Three-dimensional (mechanical) detailed data collection

Three-dimensional one-finger coordinate measuring machine refers to an instrument that can display geometric shape, length and circumferential indexing measurement ability in a hexahedral space, also known as coordinate measuring machine or coordinate measuring bed. A three-coordinate measuring instrument can be defined as "an instrument with a detector that can move in three directions and on three mutually perpendicular guide rails.". The detector transmits signals in a contact or non-contact manner, and the three-axis displacement measurement system (such as an optical ruler) calculates the coordinates (x, y, z) of each point of the workpiece through a data processor or computer and measures various functions. " The measuring function of three-coordinate measuring instrument should include dimensional accuracy, positioning accuracy, geometric accuracy and contour accuracy. Three-dimensional also refers to three-dimensional space. For details, please visit 3D Space or 3D entry.

Basic Introduction Chinese Name: 3D mbth: 3D Alias: 3D other meaning: CMM Origin: 65438+1960s Classification: Cartesian Coordinate System, Joint Coordinate System Necessary Tools: Image 3D, C 3D, etc. Abbreviations: CMM history introduction, operation, steps, precautions, selection method, classification, rectangular coordinate system, joint coordinate system, other classifications, advantages, functions, application fields and basic information. A few decades ago, three-coordinate measuring instruments were little known in the industry. Since the 1960s, due to the development of electronics, computers and sensors, the functions and applications of three-coordinate measuring instruments have been greatly improved, enabling the manufacturing industry to meet the measurement requirements of high quality, high efficiency and multifunction. During the period of 192 1- 1930, the universal measuring microscope and the tool microscope could not measure the Z axis. 1940, the three-coordinate length measuring instrument came out for the first time. The standard ruler was read with naked eyes and compared with the microscope. The CMM is actually manufactured between 1950 and 1960, but it still reads with naked eyes, so it needs skilled technicians to operate it. 1960 years later, the British National Engineering Laboratory and the National Physics Laboratory jointly developed a numerical reading method using linear grating and Murray fringe, which is the three-coordinate measuring instrument used today. The minimum reading of each axis movement can reach 0.00 1mm, and then it is applied by computer. Because the design of computer software is interactive and easy to use, the use of three-coordinate measuring instrument has become an indispensable tool for modern industrial measurement. Since 1980s, many companies, such as Zeiss, Lai Ci, DEA, LK, Sanfeng, SIP, Ferranti and Moore, have continuously introduced new products, which has accelerated the development of CMM. Modern CMM can not only complete all kinds of complicated measurements under the control of computer, but also control machining by exchanging information with CNC machine tools, and can also realize reverse engineering according to measured data. Operating steps 1. Establish three coordinates (the system defaults to one). 2. Check the coordinates with standard parts. 3. Select the geometric elements on the measured workpiece. 4. Measure geometric elements. 5. Collect data and information. 6. Convert data into images. Precautions 1. When the probe contacts the workpiece, it should be as vertical as possible to the measured surface of the workpiece. When actually touching this point, the included angle with the vertical plane should be kept at least within 30. So as to prevent poor repetition accuracy of measurement caused by probe sliding. Then the accuracy of the data is achieved through the probe compensation of the system. 2. Pay attention to the effective length of the probe, so as to avoid large measurement error caused by insufficient length. Selection method To select the three-dimensional three-coordinate size, we must first select the three-dimensional (three-coordinate) model size from the measured product size. For example, the general model sizes are: NC654, NC765, NC865, NC 1077, NCL 1297, NCL 15 107, NCL. Description of model size name: For example, the letter before NC654 indicates the model, and the letter after NC 654 indicates that the XYZ three-axis effective stroke is: X=600mm, Y=500mm, Z = 400 mm ... Select the three-dimensional three-coordinate model. Different three-dimensional (three-coordinate) models have different accuracy levels. NC series-fully automatic 3D NCL series-large-scale fully automatic 3D NCF series-high-precision fully automatic 3D NC with laser scanning composite test fully automatic 3D NCG series-ultra-large-scale workpiece 3D three-coordinate fully automatic 3D selection probe system is the contact detection part of three-coordinate and tool, which is used to measure products. MCP simple probe MH20I multi-angle manual adjustment probe PH 10T multi-angle