How to grow grapes

Suitable for planting in spring when the temperature is between 15-25℃, such as early March and April; Stratification can begin in early April;

Grape planting mainly includes the following methods: cutting, layering, grafting and sowing.

1) asexual propagation: grape cutting (main method), layering, grafting, etc. These are characterized as clones, that is, all the characteristics of the mother are preserved.

2) The method of sexual reproduction is sowing. Although this method grows slowly, it can be mutated to select excellent varieties.

Here are the specific methods:

1, cutting method:

1) Selection: In the spring when the temperature is between 15-25℃, select robust branches (full growth and full bud eyes). The thicker the branches, the higher the survival rate.

2) Every 3-4 buds are a cutting, and a branch section of about 3 cm should be left above the top bud (if it is short, it is easy to dehydrate the bud, and the lower end should be cut at about 1 cm of the lowest bud, and each cutting should have 3 buds and more than 1 leaf;

3) Cutting method (cutting with cutting): the cutting line spacing is 20 × 25cm, the sand thickness is 25 ~ 30cm, and the cutting is obliquely inserted into the sand bed, and the cutting depth is such that one bud and one leaf are exposed;

First, cut the bud upward to prevent reverse insertion;

Second, 2/3 of the cuttings are buried in the soil, and the terminal buds are about 3 cm from the ground and inclined to the north;

The third is to prevent cuttings from being inserted into manure.

4) Shading: In the case of semi-shading in the early stage, full sunshine will be gradually seen after 3-4 weeks; The temperature is controlled between 20-25℃ and the humidity is about 80%, and the roots can be transplanted in about 30-40 days.

5) Loose, breathable and non-fertilizing cutting substrates should be adopted. Generally, river sand, vermiculite, perlite and peat are the main cutting substrates.

2, layering propagation:

It is carried out from June to August, when the grape branches grow to about 1 m, the branches are picked, and when the lateral buds grow to 15-20 cm, the branches are buried in shallow ditches in the same direction as the branches, and the new buds are exposed by soil cultivation.

3. Grafting:

Some grape varieties with poor quality or unsuitable for the market need to be replaced. High-branch grafting can be used to replace some large grape varieties with good quality, such as Fujiminori and Ziyuhei. The grafting method is simple and the survival rate is high. The surface can be restored in the first year of grafting, and the fruit can bloom in the second year.

The grafting survival rate of new grape varieties can reach more than 80%, which can greatly shorten the growth cycle, that is, the grafted grapes take effect two years earlier than the original seedlings. And mature early, good quality.

1) Grafting time: Mid-March to early April is the most suitable time for grafting and replanting in Central China and South China (the earlier the grafting time, the better, and the later the survival rate is not high); North-central North China can only be carried out after grapes are unearthed. Note: If the eye of scion bud has germinated, it will seriously affect the survival rate of grafting.

2) Rootstock (the original variety of plants that need to be replaced is used as rootstock, and the grafting requires rootstock to be about 0.5cm thick) must be selected. First, cut the rootstock 5 ~ 10cm from the ground, and then cut the smooth part 2.5 ~ 5. 1mm from the ground into an acute angle. Scions should be selected from the new shoots of the year, cut into pieces with buds, and the size is appropriate. Then insert it into the V-shaped notch on the rootstock, closely combine it with the cambium, wrap it with plastic strips from the top to the bottom of the bud, and cover the grafted bud with 15 ~ 20.3 cm of wet soil.

3) scion treatment:

A, the new shoots selected from excellent varieties are neither old nor tender, and they are the best when they are just lignified;

B, take a scion (2-3 cm above the node and about 4 cm below the node) and pick it (it can improve the survival rate after grafting), then cut off the leaves and soak them in cold water immediately (the young vines of grapes are easy to lose water);

C, make the lower end of the scion into a wedge shape with a shaving blade, and the section is 3 cm long, so as to cut less and leave more, without exposing pith. The cutting surface should be straight;

4) Binding of cuttings: the cutting surfaces of cuttings and rootstock cuttings should be completely consistent and seamless. After the scion is inserted, cover the incision of the rootstock with plastic film to prevent dirt such as soil from invading the incision to facilitate healing. The method is to use a piece of plastic film about 15 cm square, cut out corresponding holes in the middle according to the thickness, quantity and position of the scion, then insert it from above the scion, wrap the whole rootstock except the scion tightly, and then tie the grafting place tightly with a binding rope.

5) Soil piling and covering: after grafting, each plant can pile a small pile of fine soil, and all the scions are buried in the fine soil pile. Covering with soil can not only protect against wind, dryness and cold, but also promote the healing of grafting joints, which is the guarantee for the survival of grape grafting in spring.

6) Strengthen post-grafting management:

A. Generally, it can heal and germinate about two weeks after grafting. After germination, gently dig the soil surface in time to facilitate the germination and greening of new buds. However, the excavation should be carried out in stages, and the excavation can not be completed until it is completely healed.

B, erect a pole and straighten it to promote strong branches: erect a bamboo pole next to the original plant and tie the new shoots straight to promote their strong growth. When the length of the branches reaches the height of the wire on the frame surface, the vines should be tied in time.

C, removing the sprouting tiller: after the grafting survives, the sprouting tiller at the base of the original variety should be removed at any time to facilitate the growth of the scion. However, if the grafting is not alive, it is necessary to keep the sprouts properly in case of green branch grafting again in summer.

D, cutting off the binding materials in time: after the grafting survives, cutting off the binding materials in time before the rapid growth period of the branches;

E. Strengthen water and fertilizer management: strengthen water and fertilizer management of grafted plants, prune in summer, prevent and control pests and diseases in time, and promote the formation of COVID-19 in the same year.

F. Pile up soil at roots and neck to prevent cold before winter: When grafting, the original plant grows quickly after grafting, and branches are easy to flourish, even before winter, especially at the grafting interface. Therefore, in addition to strengthening management and coring in time to promote the stout branches, it is also necessary to bury the grafted plants for cold protection as soon as possible, and even in areas that do not need to be buried for cold protection, it is necessary to pile up soil at the root neck in time before winter.

4, sowing:

A, buy a favorite good grape, eat it, put its seeds in the soil to take root, and put them in a sunny place to germinate;

B, next spring, last year's branches can take out many new buds, leaving a few strongest ones;

C, in May, there is enough rain, the grapes grow fast, and the roots grow gradually;

D, transplantation in rainy days. In May of the third year, yellow-green buds can appear, which will blossom and bear fruit.