Psychological cases in life

Illustrate psychological phenomena in life with examples.

The more fearful things are, the more likely they are to happen. I have a mobile phone I just bought in my pocket. I'm afraid of being stolen on the bus. Every once in a while, I will check to see if my mobile phone is still there.

This move caught the attention of thieves, and eventually the mobile phone was stolen. It is because you are afraid of it that you care. The more you concentrate, the more likely you are to make mistakes.

This is the famous Murphy theorem. Psychological common sense: The original newspaper of 1 in the Babel Law has become 10 yuan, which you will find unacceptable; Comparatively speaking, the original 5000-yuan computer has gone up by 50 yuan, so you won't have such a big reaction.

Babel's law shows that when a person experiences a strong * * *, what he gives afterwards becomes insignificant to him. Do you realize that? Psychologically speaking, most people will only lose their temper with people with a safe level because they are within that safe level.

Your subconscious knows that the other person will not leave you. Sometimes fooling around is a dependence.

What are some interesting cases of residential psychology?

Sometimes you can't name a friend you know very well. Why is investing in a new relationship the best way to cure lovelorn? Many phenomena in life are closely related to psychology. In this paper, eight common phenomena in life are explained psychologically.

1, sometimes when you meet a familiar friend, you forget her name when you talk to her. Principle: When individuals encode * * * in learning, they encode it into shape code, phonetic code and semantic code (the same is true for words and characters).

In Chinese learning, short-term memory is mainly encoded by phonetic codes, while long-term memory is mainly encoded by Italian codes. Analysis: For familiar students, we have established a direct connection between him (her) and Italian code, instead of focusing on the shape and code memory when we first met him (her), we subconsciously reflect words that match his personality in our minds as soon as we see him (her), such as optimism, cheerfulness, introversion and melancholy, which is Italian code.

If the phonetic code can't be decoded at this time, or the phonetic code can't be connected with Italian code and shape code, the name of the other party can't be called naturally. 2. A boy chased a girl for a long time. One day before going to bed, the girl suddenly shouted, "It's over, I don't remember what he looks like!" The roommate said with a wry smile, "That's it, you're in love with him."

Analysis: When girls slowly begin to accept boys, they will pay attention to the coding of Italian codes and put them into long-term memory. At this time, the girl will pay more attention to the character, temperament and personality related to the Italian code, but may ignore the search for its shape code, that is, she will not remember his appearance for the time being.

Do you often forget what your parents or boyfriends look like at a certain moment? Because after getting familiar with it, you will care more about the meaning code related to personal charm than the shape code. After an unforgettable love, you suffered a lot. A few years later, when you want to recall it again, you suddenly find that the memory of that relationship is blurred or even no longer exists.

Principle: Long-term memory cannot be forgotten, but a suitable retrieval method has not been found yet. Motivational forgetting (targeted forgetting), Freud's psychoanalysis.

Analysis: When recalling painful experiences, people will go back to the painful past. In order to avoid the recurrence of painful feelings in memory, people at that time learned to suppress themselves, deliberately suppressing unpleasant experiences in their consciousness and subconscious. The human brain has a protective mechanism, and the memory is too painful to forget.

It may be painful to salvage forgotten memories from the deep sea. Psychoanalysis believes that apart from the stress of major disasters in personal life, personal psychological conflict is also the cause of amnesia.

For example, if some internal impulses or desires of individuals are not accepted by personal reason, the result of the conflict between the two aspects may form forgetting. Do you remember what happened before you were 3 years old? Before the age of three, children are most curious about things and always ask questions. Seeking knowledge is the period in which they learn the most efficiently and learn the most. However, when they are adults, few people can clearly remember what happened before they were three years old.

Principle: analysis of childhood experience amnesia 1: because the period from birth to three years old is the formation stage of family ties (Oedipus complex), children are depressed because of psychological conflicts. Depression makes him unconscious, which leads to his inability to remember.

Analysis 2: According to the explanation of information processing theory in modern cognitive psychology, people don't have long-term memory before they are three years old, just because children can't use Chinese as a tool for psychological representation at that time when processing information, that is, they can't extract memory in Chinese to answer questions. 5. After being lovelorn, a person will immediately throw himself into another relationship in order to cheer himself up.

This is a good healing method. Principle: theoretical analysis of forgetting interference: forgetting is the result of mutual interference between old and new experiences.

Investing in new feelings and experiencing new feelings can interfere with the memory of previous feelings, thus achieving the effect of interfering with forgetting. 6. After an unmarried woman dated her boyfriend for a period of time, her boyfriend broke up.

The woman said that she had sex with him and held him responsible. But her boyfriend said there was no such thing at all, and nothing had been done to her except the normal behavior between lovers.

