The writing background of the beauty of mountains and rivers

1. Translation:

The magnificence of mountains and rivers has been talked about by people since ancient times. The peak reaches into the sky, the clear stream reaches the bottom, and the cliffs on both sides are colorful and complement each other. The lush forests and emerald green bamboos last all seasons. When the morning mist is about to dissipate, the chirping of apes and birds is heard; in the evening, when the sun is about to set, fish swimming in the water compete to jump out of the water. This is truly a paradise on earth! Since Xie Lingyun, no one has been able to appreciate this beautiful landscape.

2. Introduction:

Author

Tao Hongjing, courtesy name Tongming, lived in seclusion in Huayang in his later years. He was a native of Moling, Danyang (now Nanjing), and was born in the third year of the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of the Southern Song Dynasty (AD 456). year), died in the second year of Datong of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty (AD 536), lived eighty-one years, and experienced the three dynasties of Song, Qi and Liang in the Southern Dynasties. He was another famous alchemist and medical expert in ancient my country after Ge Hong.

When Tao Hongjing was young, his family was not well-off, but he loved learning, "reading more than ten thousand volumes", and had the spirit of "not knowing anything, feeling deeply ashamed". According to the biography of "Southern History", when he was young, he often "used Ogi as a pen and painted gray to learn calligraphy", and developed good calligraphy. He was very good at cursive and official writing, and his running script was even more wonderful. . In his youth, he was recruited by Prime Minister Xiao Daocheng (later proclaimed emperor, Emperor Qi Gao) to serve as an attendant to the kings and serve in the palace.

When Tao Hongjing was a child, he once read "The Legend of Immortals" written by Ge Hong, and was greatly affected. From then on, he had the idea of ????learning from immortals to maintain health. So when he was thirty-seven years old (the 10th year of Emperor Yongming of Qi Dynasty, 492 AD), he resigned from his official position and lived in seclusion in Maoshan, Jurong (in today's Jiangsu Province). He continued to study knowledge, practice Taoism and refine alchemy, and traveled to famous mountains to explore elixir. Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, Xiao Yan, moved to Dongjian where he accumulated gold in the fourth year of Tianjian (505 AD).

Tao Hongjing was knowledgeable and accomplished in many aspects. He made certain contributions in medicine, alchemy, astronomy, geography, biology, mathematics, etc. For example, he once built the astronomical instrument "Huntian Xiang" that can demonstrate celestial phenomena. And his greatest contribution was in medicine. He summarized the development of drug knowledge in the hundreds of years since the publication of "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" and compiled seven volumes of "Compendium of Materia Medica", which plays an important role in the history of the development of materia medica.

Who is "The Beauty of Mountains and Rivers" written to? What is the content?

Many of Tao Hongjing's works have not been handed down. Judging from the existing historical data, he made contributions to many fields of natural science and was one of the famous scientists in ancient my country. His diligent and studious spirit is worth learning from.

"Thank you Zhongshu" is a letter written by Tao Hongjing to his friend Xie Zhongshu.

The article starts with emotion: The beauty of mountains and rivers has been talked about since ancient times. Only those with elegant feelings can appreciate the beauty of mountains and rivers. It is a great joy in life to communicate inner feelings with friends. The author regards Xie Zhongshu as a friend who can talk about mountains and rivers, and at the same time he also hopes to stand shoulder to shoulder with Lin Quan, a master of the past and present. In the next ten sentences, the author uses clear and solemn brushwork to describe the beautiful mountain scenery in detail. "The peak reaches the clouds, and the clear stream reaches the bottom." He tried his best to describe the height of the mountain and the purity of the water. With a concise pen and only eight characters, he wrote two perspectives of looking up and looking down. The three scenes of white clouds, high mountains and flowing water create a fresh state of mind. "The stone walls on both sides of the strait are in five colors. Green forests and green bamboos are available in all seasons." It is also used from a flat and high perspective to look far into the distance. The green bamboos and colorful rocks set off, presenting a splendid scene. The refreshing and pleasant picture adds vitality to all things. "The fog is about to break at dawn, and the apes and birds are chirping wildly; the sunset is about to fade, and the sunken scales are jumping up and down." This is a transition from a quiet scene to a description of a moving scene. The chirping of apes and birds reached my ears through the dissipating mist in the early morning; in the afterglow of the setting sun, fish competed in the water. These four sentences add a sense of agility to the picture and convey the breath of life through the activities of creatures in two specific time periods, morning and evening. The author selected representative scenery and combined these ten sentences to give readers a complete and unified impression of the mountains and rivers.

