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The trial operation of a ship is an act or ceremony of putting the ship into active service, which can be regarded as a special application of the general concept and practice of project trial operation. The term is most commonly used to put a warship into active service in its national army. The ceremonies involved are usually rooted in hundreds of years of naval tradition.

The naming and launching of the ship endows the hull with its own identity, but there are still many milestones before it is completed and considered ready to be designated as the entrusted ship. Installation and testing of engineering equipment, weapons and electronic systems, kitchens and many other equipment needed to transform the new hull into an operational and habitable warship. Future commanders, ship officials, non-commissioned officers and seafarers will form crew members to report training and intensively familiarize themselves with their new ships.

Before the ship is put into use, the new ship will undergo sea trials to determine any defects that need to be corrected. The preparation and preparation time from naming-launching to trial operation may be as long as three years for nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and as short as twenty days for landing ships during World War II. The American "monitor" famous for the American Civil War was appointed less than three weeks after the launch.

[Editor] United States Navy

The early trial operation of the US Navy did not hold any ceremony. An officer assigned to command a new ship received an order similar to that given to Captain Thomas Truck in 1798:

Sir, I have been ordered by the President of the United States to repair the ship Constellation anchored in Baltimore as soon as possible. Don't waste time transporting the "Stone" into deep water, and take its cannon, ammunition, water, food and supplies. All kinds of reserves-finish the unfinished work, transport her additional sailors and marines, and make all kinds of preparations for her at sea ... This is the clear order of the president, you should do your best to accomplish these goals and make your ship sail in the shortest time as soon as possible.

In Truck's time, the future commander was responsible for supervising the construction details, equipping the ship and recruiting the crew. When a captain decided that his new ship was ready to go to sea, he called the crew on deck, read out his orders, broke the national flag and the unique commissioned pennant, and led to the setting of the watch and the first entry in the log. Therefore, the ship was put into use.

Appointment is not a public matter, unlike baptism and launching ceremony, which is not recorded by newspapers. The first specific mention of the trial operation in the naval archives is 1 1 6/month, 1863, written by Gideon Wells, Minister of the Navy, to all naval shipyards and stations. The minister instructed: "After that, the commanders of the naval shipyard and naval station will inform the Ministry of National Defense through special reports, and the service date of each ship under their respective command will be prepared."

Subsequently, various versions of the navy regulations mentioned the act of handing over the ship, but did not specify the details of the ceremony of handing over the ship. However, through customs and practices, a fairly standard practice has emerged, the main points of which are outlined in the current naval regulations.

The officers and crew of the new ship will gather on the back deck or other suitable places. The naval divisional commander or his representative will formally hand over the ship to the future commander. The handover officer reads the handover instructions, plays the national anthem, raises the national flag and breaks the handover flag. The future commander reads his orders, assumes command and sets the first watch.

Ships assigned to naval areas and coastal bases for local use, such as port tugboats and floating dry docks, are usually not put into use, but are given "service" status. They do fly the national flag, but they don't appoint pennants.

In recent years, commission has become a more open occasion. Guests, including ship sponsors, are often invited to attend, and a famous person may give a speech on trial operation. On May 3, more than 20,000 people witnessed the launching ceremony of the Nimitz aircraft carrier in Norfolk, Virginia. The patron of the aircraft carrier, the daughter of the late Admiral chester nimitz, was introduced, and the President of the United States was the main speaker. Sponsors usually give the first order to the company on board: "staff our ship and bring it back to life!" "

No matter what kind of ship it is, the short but impressive delivery ceremony completed the cycle from naming to launching, making this ship a warship of her country.