of enterprise operation into a series of rules. Students form six competing simulation enterprises, which operate for 5-6 years. Through the participation of students-> Sand table carrier->; Simulation management-> Confrontation drill->; Lecturer comments-> A series of experimental links, such as students' perception, and the design ideas of combining theory with practice and role-playing with post experience, enable students to understand scientific management rules, cultivate team spirit and comprehensively improve management ability in a series of activities such as analyzing the market, formulating strategies, marketing planning, organizing production and financial management. At the same time, I also have practical experience in the management process of enterprise resources. ERP sand table teaching AIDS ERP sand table simulation teaching takes a set of sand table teaching AIDS as the carrier. Sand table teaching AIDS mainly include: six sand tables, representing six competing simulation enterprises. The picture below shows the whole picture of the sand table. Sand table is divided into four [1] functional centers according to the functional departments of manufacturing enterprises, namely, marketing and planning center, production center, logistics center and financial center. Each functional center covers all key links of enterprise operation: strategic planning, marketing, production organization, procurement management, inventory management, financial management, etc. It is the epitome of a manufacturing enterprise. Table: Functions of four function centers Four functions (1) Four functions (2) Links of sand table simulation teaching 1. Organizational preparation is the first step of ERP sand table simulation. The main contents include three items: first, divide the students into groups, each group is generally 5-6 people, and let all students form six competing simulation enterprises (for simplicity, the six simulation enterprises can be named as group A, group B, group C, group D, group E and group F in turn), and then clarify the functions of each role and the post responsibilities of each role in the enterprise organization, which are generally divided into CEO, marketing director and operation director. When the number of people is large, auxiliary roles such as business spies and financial assistants can be appropriately increased. In the course of several years' operation, we can exchange roles, so as to experience the corresponding changes in the starting point of thinking after the role change, that is, learn to think in other's shoes. Special reminders are: integrity and personal experience. Honesty is the life of an enterprise and the foundation of its survival. Don't be afraid to make mistakes in the process of business simulation. The purpose of learning is to find problems and try to find solutions to them. In the process of learning, whoever makes more mistakes will gain more. 2. Description of the basic situation For business operators, when they take over a business, they need to have a basic understanding of the business, including the expectations of shareholders, the current financial situation, market share, products, production facilities, profitability and so on. The basic information description takes the two main financial statements (balance sheet and income statement) of the initial year of the enterprise as the basic indicators, describes the current financial situation and operating results of the enterprise item by item, and supplements other related aspects. 3. Market rules and enterprise operation rules Enterprises exist in an open market environment, and competition among enterprises needs to follow certain rules. Considering all aspects involved in market competition and enterprise operation, it is simplified into the following eight agreements: (1) market division and market access; (2) sales meeting and order competition; (three) the purchase, sale and lease of factory buildings; (4) Purchase, production conversion, maintenance and sales of production lines; (5) product production; (6) product development and ISO certification; (7) product development and ISO certification; (8) Financing loans and discounts. 4. The initial state of ERP sandbox simulation is not to start from the creation of an enterprise, but to take over an enterprise that has been in operation for three years. Although the basic information of enterprise operation has been obtained from the basic situation description, these boring figures need to be vividly reproduced on the sand table to pave the way for the next enterprise operation. Through the initial state setting, students can deeply feel the direct connection between financial data and enterprise business, understand that financial data is a summary and refinement of enterprise operation, and make conceptual preparations for "seeing operation through finance" in the future. 5. Business competition simulation Business competition simulation is the main part of ERP sand table simulation, which is carried out according to business year. At the initial stage of operation, the market forecast data was released through Business Weekly, which effectively predicted the overall demand, unit price and development trend of each product in each market. Every enterprise organization discusses enterprise strategy and business strategy on the basis of market forecast, operates according to certain procedures under the leadership of CEO, and makes business decisions on all important matters, and the results of the decisions will be directly reflected from the business results of the enterprise. 6. On-site case analysis On-site case analysis is the essence of sand table simulation course. Every year, enterprise managers should analyze the operating results of enterprises and deeply reflect on where they are. Where did you lose? What about the competitors? Is it necessary to adjust the enterprise strategy? Combining with the overall situation of the classroom, we can find out the common puzzles, deeply analyze typical cases on the spot, and speak with numbers, so that students can feel the distance between management knowledge and management practice. In different stages of sand table simulation, the roles of teachers and students in the simulation are divided. Teachers and students play different roles in combination with specific tasks. The following table lists the differences between these roles. Table: the roles of teachers and students at different stages of the curriculum

Specific tasks in the course stage: teacher role, student role organization and preparation.

