Common sense memory

1. What is shorthand knowledge?

Shorthand computer shorthand can record language quickly and completely, and has become an indispensable content for meetings, negotiations, interrogation records, etc. Some excellent computers Not only are companies scrambling for stenographers, but there are also many opportunities to find extra money. Therefore, computer stenography has become a new target for training for many students and employees. A computer stenography training institution in Guangzhou said that the number of students has doubled in the past year.

At present, in order to input language and text into the computer in the office, the main methods are "keyboard input", "text recognition", "handwriting input" and "speech recognition". However, converting a large amount of voice and video data into text and inputting it into a computer requires a lot of manual operations, so computer shorthand came into being.

Only by being fast and accurate can you be competitive. "It is not easy to find a job after graduating from a bachelor's degree, let alone us." Xiao Wang is a technical secondary school student. In order to increase her employment chips, she passed the secretarial degree after school , accounting, computer, Japanese and other qualifications, she has learned computer shorthand in the past six months. She said that although shorthand recording is fast, the contents of a half-day meeting speech cannot be compiled in two or three hours.

This kind of shorthand is faster than typing with Wubi font, has a lower error rate, and is not so tiring. "Computer stenographers who can type 200 words per minute often have a hard time finding a job, but people who can type 240 words per minute are eager to find jobs."

Mao Tianxiao, general manager of Guangzhou Yawei Stenography Technology Development Company, said. Interviewing Mr. Yawei Shorthand Mao was an easy task because there was a shorthand student named Xiao Li nearby who recorded our conversation instantly.

I saw her fingers moving quickly on the stenography machine with only three rows of keyboards, and the conversation content instantly turned into text and appeared on the computer screen. Mr. Mao said that some outstanding students often have the opportunity to get hired. Generally, half a day of shorthand can earn 200 yuan.

Xiao Wang recently successfully applied for the position of secretary to the chairman of a private school. During the recruitment process, her conditions were not outstanding, but she "defeated" seventy or eighty competitors and became the only lucky one. Her secret weapon was to bring a stenographic machine, CD and connecting cable with her when applying. , "performed" a "good show" of shorthand on the spot, which frightened the interviewers at that time, and finally got the position.

According to her, the current salary is basically about 3,500 yuan, plus bonuses, which is much better than the salary of a few hundred yuan when she worked as a secretary in Huangshi, Hubei. Persistence can break through bottlenecks. According to Mao Tianxiao, the obvious advantage of computer shorthand is "fastness and accuracy". Teacher Sun from their school once recorded a famous reporter from Phoenix TV in Jiangmen and tested it with a stopwatch. The famous speaker's The speaking speed was very fast, reaching an average of 267 words/minute, but Teacher Sun still recorded the whole process.

Teacher Sun’s accuracy rate reaches about 97. It takes one year to complete a complete computer shorthand training process. Excellent students can record at a speed of more than 260 words per minute, with an accuracy rate of more than 95%.

It only takes about half a month for the teacher to teach the textbook. The rest of the time is for the students to practice continuously, and the teacher is by his side from time to time to provide on-site guidance and standardization of the students' fingering or sitting postures. It is understood that among the students who have participated in the shorthand training class, about 20% are school students, with a large number of high school students and university undergraduates coming to participate in the training.

Xiao Chen is a second-year student at CUHK. He attends school during the day and comes to learn shorthand at night. There is also a student from a university in Jiangxi, Xiao Hu, who studied medicine. After studying medicine for two years, he found that he was becoming less and less interested in the major. By chance, Xiao Hu saw computer shorthand information on the Internet and simply took a break from school. In 2006, I came to Guangzhou to participate in shorthand training.

However, the learning process of computer shorthand is not easy. Xiao Li said that not many people can persist in completing the one-year course. Since it requires sitting for a long time to practice typing skills, many people find it very boring.

Another more important reason is that when the typing speed reaches about 150 words per minute, you will encounter a "bottleneck" that is difficult to break through, so many people lose confidence and give up halfway, and After the breakthrough, this "bottleneck" will appear many times and will not disappear until the speed reaches 240 words and the accuracy reaches above 95. It turns out that people use a cutting-edge shorthand symbol - handwritten shorthand.

