What kind of wharf is a deep-water port?

Simply put, the water level below-15m is called a deep-water port. The draft of the sixth generation container ships and ten thousand-container ships is at least 14 meters. If they want to enter the harbor for mooring, of course, the water depth of the channel and the water depth of the wharf front should be below-15m. Concept expansion A port must have deep-water channels and deep-water berths to develop container transportation. Concept expansion A port must have deep-water channels and deep-water berths to develop container transportation. In particular, planning to become a hub port for container transportation requires deep-water waterways and deep-water berths. Now, the sixth generation or super-large container ships (which can carry 7000-8000 TEUs) are put into operation one after another. In 2004, only Danish Machiavelli Land and Sea Transportation Company owned 24 container ships with 8,000 TEUs. During 2004-2007, there will be 107 container ships in the world, totaling 17,000 TEU, including 87 giant ships with 8,000 TEU. What's more, in 2006, the 9,600 TEU container ship built by Canadian Ceespan Company and rented by China Maritime Drama Company will be a small one on ocean routes. As we all know, tankers, bulk carriers and (self-unloading) general cargo ships can be unloaded and lightered at sea outside the port if their tonnage is too large to enter the port, while container ships of 10,000-ton class can only dock in the port for loading and unloading operations. They need a fixed dock as a storage yard, and they need a loading and unloading bridge fixed on the dock to load and unload containers. It is impossible and not allowed to load and unload lighterage containers at sea outside the port. If so, the ship capsized or the container fell into the sea. The sixth generation container ships and ten thousand container ships have a draft of at least 14 meters. If they want to enter the harbor for mooring, of course, the water depth of the channel and the water depth of the wharf front should be below-15m. A port, without deep-water channel and deep-water berth, cannot accept large container ships, but can only be a feeder port and a replenishment port, and can only provide supporting services for large-scale deep-water ports. According to incomplete statistics, before 2003, there were 20 deep-water ports below-15m in the world. They are Busan Port and Yangguang Port in South Korea, Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan Province Province of China, Hong Kong in China, Singapore, Tokyo Port, Yokohama Port, Kobe Port, Nagoya Port and Osaka Port in Japan, Tanjung Pelepas Port in Malaysia, Rotterdam Port in the Netherlands, Yade Port and Hamburg Port in Germany, Trieste Port in Italy, Los Angeles Port in the United States, South Louisiana Port and Auckland Port in France, and Dunkirk Port and Lehavad Port in France. Before 2005, the ports of Shanghai, Tianjin and Ningbo in China, Antwerp in Belgium and Marseille-Foces in France will be added. New york-New Jersey Port and six other ports in the United States. By then, there will be 25 deep-water ports below-15m in the world. The world-famous three deep-water ports: Rotterdam (Netherlands), the first place, has 322 million tons.

The second place is Singapore with 244 million tons.

The third place is Hongkong (China)174.6 million tons. In 2003, the container throughput of Hong Kong ports was 2,065.438 billion TEUs, ranking first among container ports in the world. There are more than 30 deep-water berths below-15m, and more berths are under construction. Tung Chee-hwa, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, announced in the 2004 policy address that a new container terminal would be built on Lantau Island, which is located in front of Hong Kong Island, in order to strengthen Hong Kong's competitive strength and maintain its position as an Asian logistics hub. Hong Kong will build Container Terminal 9 in Kwai Chung in 2005 (four deep-water berths are below-15m). After the project is put into operation, the annual container throughput of Hong Kong will increase to 22 million TEUs.

In 2003, the container throughput of Singapore Port was 1, 865,438+10,000 TEU, ranking second in the world, with fierce competition with Hong Kong. Before 2005, five new deep-water berths below-15m will be built in this port, and the container throughput will increase by 20%, reaching 24 million TEUs.

Shanghai Port. In 2003, the container throughput was 1 1 10,000 TEU, ranking third in the world. Unfortunately, it was not a deep-water port at that time. First, there are deep-water berths below-15m; Second, the water depth of the population channel of the port is only -8.5 meters, and the super Panama container ship with 6000-7000 TEU can't enter the port at all, even if it is dredged, it can't reach the water depth of-15 meters. Although Waigaoqiao Port Area Phase I Reconstruction Project, Phase II Project and No.5 Trench Project have been completed and put into use, the water depth at the wharf front is only-12m, and only the third and fourth generation container ships (below 4,000 TEU) are seaworthy.