Basic description of the role required by the guide.

The operation law of old and new management in enterprises

Initial state setting of old and new management in enterprises

Director, new management, business competition simulation strategy formulation, business and media information release role-playing

Role-playing of financing shareholders, bankers and senior bank lenders

Role-playing of winning and delivering orders to customers

Role-playing of suppliers who buy raw materials and place orders.

Role-playing of process supervision and audit

On-the-spot case analysis of role-playing of rule confirmation consultant

What critics and analysts should pay attention to in the process of role-playing sand table simulation 1 [2] The importance of financial problems: the business activities and bankruptcy risks of enterprises depend on the cash flow activities of enterprises. In order to maximize the benefits of enterprises and avoid the danger of bankruptcy, it is necessary to have accurate financial analysis and forecast; 2. Uncertainty of competition: competition is an interactive relationship, and competitors' decisions often depend on changes in the environment and competitors' analysis results. 3. Achieve strategic goals: SWOT analysis is actually very useful. You don't have to list it clearly. At least think about what you have, what you don't have, what you like and what you are afraid of. 4. Operation is indeed a very complicated process, often from the business plan to the decomposition and analysis of preconditions, to the modification of the scheme, and then to the understanding of preconditions ... After going through the sales department, production department, R&D department, human resources department and financial department, it takes at least two cycles of discussion and interaction, a series of detailed analysis and calculation, and in-depth discussion of different strategic plans to ensure scientific and executable. Through this game, I really find that I really lack the ideas and tools for the overall operation of the enterprise. In the future study, while understanding the specific methods and contents of various management work, we should also pay attention to the position and influence of some work in the overall operation of the enterprise and think about the direction of specific work from the overall perspective. 6. The direction of R&D products is not necessarily the widest market, but products with small market may have fewer competitors and better benefits. 7, the bottleneck of enterprise operation, to make special incentives, even if only to ensure that the task has just been completed, it is also a great contribution to the enterprise. 8. If the output (workload) of a process (department) is the same, different operation modes have different effects on the overall efficiency of the enterprise: if 50% of the delivery is completed and 50% of the delivery is completed at one time, the impact on the overall performance of the enterprise is great. 9. Personnel must be trained to meet the requirements of the enterprise: this game specially sets the rule that new employees must be employed after 1 year, which makes us find that in fact, enterprises often forget that new employees can only be employed after training. 10, follow-up company strategy: it takes a lot of cost to get the market (brand) leader position. Although this position can bring great benefits to enterprise marketing, the huge cost may also drag down the enterprise. Some CCTV champions overestimate the marketing help that this leading position can bring to enterprises, but ignore the actual financial situation of enterprises, leading to failure. Therefore, sometimes, adopting follower strategy can often make the investment of enterprises more cost-effective. 1 1. The cooperation negotiation must be conducted exclusively with the key person of the other enterprise-the person who can guarantee the decision-making power and the cooperation process. When cooperation is reached, it is considered that the other party has already reached cooperation with other parties. 12. In the market competition, it is very important to know each other's information. Knowing the opponent's financial situation is very helpful to understand his competitive strength and decision-making tendency. Analysis on the Importance of Sandplay Simulation in Editing this Paragraph As an experiential teaching method, Sandplay Simulation is a teaching innovation after traditional teaching and case teaching. With the help of ERP sand table simulation, students' management knowledge, management skills and comprehensive quality can be strengthened. Sand table simulation teaching integrates theory and practice, role-playing and post experience, so that students can complete the transformation from knowledge to skills in participation and experience. Expanding the knowledge system in all directions ERP sand table simulation can benefit students in the following aspects by showing enterprise management and simulation experience in all directions: 1. A successful strategic management enterprise must have a clear enterprise strategy, including product strategy, market strategy, competition strategy and capital utilization strategy. After several years of simulation, confusion, frustration and exploration, students will learn to look at the business and management of enterprises from a strategic perspective, ensure the consistency of business and strategy, and achieve more strategic success than opportunistic success in future work. 2. Marketing management Marketing is a process in which enterprises constantly use value to meet customer needs. All the behaviors and resources of an enterprise are nothing more than to meet the needs of customers. By simulating the market competition of an enterprise for several years, students will learn how to analyze the market, pay attention to competitors, grasp the needs of consumers, formulate marketing strategies, locate the target market, formulate and effectively implement the sales plan, and finally realize the strategic objectives of the enterprise. 