Safety identification management system for residential building construction site?

As China enters a new historical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the demand of residents to improve their living conditions continues to grow, and residential buildings have broad development prospects for a long time. However, due to the construction of residential construction projects, in most cases, it is open-air high-altitude operation, with changeable site conditions, multi-job interchange operation, poor working conditions, and the characteristics of uncertain personnel composition and large mobility; Moreover, due to the high mobility of people in and out of the house during the construction process and at the later stage of construction completion, some property buyers are eager to visit their new houses. The appearance of these situations will bring great difficulties to the safety management of on-site construction. Therefore, in order to reduce or even eliminate casualties and losses in the construction process, it is very necessary to establish a safety identification system at the construction site to ensure people's safety and health. This paper will talk about the safety identification management system of residential building construction site.

1 Characteristics of safety management in residential building construction site

1. 1 Instability of the quality of the construction team

At present, judging from the situation of the construction market, the vast majority of operators are temporary workers and outsourcing workers from rural areas or remote mountainous areas, and their education level is generally low. Most of them have not received professional training and their quality is generally poor. Affected by the length of years, the quality of the construction team and operators is extremely unstable, and the mobility is great, which also causes their own instability. In addition, in reality, some construction contractors, driven by interests, illegally subcontract and recruit some teams and personnel who are incompetent under the condition of poor management and supervision, resulting in a large number of temporary workers with low cultural and technical level and no modern concept of safe production flooding into high-risk construction sites.

1.2 facility management of comprehensive building

Due to the huge volume of building products and huge consumption of materials and manpower, a large number of building materials are concentrated in limited construction sites; There are many construction machines and tools with different functions, such as tower cranes, derricks, scaffolding and other dangerous equipment and facilities, many small and medium-sized machinery types are self-made and assembled, there are no models and special standards, and there are many hand-held mobile tools; Multi-job intensive operators, etc. Moreover, in the construction, it changes the working structure all the time on underground, ground and high-altitude multi-level working faces, and it is an all-round space-time three-dimensional intersection working system. This makes it more difficult for safety production management.

1.3 Complex contractual relationship

The management system of multi-level, multi-industry and multi-department contracting is implemented in construction. Many contractors enter the site at the same time and organize their own operations. Every time the construction site changes, the contractors change, which leads to the instability of the management system and is particularly difficult to coordinate.

1.4 Quality management and safety awareness are prevalent in the construction site.

At present, most construction sites are often not equipped with full-time security officers as required; Or the construction safety knowledge and professional quality of the construction safety officer are poor; Or quality management personnel concurrently serve as quality safety officers, which leads to many vicious accidents of building collapse caused by construction quality. Because building construction safety is dynamic management, focusing on the process; Quality management focuses on results, and construction quality directly affects building quality and safety. Therefore, it is necessary to closely link the safety management of building construction with the quality management of construction, expanding the scope of responsibilities of safety management, and at the same time, it is necessary to link safety management with the management of material quality, process method and process organization, so as to improve the technical difficulty of safety management.

2 the basic principles of safety management in residential construction site

2. 1 Correctly handle five relationships

2. 1. 1 Safety and danger coexist

Security and danger are opposites and interdependent in the movement of the same thing. Because there is danger, it is necessary to carry out safety management and prevent danger. However, in the daily construction process, safety and danger do not coexist in equal amounts and live in peace. With the change of field work, safety and danger are constantly changing, and there is no absolute safety and danger. In order to maintain a safe state of production, we must take various measures, focusing on prevention, effectively controlling the unsafe state of things, putting an end to unsafe behaviors, and correcting and making up for the deficiencies in management, so as to effectively control risks.

2. 1.2 Unity of safety and production

Safety and production are interdependent, and safety is accompanied by production. With security, production can develop continuously and steadily. In the process of building the construction site, as long as the safety is guaranteed, the construction can continue; Without safety, the construction can't be carried out. In the safety management of construction site, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between safety and production, adhere to the viewpoint of unity of opposites, and admit that safety and production have essential and inevitable relations; And there is a difference between safety and production. Only in this way can we truly implement the policy of "safety first, safety first".

2. 1.3 includes safety and quality.

Safety serves quality, and quality needs safety guarantee. Therefore, in the process of construction, the two should be mutually inclusive, interactive and causal.

2. 1.4 Mutual protection of safety and speed

Safety is directly proportional to speed. It is extremely harmful to emphasize speed blindly and ignore safety. When there is a contradiction between speed and safety, the correct way is to slow down temporarily to ensure safety. Speed depends on safety, and safety is speed.

2. 1.5 Balance between safety and benefit

Safety is productivity. Without security, there is no economic benefit. Therefore, in the safety management of building construction, we should not only ensure safe construction production, but also consider the appropriateness of construction investment and the rationality of building materials selection to ensure the consistency of safety and economic benefits.

2.2 adhere to the basic principles of safety management

2.2. 1 Adhere to the synchronous management of production and safety.