Handwritten shorthand uses simple shorthand symbols to express language characters. Its speed is generally two to three times, or even four to five times faster than Chinese characters, thus greatly shortening the time and improving efficiency. With the development of modern society, people have begun to use a cutting-edge device-Chinese stenorecorder.

It is a computer shorthand keyboard whose speed tracks language and thought. Because recording is fast, it also affects the speed of thinking and action.

Therefore, the rhythm of activities here is fast and timely, in line with the requirements of modern society that "time is money, efficiency is life". .

2. Methods for memorizing literary common sense

1. Threading the needle and threading the thread

Scattered literary common sense is like a bunch of needles that are not threaded well. A thread connects them, and these literary common sense appear to be very systematic. This thread can be time, space, style, content, etc. For example, when memorizing the history of ancient Chinese literature, you can use the content as a clue and use this thread to connect the needles of the literary phenomena of each dynasty. Please see the picture below.

Verse category: Book of Songs - Songs of Chu - Yuefu Folk Songs - Tang Poems - Song Ci - Yuan Opera

Prose Category: Shangshu - Pre-Qin Prose - Six Dynasties Tao Yuanming Prose - -Eight great masters of poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties -Three great masters of poetry and prose in the early Ming Dynasty (Song Lian, Liu Ji, Gao Qi) -The Tang and Song Dynasty School in the middle Ming Dynasty (Gui Youguang) -The Gong'an School in the late Ming Dynasty (Three Yuan) -The Tongcheng School in the Qing Dynasty (Yao Nai, Fang Bao, Liu Dakui)

Whenever you want to memorize literary common sense, first pull a long thread and pass it through needle by needle. Which needle (works of dynasty writers) cannot be penetrated? When it's over, stop and examine the cause carefully. Once you've patched up what needs to be done, you can continue wearing it. This way you can check your memory at any time quickly.

2. Association method

Association is the psychological process of thinking from one thing to another. For example, when I remember Qu Yuan, I think of his work "Li Sao" from Qu Yuan, and because "Li Sao" is the source of Chinese romantic literature, I think of the three great masters of Western romanticism: Shelley, Hugo, and Byron. In this way, a lot of knowledge can be memorized in a more systematic way. Frequent memorization in this way is also conducive to improving the ability of association.

3. The method of accumulating a little makes a lot

Literary common sense has a lot of content and covers a wide range of areas. It is impossible to write it all down in a short time. Psychology believes that memory consists of four links: memorization, retention, recall and recognition. Problems in any link will affect the quality of memory. We can’t remember because we don’t retain it well. How can we retain it well? There is a famous forgetting curve in psychology, which tells us that forgetting is faster in the first period after memorization, and then forgetting gradually slows down and stabilizes at a level. Therefore, to maintain the content of memorization, we should promptly forget it after memorization. review. The accumulation method is actually a small cycle review method. Because we need to review constantly, the amount of new content to be memorized will not be much. We can break all the literary common sense that needs to be memorized into parts and distribute it in various time periods. For example, use one or two months to memorize the history of Chinese literature ( You can memorize one or two writers or several works every day in order of dynasties), use one month to memorize the history of foreign literature, and then another month for the second round of review. During each day's review, first recall the content of the previous day. , and then memorize new content, such a big cycle is followed by a small cycle, until before the college entrance examination, you are not afraid of not being able to remember the literary knowledge that needs to be memorized.

4. Oral formula method

We usually have this experience when reciting poetry: the article is slow to memorize, but the poetry is catchy to read because of its clear rhythm and harmonious melody. It is much easier to recite.

We can compile the literary common sense to be memorized into "rhymes". These formulas should pay attention to rhyme and should also be condensed literary common sense. After memorizing a few sentences, a lot of knowledge should be memorized. In addition, the works of writers that are easily confused are compiled into "fixed combinations" in the formula. Look at the following example:

It is not difficult to memorize common knowledge about literature. There are tips to help you remember it clearly. Let’s talk about domestic writers’ works first.

Confucius, Mencius and Xunqing were the scholars of the pre-Qin period. "The Analects of Confucius" and "Mencius" are the four books listed. Lao and Zhuang Wuwei, "Morality" and "Xiaoyao". Qu Zichu's Ci, "Nine", "Nine", "Li" and "Heaven".