automatic adjustment probe. MCP simple probe has limited function and low price, and is often used in mobile phones. MH20I multi-angle manual adjustment probe can meet the requirements of automatic three-coordinate measurement, and its price is lower than that of PH 10T probe, so it is used for short-stroke automatic three-dimensional measurement. PH 10T multi-angle automatic adjustment probe can automatically adjust the angle with high efficiency, and is generally used for three-dimensional long-distance travel of more than one meter. Three-dimensional and three-dimensional coordinates can also add other measurement modules, such as adding laser scanning module, which can realize laser replication in reverse design. Adding an image module can realize 2D image measurement. Generally speaking, if all these three functions are added up, complex reverse measurement design can be realized. The classified rectangular coordinate system includes line drawing machine, cantilever type and bridge type; Joint coordinate system The joint coordinate measuring machine adopts differential coordinate system. This type of measuring probe moves along the surface of the workpiece, which will lead to the change of joint angle. The angular displacement of each axis is measured by the decoder, and the displacement of each axis can be obtained by the homogeneous conversion formula of joint coordinates. (Generally, the names on the market are: image 3D, C 3D, image 3D, economical 3D, optical image measuring instrument, gantry 3D, C full-automatic long-stroke 3D, non-contact 3D, optical coordinate measuring machine, coordinate measuring machine, 3D coordinate, optical 3D, probe 3D, economical manual coordinate measuring machine, high-precision automatic coordinate measuring machine, metrological coordinate measuring machine, 3D. Other classifications (2-D measuring instrument, 3-D measuring instrument, 3-D measuring instrument, 3-D measuring instrument of moving bridge, 3-D measuring instrument of fixed bridge) Actually, 3-D measuring instrument can be divided into contact coordinate measuring instrument and non-contact coordinate measuring instrument according to whether it touches the surface of workpiece or not. The contact coordinate measuring machine with air bearing and probe is also introduced. Non-contact coordinate measuring machine refers to the precise mapping of three-dimensional images in China's market. Advantages Mechanically speaking, the advantages of coordinate measuring machine (3D) are: 1. The key to scientific and technological progress-CMM makes CMM practical and has many measuring functions. Air bearing, which adopts air bearing on the motion surface of each coordinate axis to make the probe move smoothly and accurately; Optical linear ruler, with the three-line optical linear ruler installed on the machine tool coordinate system, can obtain the coordinate measurement value very accurately; Computer equipment, coordinate measuring machine use calculation method to obtain measurement results, data processor and measurement software have increased the function of coordinate measuring machine. 2. The advantages of coordinate measuring machine are as follows: a. The probe can move along the three axes of X, Y and Z in space, and their positions are expressed by rectangular coordinates or polar coordinates. B, you can measure the five faces of the workpiece cube without changing the position of the workpiece, and you can also measure the sixth face if you install appropriate fixtures and special probes. C, coordinate measuring machine operation and measurement can be competent without special technology. D, the origin of the working coordinate system can be set at any position, and the measurement result can be calculated by indirect main algorithm, which increases the measurement function and flexibility. E, quickly and accurately calculate the measured value with the computer data processor, and cooperate with the teaching program to automate the measurement of the coordinate measuring machine. F, replace the traditional measurement method to improve the inspection accuracy. For high-precision products, it can be 100% inspected. G, can accurately measure complex workpieces and workpieces with high measurement difficulty. Greatly reduce the inspection time, inspection cost and inspection manpower, and improve the measurement efficiency. Function 1, CNC electric desktop: (Control the workbench with software functions to increase the convenience of operators) 2. CNC automatic measurement: the product size can be automatically measured according to the program set by customers, and the measured values can be automatically transferred to Excel to generate statistical reports. 3.SPC data conversion (process capability analysis): The measured data can be output to Excel for analysis. 4. Input of standard engineering drawings in AutoCAD: The standard engineering drawings in AutoCAD can be directly input into the images of drawing software, so that the AutoCAD engineering drawings overlap with the actual workpiece shapes for comparison, thus finding out the difference between the workpiece and the engineering drawings. 