Finally, the article ends with emotion, "The Fairyland of Real Desire", this is really a fairyland on earth! Since Xie Lingyun, no one has been able to appreciate its beauty, but the author can find endless fun in it. I feel proud and look forward to being on par with Mr. Xie, which is beyond words. Wang Guoweiyun: "All scenery language is love language." When describing scenery in this article, it does not just stop at the scenery itself, but captures the soul of the scenery, that is, the vitality of all natural things. Through the changes in height, distance, movement and stillness, the vision and hearing are The three-dimensional feeling is used to convey the joy of life that integrates with nature, and reflects the author's interest in loving nature and retreating to the woods and springs. The text is clear and unobtrusive.

Xie Lingyun

A poet from the Song Dynasty in Southern China. A native of Yangxia, Chenjun (now Taikang, Henan). Born in Shining, Kuaiji (now Shangyu, Zhejiang). Because he was fostered in the Du family in Qiantang since he was a child, his baby name was Ke'er, and he was known as Xie Ke in the world. And because he was the grandson of Xie Xuan, he was granted the title of Duke Kang Le during the Jin Dynasty, so he was also called Xie Kang Le. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, he served as the great Sima Xing of King Dewen of Langya and joined the army, the secretary of Liu Yi, the governor of Yuzhou, joined the army, and the Taiwei of Liu Yu, the general of the Beifu army, joined the army. After entering the Song Dynasty, because Liu Yu adopted a policy of suppressing the gentry, he was demoted to Marquis of Kangle and served as the prefect of Yongjia and the internal history of Linchuan. In the tenth year of Yuanjia (433), he was killed by Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty (Liu Yilong) on ??the charge of "treason". Xie Lingyun came from a well-known family and was talented, but his official career was bumpy. In order to get rid of his political troubles, Xie Lingyun often wandered around the mountains and rivers to explore the wonders and sights. Most of Xie Lingyun's poems describe the natural scenery and scenic spots where he visited, such as Yongjia, Kuaiji, Pengli and other places. There are many beautiful lines about nature and freshness, such as writing about spring, "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willows in the garden turn into songbirds" ("Climbing the Pond and Going Upstairs"); about autumn scenery, "The wilderness and the sandy shore are pure, and the sky is high and the moon is bright in autumn" ("Early to the County"). "); write about winter scenes, "The bright moon shines on the snow, the new wind is strong and sad" ("Twilight"), etc., depicting natural scenery from different angles, giving people a beautiful enjoyment. Although Xie Lingyun's poems are full of famous lines, they are rarely good overall. Most of his poems and essays are half descriptions of scenery and half mysteries, and still have the tail of metaphysical poetry. But despite this, Xie Lingyun greatly enriched and opened up the realm of poetry with his creations, making the description of landscapes independent from metaphysical poetry, thus reversing the style of metaphysical poetry since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and establishing the status of landscape poetry. Since then, landscape poetry has become a genre in the history of Chinese poetry.

Xie Lingyun also wrote more than 10 poems, among which "Ode to Mountain Residence", "Ode to Lingbiao" and "Ode to Concubine Jiang" are relatively famous. Their depictions of scenery are quite original, but their achievements are far less than those of poetry. Xie Lingyun believed in Buddhism in his early years. He annotated the Vajra Prajna Sutra and polished the Mahaparinirvana Sutra. He also wrote the famous philosophical text "Bian Zong Lun" which explains sudden enlightenment. Xie Lingyun was also ordered to compose the "Book of Jin" during the Yuanjia period. The "Book of Sui Dynasty" recorded 36 volumes, which has been lost. "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" also recorded 19 volumes of "Xie Lingyun Collection", which has been lost. Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty compiled 2 volumes of "Xie Kanggong Collection" and included it in "Collection of One Hundred and Three Families of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties". There is also "Xie Kangle Collection" compiled by Li Xianji and Jiao Hong in the Ming Dynasty. Huang Jie, a recent scholar, also wrote "Notes on Xie Kangle's Poems" and so on.