Among the literary poems of the Han Dynasty, Jia Yi is the first to write. Liu Xiang Sima, "Zhan", "Chu" and "Historical Records". Ban Gu's "Book of Han" opened the dynasty.

During Wei, Jin and Jian'an, San Cao was in the lead. My father has Yuefu, "Turtle", "Artemisia" and "Guan". Cao Pi's "Yan Ge" and "Dian Lun" were criticized; Zijian built the foundation in seven steps and five words.

...

"The Complete Works of Lu Xun", a prolific author. There are three novels, "Wandering", "Scream", Old Things Retold, and "New Stories".

In addition to "Blessing", all middle school textbooks include "Scream". One part of prose is "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening", plus "Wild Grass", which is slightly poetic. Essay 16, "Hot Wind" and "Grave", two episodes of "Huagai", "Just" and "Three Leisures", "Two Hearts", "Southern and Northern Dialects", "Pseudo Free Letter", "Quasi Feng Yue Tan", three "Qie" 2 "Collection", literary lace.

…

These formulas are catchy to read and are much easier to remember.

3. How to memorize the general knowledge part

How to better memorize and review the general knowledge part of the civil service examination. There are many things that need to be memorized. To prepare for the general knowledge part of the civil service exam, candidates must not only accumulate rich knowledge In addition to knowledge, it is also important to master problem-solving skills, which can improve the efficiency of candidates' preparation for the exam.

For candidates who are not majoring in law, legal questions have always been a place where points are lost. After carefully studying the question direction and proposition characteristics of the legal questions in the general knowledge part of the civil service examination, the famous education teacher summarized the following three problem-solving techniques, hoping to help candidates improve the speed and accuracy of answering questions.

1. Principle Judgment Method Principle Judgment Method means that when everyone has insufficient legal knowledge, they use the basic behavioral norms in life to make judgments based on the basic principles of the creation, operation and development of things. A way to solve the problem. The economic base determines the superstructure. Most laws originate from the social environment in which they exist and from people's daily lives. Their formulation more closely follows people's daily behavioral norms and is in line with the basic principles of how things operate in society today.

As members of society, we are no strangers to these social norms, so when answering questions, we might as well apply these basic life principles to find the correct answers. Example: The illegal activities that may be involved in the production and sale of counterfeit mobile phones do not include ( ).

A. Imitate the brand’s best-selling mobile phones, infringing on intellectual property rights B. Product quality is difficult to guarantee, infringing on consumer rights C. Manufacturers and sellers evade taxes, harming national interests D. Spreading obscene text messages, causing spiritual and cultural pollution Analysis : The question is about the possible illegal activities during the production and sale of counterfeit mobile phones that do not include the behaviors listed in the alternatives. It is common sense to know that a copycat mobile phone is a mobile phone produced by a manufacturer that does not have its own technology and is a replica of a branded phone without an official mobile phone license.

The characteristic is that the price is low and the functions cannot be guaranteed. Since it is an imitation, the production and sale of counterfeit mobile phones may involve illegal activities, including infringement of intellectual property rights, so option A does not meet the requirements of the question.

The quality of the products in item B is difficult to guarantee, and it is reasonable to infringe on consumer rights. Item C is not selected because copycat mobile phone manufacturers do not have official mobile phone licenses. In order to maximize profits, tax evasion and tax evasion often occur.

Therefore, the answer to this question is D. Famous education teachers believe that as long as we are good at thinking and use the basic rules of conduct in our lives and the basic principles of the operation of things, legal problems can still be solved.

Of course, what the famous education teachers provide is only a technique, and the purpose is limited to helping the candidates to answer the questions faster. If you have enough time, you still need to master the basic legal knowledge carefully. 2. The law in absolute words The law in absolute words means that among the options of the question, there are relatively absolute words such as "all", "all", "any", etc. If you choose the wrong option, this item will be multiplied. is the correct answer; if you choose the correct option, you can directly eliminate it, and the correct answer will be generated among the remaining options.

In this type of questions where you need to choose the correct option, there will usually be one or two options that contain absolute words. Candidates can directly skip such options and look for the correct answer in other options. Which of the following statements about state administrative agencies is correct ( ).