5. The graphics are exported to AutoCAD and straightened automatically: according to the actual workpiece shape, the graphics depicted in the real-time image can be set according to the actual needs and straightened during transmission. 6. Automatic line drawing and circle drawing: The software can automatically grab the most accurate line or circle in a certain range without manual line drawing or circle drawing. 8. Scan the shape of the workpiece as an action diagram: it becomes an action diagram in the form of the origin (shape diagram). If you use the mouse, the workbench will automatically move what you click to the center of the screen. 9.JPEG image input: JPEG images stored in previous photos can be input, and actual artifacts in real-time images can be superimposed and compared. 10, bird's-eye view: you can observe the full graphics of the workpiece, and it has the zoom function similar to AutoCAD. 1 1. Aerial view annotation: dimensions can be marked in the aerial view. 12. Customized circle: the standard drawing can be customized according to the customer's requirements (the customer defines the center coordinates, diameter and radius of the circle). Then the standard circle in the image is overlapped and compared with the workpiece, so as to find out the error between the workpiece and the standard figure. 13. Custom line segment: the customer defines the starting point coordinates, length and rotation angle of the line segment, and then compares it with the workpiece in the image to find out the error between the workpiece and the standard drawing. 14. Direct drawing: When the workbench is directly moved to draw lines, circles and arcs with the crosshair as the center, not only can graphics be directly generated in AutoCAD, but also graphics with the same shape and position can be generated in the images of plotter software. 15. Customize customer coordinates: You can set the coordinate origin (0,0) on the actual workpiece in the real-time image according to the customer's own needs, and then mark the X and Y coordinate positions of the point on the screen based on the (0,0) point. 16. Coordinate marking: mark the coordinate position of any point on the map according to the coordinate origin (0,0) set by yourself. 17, patented r angle function: it is an accurate r angle method for aircraft on the market at present. 18, measurement: any geometric dimension on the plane (angle, diameter, radius, distance from point to line, eccentricity of circle, distance between two circles, etc.). ) is measurable. 20. Automatically grab every node of a graphic straight line: you can automatically grab the starting point, midpoint and end point of a straight line, the intersection point of two straight lines, the center of the circle and three nodes on the circumference, which are used to assist in application functions such as labeling and drawing. 2 1, the product outline can be traced back to AutoCAD to form engineering drawings, which are widely used in automobile, electronics, machinery, automobile, aviation, military industry, mold and other industries, such as box, rack, gear, cam, worm, blade, curved surface, hardware, plastic and other industries, and can be used to measure the size, shape and shape of workpieces. Basic information introduction VMC is a high-precision automatic image measuring instrument, which embodies the most cutting-edge scientific research achievements in machinery, control, software and other related fields. On the basis of VMP, the measurement accuracy is further improved, and the performance index directly hits the international high-end brands. It is an automatic image measuring instrument with high precision and stable performance in China. Features ◆ High-end configuration, ultra-precision automatic measurement and four-axis numerical control; ◆ Three-axis THK precision linear slide rail and precision transmission system; ◆ Renishaw open grating ruler with high precision and good stability; ◆ Navitar automatic zoom optical lens, which can realize automatic zoom measurement; ◆ Full mouse and handle operation, easy to use; Programmable 6-ring and 8-zone annular surface light source, LED contour light source and coaxial light source; ◆ Automatic focus height measurement with contact probe; ◆ Vispec automatic image measurement software (high-end version); ◆ Provide various stroke specifications, such as 222, 322, 332, 432, 442, 542, etc. Working Principle CMM is a universal digital measuring device based on coordinate measurement. Firstly, it transforms the measurement of each measured geometric element into the measurement of the coordinate position of some point sets on these geometric elements. After measuring the coordinate positions of these points, the size and shape and position errors are calculated according to the spatial coordinate values of these points through mathematical operation. This working principle of CMM makes it universal and flexible. In principle, it can measure any parameter of any geometric element of any workpiece. CMM coordinate analogy 3D = spatial coordinate system (X axis, Y axis, Z axis)