But the woman can describe in detail how they * * * process, it is simply the appearance of personal experience. Until the hospital diagnosed her as a virgin, she still believed that she did have a relationship with her boyfriend.

Principle: Memory distortion. There are two kinds of memory distortion: one is the quantitative change or simplification of facts, or the restoration of plots; One is qualitative change, adding oil and vinegar, or even out of thin air.

Analysis: The way individuals receive * * * and process information is selective, and it is very likely that the initial sensory memory or short-term memory stage does not contain the characteristics of * * * at all. The information stored in long-term memory should not only resonate with old experiences, but also interact with new information.

The cognitive structure has changed due to the sympathetic interaction between the old and new information. It is understood that the woman has read many books about the process of * * *. She cut and pasted the image of her boyfriend to the hero in the book and herself to the heroine.

When interacting with her boyfriend, she constantly interacts with the information in the book. After a long time, there will be memory distortion, that is, you can't tell whether it is real or fantasy.

7. A couple with domestic violence came for psychological counseling. Husband really loves his wife, but he always exerts violence on him, and then he will regret it. Psychologists ask them to face discussions and conversations as if they were at home.

1 hour later, the doctor found that his wife was very talkative and always reasonable, but her husband always didn't know what to say and was at a loss in the face of his wife's criticism Principle: According to Freud's psychodynamic view, behavior is driven or stimulated by powerful internal forces, and human behavior comes from genetic instinct and biological drive, and tries to solve the conflict between personal needs and social requirements.

Deprivation, physiological activation and conflict all power behavior, just as coal fuels steam locomotives. In this model, when the body's needs are met and the driving force is reduced, the reaction stops.

Analysis: Being husband and wife.

What psychological phenomena do people have in life? And explain the content of psychological phenomenon-100

1. wallach effect Otto? Wallach is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and his success is legendary.

When wallach was in middle school, his parents chose a literary path for him. Unexpectedly, after a semester, the teacher wrote him this comment: "wallach is very diligent. But it is too rigid to create literary materials. "

After that, his parents asked him to paint oil paintings instead, but wallach was neither good at composition nor polishing, ranking first in his class. Faced with such a clumsy student, most teachers think that he has no hope of success. Only the chemistry teacher thinks that he is meticulous in doing things and has the quality to do chemical experiments well, and advises him to learn chemistry. In this case, the spark of wallach's wisdom was suddenly ignited and finally succeeded.

Wallach's success illustrates the truth that students' intellectual development is unbalanced, and they all have their own strengths and weaknesses. Once they find the best place to play their wisdom, they can achieve amazing results. Later generations called this phenomenon "wallach effect".

2. Threshold effect The so-called threshold effect means that a person will gradually accept a higher-level request after accepting a lower-level request and being correctly guided. This effect was put forward by American social psychologists Friedman and Freese in 1966 "Field experiment without pressure submission: door-to-door technology".

3.*** Effect There is a phenomenon in nature: when a plant grows alone, it looks short and monotonous, but when it grows with many similar plants, it is deeply rooted and full of vitality. People call this phenomenon of mutual influence and promotion in the plant kingdom "* * * effect".

In fact, there is also a "biological effect" in our human group. From 190 1 to 1982, there have been 25 Nobel Prize winners in the British "Kadiwen Laboratory", which is a prominent example of the "* * * effect".

4. Stereotype effect Social psychology believes that the effect of looking at people with old eyes is called "stereotype effect". Is a fixed, general view of people, resulting in stereotypes.

This phenomenon can often be seen in schools. Teachers often show affection for those students who are talented and have excellent academic performance, and they are valued and favored. However, students with poor academic performance are often discriminated against, teachers show impatience and boredom, and depressed words are often on their lips.

Practice has proved that students who often receive this kind of "treatment" will suddenly feel cold water poured on them, lose confidence in learning, lose courage to overcome difficulties, and even have decadent emotions. 5. The first effect, sometimes called first impression, refers to the influence of the first impression left by the perceived object on social perception.

Specifically, it is the first contact with people or things, which psychologically produces a stereotype with emotional factors for someone or something, thus affecting the evaluation of that person or thing in the future. Therefore, we can see that this influence is not conducive to the analysis of collecting correct information in decision-making.

The first impression is that good or bad is one-sided, which is not conducive to comprehensive understanding and analysis. The effect of first impression is called the first cause effect.

Judging a person by his first impression is often biased. If we only rely on the first impression in the recruitment examination and employee performance appraisal, we will be blinded by some superficial phenomena.

There are two main aspects in the recruitment process: one is to judge people by their appearances. Handsome and personable candidates can easily win the favor of examiners, followed by judging people by their words. People who are eloquent and quick to answer often leave a good impression.

Therefore, when selecting talents, we should not only listen to their words and look at their appearance, but also observe their actions and test their achievements. 6. recency effect recency effect means that the recent performance of someone or something has an advantage in the mind, thus changing the consistent view of that person or thing.