3. Production management In the simulation, the procurement management, production management and quality management of enterprises are all integrated into the field of production management, so a series of decision-making problems behind a series of problems such as new product research and development, material procurement, production operation management and brand building will naturally appear in front of the students, which will cross the professional separation and departmental barriers. Students will make full use of what they have learned, think positively, and acquire new knowledge through continuous success and failure. 4. In the sand table simulation process of financial management, team members will clearly grasp the structure of balance sheet and income statement; Master how capital flow affects profit and loss; Unscramble the overall situation of enterprise management; Predict long-term and short-term capital demand, raise funds in the best way, control financing costs and improve the efficiency of capital use; Understand the influence of cash flow on enterprise operation. 5. Human resource management includes work division, work definition, communication and collaboration, workflow and performance evaluation. In the sand table simulation, after the initial formation and short-term running-in, each team has gradually formed a tacit understanding of the team and completely entered the state of cooperation. In this process, the inefficiency caused by individual struggle, endless arguments caused by ineffective communication, and disorder caused by unclear responsibilities can make students deeply understand that local optimality is not equal to overall optimality and learn to put themselves in their own shoes. Obviously, only when all members of the organization have the same vision, the same performance goals, abide by the corresponding work norms, trust and support each other, can the enterprise succeed. 6. Based on the thinking mode of information management, through ERP sand table simulation, let students really realize the urgency of building enterprise information system. Enterprise information system, like the dashboard on an airplane, can track the running state of enterprises at any time, control and supervise the running process of enterprises, and provide rich available information for enterprise managers in time. Through the experience of sand table informatization, students can feel the implementation process and key points of enterprise informatization, so as to plan enterprise information management system reasonably and pave the way for enterprise informatization in concept and ability. Improving students' comprehensive quality in an all-round way ERP sand table simulation, as an enterprise management simulation teaching system, can also be used for comprehensive quality training, so that students can benefit from the following aspects: 1, and establish the concept of * * *. Competition in the market is fierce and inevitable, but competition does not mean that you live and die. Seeking win-win and win-win with partners is the long-term way for enterprise development. This requires enterprises to understand each other, do a good job in market analysis and competitor analysis, and seek cooperation in competition, so that enterprises will have unlimited development opportunities. 2. Overall concept and teamwork Through the study of ERP sandbox simulation confrontation course, students can deeply understand the importance of teamwork spirit. In a big ship like enterprise operation, the CEO is the helmsman, the CFO is the escort, and the marketing director has the final say ... Here, every role should take the overall optimization of the enterprise as the starting point, perform their duties and cooperate with each other in order to win the competition and achieve the goal. 3. Keeping honesty is the foundation of enterprise's foothold and development. The principle of good faith is embodied in observing the "rules of the game" in the ERP sand mold simulation course, such as the rules of market competition, the rules of capacity calculation, the purchase of production equipment and the handling of specific business such as changing production. Maintaining honesty is the basic quality for students to base themselves on society and develop themselves. 4. Personality and career orientation Every individual exists because he has a different personality, which will be revealed in the ERP sand table simulation confrontation. In group confrontation, some groups are vigorous, some groups are slow and steady, and some groups are at a loss. Although there is a certain correlation between personality characteristics and competent roles, in real life, many people "do a line" not because they "love a line". More often, we need to "do a line" and "love a line". 