A. The statutory meeting format of the State Council is divided into the plenary meeting of the State Council, the executive meeting of the State Council and the office meeting of the Prime Minister of the State Council. B. National administrative agencies at all levels have the right to impose administrative penalties. C. Administrative litigation follows the principle of inversion of the burden of proof. , therefore, the entire burden of proof shall be borne by the administrative agency. D. If a civil servant of a national administrative agency is sentenced to a criminal penalty, he shall be dismissed. Analysis: Among the four options, options B and C respectively include "all" and "all" which are absolute. Words, we can exclude them directly. Option A is difficult to determine. Looking at option D, since a civil servant has been sentenced to a penalty, his behavior has been restricted and he cannot work normally. Moreover, if a staff member of a national administrative agency violates the criminal law, the most severe punishment will be given. Internal processing, expulsion is inevitable.

Therefore the correct answer is D. 3. The most serious selection method The most serious selection method refers to the four situations in which the four options of the question belong to the same category. It is generally applicable to criminal law examination questions.

Famous education teachers believe that even if candidates have no legal basis, they can still use common sense to infer which of the options has the most serious consequences, such as death or the most serious losses. Based on this, choose the one with the most serious circumstances or consequences as the correct answer. Example: Wang robbed Zhang with a dagger. During the fight, Wang hit his head on the corner and fell unconscious, and the dagger fell to the ground.

Upon seeing this, Zhang picked up the dagger and stabbed Wang in the heart several times, causing Wang's death. Regarding Zhang's behavior of stabbing Wang to death with a dagger, which of the following statements is correct ( ).

A. It is a legitimate defense, and you are not criminally responsible. B. It is an accident, and you are not criminally responsible. C. It is excessive defense, and you should be criminally responsible. D. It is intentional homicide, and you should be criminally responsible. Analysis: The four options are all qualitative expressions of Zhang’s behavior. Option D is the most qualitative, and the correct answer is D. The most serious selection method is a method that can be used as a reference when everyone is really not sure about the answer.

A firm grasp of basic knowledge and a stable exam mentality are the best ways to successfully win the exam. Above, famous education teachers have provided candidates with three common sense judgment problem-solving skills, which can help candidates quickly master methods to deal with common sense judgment problems.

But if you don’t want to lose points in the common sense judgment part, it is not enough to master the skills. During the preparation for the exam, candidates should pay special attention to accumulating knowledge in all aspects to make their knowledge reserves richer and more substantial! Analysis of proposition trends in the general knowledge part of the 2014 National Civil Service Examination. The number of questions in the common sense judgment part will tend to be stable. Current political hot spots and the application of scientific and technological common sense are new trends in propositions. Analyzing the real test questions of the National Civil Service Examination in the past two years, the conclusion is that: conventional test points such as economics, law, geography, science and technology, and humanities will still be the focus of the common sense judgment part, and the proportion of such subject knowledge will be increased in future examinations. tends to be stable.

At the same time, we do not rule out questions that combine current political hot topics with technology and culture to carry out complex comprehensive propositions, such as asking you "It took two seconds for a bear to fall from a 20-meter-high tree to the ground." , what color is it?” Such a relatively complex question. I wish you good results in the written examination and a smooth landing.