Recency effect and the first cause effect are two corresponding effects. The first cause effect usually has an impact in unfamiliar situations, while recency effect usually has an impact in familiar situations.

Both of them are subjective assumptions about people or things, which makes the decision-making information distorted. 7. halo effect Halo effect means that someone or something leaves a deep impression on people because of its outstanding characteristics, while ignoring other psychological and behavioral qualities.

Sometimes there will be a "positive aura" and sometimes a "negative aura", which will interfere with the evaluation of information. To overcome the halo effect, we must adhere to objectivity and not mix subjective elements. 8. Butterfly Effect 1960, Lorenz, a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, met a difficult problem when she was studying the problem of "long-term weather forecast": she used a simplified set of data to simulate the evolution of weather on a computer, originally trying to improve the accuracy of weather forecast by using high-speed operation of the computer.

However, contrary to expectations, many calculations show that small differences in initial conditions will lead to wrong conclusions. The same is true of psychological emotions. A group of cartoons shows that a person was scolded by the leader at work, and he was very angry. He went home and lost his temper with his wife. His wife was scolded for no reason, and she was very angry and slammed the door.

Walking in the street, a pet dog stopped the way and barked, making his wife even more angry. She kicked, and the puppy was kicked and ran past an old man, which scared him. It happened that the old man had a heart attack and was frightened by the puppy that suddenly rushed out. He had a heart attack on the spot and died.

Lorenz discovered the great contrast caused by small differences. She used an image metaphor to express this discovery. A small butterfly flapped its wings over Brazil, and the small vortex it incited merged with other air currents, which may cause a storm in Texas in the United States a month later-this is the famous "butterfly effect" in chaos. In human resource management, if the personnel manager flexibly uses the psychological effect of personnel, he can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of subordinates or talents, make people give full play to their talents and achieve optimal work efficiency.

9. Rosenthal Effect Rosenthal, an American psychologist, visited a school and randomly selected three students from each class *** 18, wrote them on a form and handed them to the headmaster. He said very seriously, "These students 18 have a high IQ after scientific determination." Six months later, Roche came to the school again and found that these 18 students really performed exceptionally well.

Rosetta.

Give a case in life to analyze the cognitive psychological process.

Rational analysis and treatment of review anxiety _ cognitive therapy case (Amin) I once met a middle school student who reviewed anxiety and was introduced by his menstruation.

She is a Buddhist during menstruation and has a good relationship with us. Knowing that I was interested in psychology, she introduced me to his nephew's problems. He is introverted and has always done well in school. He is recognized by teachers and students as a good student who works harder than talent, but his temperament has changed greatly recently and he is obsessed with online games.

Parents also found it by accident, but a little dissuasion aroused his great reaction and found that he was always unhappy every day. Because he is an only child, he has always been very obedient, at the same time, he is stubborn and has a big temper, which makes his parents want to control but dare not, and he is very worried.

I asked for a special time to communicate with him during menstruation, so as to make him feel more natural and not be wary. I talked with him about some online games and found that he was not interested. I also talked with him about the application of psychology in his student days and study, and he showed great interest.

I can see that he hesitated for a while and finally got up the courage to let me give him a hand. Through his account, I got a general idea of his situation: he worked hard since he was a child and his academic performance has been very good. However, since he entered senior high school (key school), he feels that learning has become more and more difficult. No matter how hard he tries, there are always many problems that he can't solve. Although his grades have been good, it is a gradual retrogression.

He tried many methods to strengthen the study intensity and prolong the study time, but it still had little effect and always felt very depressed. In the past six months, he felt that science subjects were getting harder and harder, and he couldn't learn more and more. It's no use trying to improve his grades, which makes him want to cry, but he can't tell others and can only hold it in his heart.

Every time he reviews for the exam, he finds that he can't do anything once he opens the book. He gradually became nervous at the thought that once he got it, he would fail in the exam. He tried to restrain his thoughts and continue to review, but the result of continuing his efforts would only find more knowledge points that he could not find. With the increasing frustration, he became unable to concentrate on his studies, and then he simply played online games on the computer in his bedroom.

Although he plays games, he feels guilty and doesn't want to play games, but he doesn't have to face books. When his parents dissuade him, he will feel even worse. He also knows that this is wrong, but the reason is not easy to tell them, so he can only get angry with his parents.

Through his narration, it is obvious that there is something wrong with the cognitive process of review. Through analysis and elimination, I found the key point of his psychological problem: I unconsciously mistakenly thought that I would test all the knowledge he didn't know in the exam, which led to my failure in the exam.

In the theoretical system of cognitive therapy, it is very important that patients themselves can't realize their wrong cognition. The main job of cognitive therapists is to find wrong cognition and treat it symptomatically.