5. Feeling whether to "give up" or "stick to the end" in life in the face of market cruelty and business risks is not only a problem that an enterprise may face, but also a problem that needs constant choice in life. Running your own life is similar to running a business. Students have achieved a leap from sensibility to rationality in ERP sand table simulation, and experienced a rising process from theory to practice and then to theory, transforming valuable practical experience into a comprehensive theoretical model. With the help of ERP sand table, students can deduce their own business management ideas. Every case analysis based on scenario and enterprise diagnosis based on data analysis will benefit students a lot, thus tempering the sensitivity of enterprise decision-making and improving decision-making ability and long-term planning ability. Advantages of editing this ERP sand table simulation training ERP sand table simulation training comes from military war sand table simulation deduction. The sand table used in the war is a model made of sand, stones, soil and other materials according to a certain proportion according to the topographic map or the actual terrain, which is used by commanders to study the terrain and the enemy's situation, make operational plans, organize and coordinate and implement training. Using sand table to study the war situation has a long history in China. It is recorded in Historical Records of Qin Shihuang: "Mercury is a hundred rivers, and they are hungry for each other. There is astronomy on the top and geography on the bottom." It is said that when Qin Shihuang deployed to destroy the Six Kingdoms, he personally made sand tables to study the geographical situation of various countries, and with the assistance of Reese, he sent general Wang Jian to carry out a unified war. Later, when Qin Shihuang built the mausoleum, he built a large terrain model. Models are not only built with mountains, hills, cities, etc. , also use mercury to simulate rivers and seas, and use mechanical devices to make mercury flow and circulate. It can be said that this is the earliest prototype of sand table, which has a history of more than 2200 years. It is recorded in the Biography of Ma Yuan in the Later Han Dynasty that when Emperor Guangwu conquered local strongmen in Tianshui and Wudu for eight years (AD 32), General Ma Yuan "gathered rice to show the situation", which made Emperor Guangwu feel that he was "in my eyes". This is the precedent of using sand table to study tactics in the history of China War. War sand table deduction has crossed the huge cost obstacle and time and space limitation of training senior generals through actual combat, and has been widely adopted by all countries in the world. Similarly, enterprises are faced with the problem of high training cost when cultivating excellent management talents. Therefore, well-known business schools and management consulting institutions in Britain and America have developed ERP sand table simulation training, a new modern training model. ERP sand table simulation training is different from the traditional classroom indoctrination teaching method. By using unique and intuitive teaching AIDS to simulate the real internal business environment and external competitive environment of enterprises, combined with role-playing, scenario simulation and teacher comments, students can truly experience the management process for several years in the virtual market competitive environment, and make strategic planning and decisive battle in shopping malls. ERP sand table simulation training is favored by Chinese and foreign enterprises and famous universities for its unique and novel training mode and profound and practical training effect. At present, ERP sand table simulation training has become the first choice course for management training of middle and senior managers in most Fortune 500 enterprises. ERP sand table simulation training restores the main process of the enterprise to the whole sand table. Enterprise logistics: placing raw material orders, warehousing raw materials, organizing production, and selling orders; Enterprise capital flow: cash, loans, accounts receivable, labor costs, equipment maintenance, depreciation of fixed assets and other manufacturing expenses, advertising investment, market development, product research and development, ISO certification and other management expenses; Enterprise information flow: market forecast analysis, competitive environment, competitor operation analysis, etc. In ERP sand table simulation training, five to eight students are divided into six groups, and each group represents an enterprise. The main functions of each enterprise are as follows: CEO, president of the company, responsible for making long-term business strategic decisions, making annual business plans, assigning members' roles, coordinating team communication and cooperation, etc. Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is responsible for enterprise fund raising, fund utilization, cost control, cash flow management and financial accounting. Production director, responsible for the formulation of enterprise production strategy, production plan, equipment update plan, etc. ; Purchasing director, responsible for the formulation and implementation of purchasing plan, internal logistics control, etc. Marketing director, responsible for the formulation and implementation of enterprise marketing strategy, new market development plan, new product research and development plan and advertising strategy. Each team has equal capital, equipment and fixed assets. Advertising with cash can win market orders, buy raw materials and new production lines with cash, put into production and complete delivery, get cash from customers, develop new products and markets with cash, and pay employees' wages and taxes with cash. When there is a shortage of funds, you can apply for loans from banks or sell fixed assets. After six years of operation, the successful bidder is finally judged according to the owner's rights and interests of each enterprise. ERP sand table simulation training breaks through the limitations of traditional management training courses, allowing students to experience the whole process of enterprise operation and the limitation of enterprise resources in a series of activities such as formulating strategy, analyzing market, organizing production, overall marketing and financial settlement. Learn, consolidate and master all kinds of management knowledge and skills in the success or failure experience of various decision-making, so as to deeply understand ERP management ideas and comprehend scientific management.