4. How to use psychological knowledge to promote memory efficiency

10 ways to enhance memory: 1. When concentrating on memory, you only need to concentrate and concentrate, and eliminate distracting thoughts and external interference. The cerebral cortex will leave deep memory traces and will not be easily forgotten. If you are distracted and multitasking, your memory efficiency will be greatly reduced. 2. Strong interest. If you are uninterested in learning materials and knowledge objects, no matter how much time you spend, It is also difficult to remember. 3. Understanding and memory. Understanding is the basis of memory. Only things that are understood can be remembered for a long time. It is not easy to remember only by rote memorization. For important learning content, if you can understand and recite Combined, the memory effect will be better. 4. Over-learning means to memorize the learning materials several times on the basis of memorizing them to achieve the level of memorization and retention. 5. The speed of timely review and forgetting is first fast and then slow. To strike while the iron is hot and review and consolidate the knowledge you have just learned in a timely manner is an effective means to strengthen memory traces and prevent forgetting. 6. Frequently recalling and trying to recall when studying can correct memory errors, make up for omissions, and make learning more efficient. Difficult content will be remembered more firmly. Frequent recall of past memorized objects in leisure time can also avoid forgetting. 7. Audio-visual combination can simultaneously use the functions of language and visual and auditory organs to strengthen memory and improve memory efficiency. It is more effective than silent reading alone Much better. 8. A variety of methods according to the situation, flexible use of classification memory, chart memory, shortened memory and compilation of outlines, notes, cards and other memory methods can enhance memory. 9. The best time is generally 9 a.m. ~11 a.m., 3-4 p.m., and 7-10 p.m. are the best memory times. Using the above times to memorize difficult-to-remember learning materials has better results. 10. Scientifically use the brain to ensure nutrition, active rest, and physical exercise On the basis of maintaining the brain through exercise and other exercises, using the brain scientifically, preventing excessive fatigue, and maintaining a positive and optimistic mood can greatly improve the work efficiency of the brain. Fifteen points to improve memory 1. Calm down - first calm the brain. 2. Fatigue will reduce the work efficiency of the brain. 3. You must be confident that you will be able to remember. 4. Find a memory method that suits your own characteristics. 5. Be interested in the object of memory. 6. Strong motivation can promote memory. 7. It is easier to remember by associating it with pleasant things. 8. *** can make brain cells young and sharp. 9. Detailed observation can help memory. 10. Fully understand the object being remembered. 11. Use images to grasp what is being remembered. objects. 12. Compiling unrelated memory objects into songs is conducive to memory. 13. Identifying characteristic memory methods. 14. Appropriate scattered memory is sometimes better than concentrated memory. 15. Mobilize the coordination of various organs of the body memory..

From the Yuan Dynasty when the Penghu Inspection Department was established, Zheng Chenggong was the leader, to the Qing Dynasty when the Taiwan government was established, a conclusion can be drawn from this series of events: Taiwan has been Chinese territory since ancient times. Let me briefly mention that until the late World War II, "Cairo" The Declaration clearly stipulates that Japan must return the occupied Chinese territory. Taiwan did not return to the motherland until after the victory of World War II. Japan invaded and occupied Taiwan, China for 50 years. In this way, the historical knowledge about Taiwan is integrated. The method of horizontal association is to connect different historical events that occurred in China and foreign countries in the same period, or similar historical events in different periods. The third and fourth volumes of "Society" in junior high schools study Chinese and foreign history together, which requires us to study Chinese and foreign history together. Focus on history and connect Chinese and foreign historical knowledge. For example, when talking about China's oracle bone civilization, we connect Egyptian hieroglyphics, Mesopotamian cuneiform and European Latin characters. (5) String character method. There is a parallel relationship between the pairs. Events or characters can be memorized by stringing characters together, that is, stringing together relevant contents in the order of the text, and only remembering the first character of each content. For example, the five contents of Wang Anshi's reform can be simplified into "Qing, Raising, and Recruitment" ", Agriculture, Fang, Bao"; the four important international conferences in the late Second World War can be simplified into "Kai, De, Ya, Bo" in order of precedence. This simplification method can help you remember the text content more quickly. 3. Remember names of people, places, and years skillfully. An important feature of historical knowledge is that there are many names of people, places, and years that need to be memorized. If you remove these, it will not become history. Learning history and memorizing names of people, places, and years are indispensable basic skills. , naturally requires a lot of hard work, but it does not just rely on rote memorization. There are also more feasible scientific memory methods. (1) Remember names. Remembering the names of some important figures in history can capture the characteristics of some figures. Strengthen memory. For example, the emperors of the Han Dynasty were all surnamed Liu, the surnames of the Song Dynasty were Zhao, and the surnames of the Jin Dynasty were Sima. To remember people's names, you can use the string character method and the homophony method. These two methods are especially suitable for remembering the names of foreigners. The homophony method is to combine the names of foreigners. The name is understood according to its homophonic Chinese characters, so that the original meaningless syllables can be turned into meaningful nouns or phrases, which is easy to remember. Some people's names may be given an elegant name. Use the homophonic method (elegant name) to remember the name as smoothly as possible.