Shanghai International Shipping Center plans to locate the deepwater port, and finally it will be located off Hangzhou Bay, about 30 kilometers away from Nanhui Luchao Port. According to the plan, the first phase of Yangshan Port Deepwater Port Area will be completed in 2005. Located in the south bank of Xiaoyangshan Port, the port area has five container ship berths with a total length of 1.600 meters. The water depth of the wharf front is-1.5m, and the annual throughput is 220 TEUs. The second phase of deepwater port area was completed before 20 10, with 30 berths, water depth of-15m and annual throughput of130,000 TEU. By 2020, the whole Yangshan port area will have more than 50 deep-water berths below-15 meters, with a coastline of 20 kilometers, forming an annual throughput of 25 million TEUs. There is no doubt that Shanghai Port will become the largest international shipping center and the largest container port in the world by then.

In 2003, the container throughput of Tianjin Port was 3 million TEU, ranking second1in the world. The port has set the development goal of 10 years before this century, and the deep-water channel is the basis to realize the goal. The waterway project of 65438+100000 dwt ship has started. The designed waterway is 28.8km long, 200m wide at the bottom and-15m deep. It will be built in two stages. After the first phase of the project is completed, it has a total length of 26km, a bottom width of180m and a water depth of-14m. The second phase of the project will be completed before 2005, and the main channel will be deepened to-15m, 100000-ton ships can enter and leave the port all day, 150000-ton ships can enter and leave the port by tidal waves, and container ships can enter and leave the port all day.

Ningbo Port, another big port in Chinese mainland, will invest 6 billion yuan to build an international deep-water port, and the fourth phase of Beilun Super-large International Container Terminal in Ningbo Port will be started in the early stage, with a total coastline. 3000 meters, and the water depth at the wharf front is below-17 meters. After being completed and put into use before 2005, Ningbo Beicang Port can berth not only the world's largest container ship (8000 TEU), but also larger container ships in the world, making it one of the ports with the best water depth conditions in the world.

In 2003, the container throughput of Busan Port in South Korea was 103668 million TEU, ranking fifth in the world. The Shenxiantai Wharf of Busan Port was built in. 199 1 year. The deep-water berth below-15m can dock four container ships with 50,000 dwt at the same time. 15m deep-water berth was built in Kanwan Wharf in 1998, which can also dock four 50,000 dwt container ships at the same time. Accordingly, there are 8 deep-water berths below Busan Port-15m. Busan Port plans to build another 33 deep-water berths for container ships before 20 1 1, forming a throughput capacity of150,000 TEUs.

Rotterdam, the Netherlands is known as the largest container transport port in Europe. In 2003, the container throughput was 765.438 billion TEUs, ranking eighth in the world. At the end of last century, the port was able to allow the 6800 TEU super Panama container ship of Tiexing Zhahua Shipping Company to dock smoothly. In June, 2002, 65438+ 10, a container ship loaded with 9000 TEUs by Danish Maersk Land and Sea Company successfully docked at the port. Maersk-Delta Container Terminal Rotterdam Port approach channel has a water depth of -25, and the wharf front has a water depth of-1.665 meters. It is a rare deep-water port in the world. In order to develop container transportation and accept giant container ships, the "Ouxun Meike" container terminal of this port has planned to increase the berth depth to-1965 meters.

Hamburg Port is the largest port in Germany and also the largest container transport port in Germany. In 2003, the port handled 6 1.38 million TEUs, ranking ninth in the world. If Hamburg Port wants to further develop the container transportation industry, the harsh conditions of port channel and wharf berth are a big obstacle. The maximum water depth of the waterway of Hamburg Port is-12.8m. Even at high tide, the maximum draft of ships entering Hamburg Port does not exceed 15. 1m, and the maximum draft of ships leaving Hamburg Center does not exceed 138m. Hamburg Port Authority has made a plan to invest huge sums of money in dredging the Elbe River channel, and completed the "alton" in March 2002.

Port of Los Angeles is the largest container transportation port in the United States, with the highest throughput of 7,654,380,000 TEUs in 2003, ranking seventh in the world. The container throughput of other ports on the west coast of North America has declined to varying degrees in recent years, but the port of Los Angeles has grown significantly, with a double-digit growth rate. One of the reasons for the increase is that the total area of newly built large container terminals is 1.96 hectares and the coastline is 265438+. The port is a container hub port on the west coast of the United States.

It can be seen that the top five ports in the world (Shenzhen Port's throughput in 2003 was 106 1 TEU, ranking fifth in the world) are all in East Asia, and container transport ports must be and must be deep-water ports, so the deep-water ports below1-0/5m in the world are also concentrated in East Asia. Incidentally, St. Petersburg, Russia's largest port, has no deep-water berth below-15m, and the waterway depth is very limited. So far, it can only accept ships (second-and third-class container ships) with a length of 260m and a width of 40m and a draft of11m. In the Development Plan of Great St. Peter's Cave 20 10 in volume 12, the Russian Maritime Bureau has a new berth project, but it does not mention the construction of deep-water berths below 15 meters. According to the plan, the container ship berth of 10 1 will be built, and the water depth of the berth will not exceed -65438+.