When I pointed out his misunderstanding, he was somewhat unknown so. After some consideration, he agreed with me. I asked him: there are three possibilities about your teacher's paper: first, all the questions are in your hand; Second, all the questions are not your master; Third, the teacher arranges the test papers from easy to difficult. You have mastered most of them, and you may not have mastered a few.

Which of these three situations is more realistic? He said: Of course, the third situation is the most realistic. I went on to analyze: there are three possibilities for your review: first, all the review contents you have mastered will not be tested by the teacher; Second, all the review contents you have not mastered will be tested by the teacher; Third, whether you have mastered the review content, the teacher may get it at will, and it is basically unpredictable whether you can get it before the exam.

Which of these three situations is more realistic? He replied: Of course, the third situation is the most realistic. I then asked him: So, if you don't master a knowledge point, will the teacher definitely take the exam? He replied: not necessarily, I can only say that it is possible.

So if the teacher just got this knowledge point, will you get zero? No, I can only say that I can't do this problem. I can't get points for this problem, but it doesn't affect other problems I can do. Very well, let me summarize here: teachers will only arrange test papers regularly according to their own habits from easy to difficult.

In your review process, there will inevitably be some parts that you can't master, but these will not necessarily appear in the test paper. Even if there is, it will only lose points at this test center and will not affect other test questions. As long as you can review with peace of mind, with the mastery of each test center, you will get closer and closer to good grades, so the best review strategy is to review with peace of mind.

Do you agree with my summary? Of course I agree. I see. I was too worried about what I didn't know before. I will review as you say.

It was just dinner time, so he left with his parents. After a while, I heard from menstruation that after that conversation, he returned to his previous study state, and he also took the initiative to increase some physical exercise every day (I gave him advice). His mother sent me a message thanking me.

In today's society, young people often have different levels of exam anxiety before they get employed, which is a very common problem. Objectively speaking, this has a lot to do with the education system and employment system in our society today, but it is also related to the poor education guidance of teachers and parents.

In this regard, teachers and parents should really improve their psychological knowledge, otherwise it will be difficult to cultivate the next generation with mental health. -I met many people with psychological problems when I was teaching with my teacher in mainland China. I used my little psychological knowledge to help them, and there were many successful cases.

Now I choose some typical examples to write, hoping to help people with similar psychological problems, and I hope many people pay attention to mental health, which is of great help to improve their living conditions and those of their relatives and friends.

Psychological homework, explain the thinking process of solving problems with case analysis in life and its

Your homework should be thinking. We can start with the definition of thinking.

When it comes to thinking mode, a practical example runs through the following steps: the process of thinking

What is thinking: definition

The word "thinking" is thinking in English, but in Chinese, "thinking" is synonymous with "thinking" and "thinking". The etymology says, "Thinking means thinking for thinking."

Thinking science holds that thinking is an active process of receiving information, storing information, processing information and outputting information.

And it is a process that generally reflects the objective reality, which is the information theory view of the essence of thinking.

Physiologically speaking, thinking is an advanced physiological phenomenon, a process of brain biochemical reaction and the source of the second signal system. The so-called second signal system takes language as * * *. Unlike the first signal system, the first signal system takes the signals directly received by the senses such as electricity, sound and light as * * *.

From the essence of thinking, thinking is a conscious, indirect and general reflection of the essential attributes and internal laws of objective reality.

Typical thinking processes include preparation, setting questions, searching, capturing and explaining.

(1) preparation

That is, the information accumulation stage. One is learning, and the other is collecting. The former has no specific goal, just to accumulate more knowledge so as to solve more problems in the future; The latter has a clear goal, accumulates information for preparing to solve a specific problem, and is targeted.

(2) Setting the topic

It is a leap of thought and a new stage of thinking. From the information point of view, establishing a topic is the general reflection or transition, reproduction and deepening of the basic information accepted by the thinking subject.

(3) Search

In order to solve the problem, we need to continue to carry out new thinking in the original thinking stage, which is search. Search is thinking under a clear goal, and it is a targeted all-round thinking around the goal.

The thinking process of search includes two stages: problem decomposition and search scheme design. Personal thinking, social thinking and mechanical instruments can be used.

(4) Capture

Capture is the result of search-acquisition. Capture is a leap to solve the problem. Capture is an improvement.

There are two forms of capture: thought capture and fact capture. Fact finding often comes from data query and experimental observation. Thinking capture can make the solution of the problem leap to a new level.

(5) explanation

Also known as crossing. The process of solving problems is gradually upgraded and clarified with search-capture. After appropriate steps, the whole process is comprehensively sorted out again, which is called connection.

Connecting thinking is necessary in every stage of the whole problem-solving process. For example, in the process of information accumulation before the question, there can be no leap in the question without contact, that is, comprehensive thinking.