Safety lies in production, which plays a role in promoting and ensuring production, and there is a close relationship between them from the perspective of their goals, which is the basis of joint management. Therefore, the construction unit should clarify the safety management responsibilities of all kinds of personnel at all levels and various safety rules and regulations of business scope, establish and implement the responsibility system for safety production of all kinds of personnel at all levels, so as to achieve the safety management goal of managing production and safety at the same time.

2.2.2 Adhere to management by objectives.

The goal of safety management is to effectively control the unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things in the production process, so as to protect the safety and health of construction operators. Therefore, in building construction, we should adhere to the goal of building safety management.

2.2.3 adhere to the policy of "prevention first"

"Safety first, prevention first". In construction safety management, we should carry out the policy of "prevention first", take corresponding management measures in view of possible dangerous factors in construction production, effectively control the development and expansion of unsafe factors, nip possible accidents in the bud, and ensure people's safety and health in production activities.

2.2.4 Safety management focuses on control.

The purpose of safety management is to prevent and eliminate accidents, prevent or eliminate accident injuries, and protect the safety and health of workers, especially to control the state of production factors in the construction process, which is the focus of safety management. Therefore, in the safety management of the construction site, it is necessary to control the unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things in the process to ensure the safety of construction operators.

3. Establish a safety identification management system

3. 1 personal factor accident cause model

The accident cause model of human factors is an accident cause model established in the stage of human cognition and behavior adjustment. Because the focus of construction site safety management is the management of people, and the management of people refers to the management of people's cognition and behavior. Therefore, by establishing the accident cause model of personal factors, it means that accidents can be caused or avoided under the condition of potential danger due to the role of personal factors.

3.2 Safety Identification System

3.2. 1SVI system

Safety Identification (SVI) system is a set of enterprise safety identification system based on industry characteristics, industry safety standards and enterprise characteristics, combined with enterprise safety culture concept, corporate image and other contents, which comprehensively uses all effective visual symbols to create a safe environment atmosphere for enterprises, thus guiding the formation of good behavior patterns of safety habits.

Composition of SVI system

SVI system consists of unified logo, enterprise safety standard color, defined space or media, standardized safety signs, basic information, information transmission channels, clear ideas, copywriting and dependent cultural foundation.

VI function of SVI system

(1) Guide normative behavior: guide the audience's behavior through the spread of visual effects, and let them know under what circumstances and how to do it safely; How to use safety facilities; How to deal with emergencies?

(2) Disseminating safety knowledge: disseminating the most basic safety concepts, the most commonly used safety knowledge and the most practical safety skills to the audience through various forms or carriers.

(3) Supplementing the safety hardware system: We can educate people to correctly use the complete safety hardware system in the construction site by popularizing relevant knowledge to the audience, guiding the code of conduct, and making the safety hardware really play its guarantee role.

(4) With the establishment of 4)SVI system, construction enterprises can convey the safety concept to the audience through visual symbols.

(5) Avoid the repeated definition of safety visual effect by enterprises: Under the premise of standardization, we will combine the safety concept of enterprises to avoid the repeated definition of safety visual effect by enterprises.

(6) Show the safety image of the enterprise: it not only reflects the safety concept and safety management level of the construction enterprise; It also reflects the scientific attitude and humanistic spirit of the enterprise, which is helpful to improve the social status and value of the construction enterprise.

(7) Beautify the enterprise environment: The problem of messy signs, banners and posters in the past was solved, thus beautifying the environment and atmosphere of the construction site.

3.3 Specific measures to establish SYI system in residential buildings

(1) When entering the construction site, all construction units should identify the hazards on the construction site and submit them to the engineering supervision department and the engineering project department in time, which will review, analyze and summarize them, and then distribute them to the project managers of all construction units in a unified way, requiring the prevention of hazards according to unified standards.

(2) The Project Department and the Supervision Department shall formulate a unified standard according to the national standard "Safety Color (GB 2893-200 1)", requiring all construction units to unify the hanging position of safety signs. In addition, the safety management personnel of all construction units should wear uniform safety helmets for easy identification.

(3) Each construction unit shall set up "five signs and one map" at the main entrance of the bid section responsible for construction, and put forward safety management objectives according to their respective conditions, and implement and implement the safety target responsibility system.

(4) Set up safety publicity boards beside the main passages in the residential area to explain the meaning of all safety signs used in the residential area, and draw detailed road traffic maps in the residential area, so that people entering and leaving the residential area can understand some basic safety protection measures, thus eliminating potential safety hazards as much as possible.

(5) Write safety slogans on the construction fences along the main roads in residential areas; Reflect the potential safety hazards and the serious consequences of hazards in the construction site in the form of pictures to remind people entering and leaving the community.

(6) Set up safety bulletin boards in various construction areas of residential areas to analyze the safety production situation at the construction site every month; Summing up experiences and lessons; Announce rewards and punishments for safe production. , in order to better educate the construction personnel.

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