Guiyang, the "city of mountains and rivers", is wrapped with many charming urban atmosphere.

Guiyang has the hedonistic spirit common in southwest cities, and there is always a lively atmosphere floating in the streets and lanes. It is hard for people who come here not to be inspired by it. The noise of street vendors seems to announce loudly that this is a city belonging to the street.

Contrary to the smell of city life. If you drive out of the city, no matter which direction, you can always see good scenery within half an hour. The organic unity of landscape and fireworks makes people stunned and can't feel the pulse of the city.

Guiyang is indeed such a landscape fantasy city.

1. Guiyang, angry.

People in Guiyang can eat, drink and have fun 24 hours a day, and there are traffic jams at two or three in the morning. After midnight snack, the breakfast shop opened.

Painter Dong Zhong wrote in his blog: "This is my city, Guiyang. Rainy, cool in summer, wet and cold in winter. All the people who live here are geniuses who eat Chili peppers. They are good at drinking and dare to eat anything. This city is small and noisy, and all kinds of idle people often get together without names. The reason is of course drinking and playing. "

It seems that Guiyang people love consumption and fashion. This feeling is not groundless. According to the information released by the National Bureau of Statistics, in 20 17, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in Guiyang was 32 186 yuan, which exceeded the 30,000 mark for the first time. Although the growth rate is higher than the national level, the amount is still nearly 12% lower than the national average. In the same year, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents in Guiyang reached 26,063 yuan, more than the national average 16 18 yuan.

I have heard many explanations about the consumption psychology of Guiyang people. Writer Dai Mingxian speculated that this was the influence of the influx of "Xiajiang people" during the Anti-Japanese War. "Xiajiang people" is a general term for mainlanders who fled during the Anti-Japanese War, because there are a large number of refugees from Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the Shanghai lifestyle they brought has a far-reaching impact on Guiyang and Guizhou.

Others say that this is because Guiyang has concentrated rich families in the province who rely on resources to get rich, which can be compared with Taiyuan, thus improving the average consumption level. Some people think that this is the influence of minority culture on Guiyang, and people pay more attention to the present enjoyment rather than accumulating wealth. Others directly attribute it to vanity and vulgar ideas.

There are many restaurants, snack bars and mobile vendors on the streets of Guiyang, which is among the best cities in China. Perhaps the best place to feel the Guiyang atmosphere is the Wang Chang noodle restaurant in the early morning. People took a bowl of fragrant noodle soup sprinkled with red oil from the window, served a plate of hot and sour pickles specially made by various restaurants, made room around and sat down next to each other. After snoring, they went their separate ways.

Just like the diners in the breakfast shop, the mountains, rivers and buildings in Guiyang are so crowded. Guiyang's anger also lies in the story in the mountains.

Every mountain here has a story.

Standing at the top of Qianling Mountain and looking south, you can see most of Guiyang City. The pavilion at the top of the mountain is called "overlooking pavilion", and "building" is the ancient name of Guiyang. There are many speculations about the reason, most of which are explained as the same as "bamboo" and pronounced twice; Guiyang also has another name of "Lincheng". In short, this used to be the place where Maolin cultivated bamboo. In the present field of vision, we can see that dilapidated and brand-new buildings are dense, and the city replaces the jungle, growing hard and circling around until it hits a wall in front of another mountain.

The main urban area of Guiyang is located between Baihua Mountain, Qianling Mountain and Nanyue Mountain. These are two dams with irregular shapes, surrounded by mountains and cut by complicated water systems.

Yunyan District and Nanming District overlooking Qianling Mountain are the earliest two urban areas in Guiyang. The name of Yunyan originated from the mountain, and Nanming originated from the river, which has its own poetry. Nanming River flows from south to north, including most of Guiyang. The common hills in the city are suddenly inserted between buildings, which produces a visually stunning effect, as if the uninvited guests arrived later and seized a place in the city. The karst terrain makes Guiyang closely intertwined with mountains and rivers, which is rare in the capital city of China, just like a bonsai in the hands of God.

As the provincial capital, Guiyang is a small city with a small population. However, the population density in the central city of Guiyang is actually very high. Guiyang 20 14 Layout Planning of Old Urban Construction and New Town mentioned that the population density within the first ring of Guiyang (including the core areas of Yunyan and Nanming districts) is nearly 50,000 people per square kilometer. In the same year, Kwun Tong, the most densely populated area in Hong Kong, had 57,000 people per square kilometer. It is said that Guiyang was once called "Little Hong Kong", but in this respect, it is somewhat similar.

In this way, you can understand why the Qianling Mountain, which is close to the northern edge of the First Ring Road, is as loved by Guiyang citizens as the Taiping Mountain on the edge of Hong Kong Central. They all have close ties with this city. Even if people want to plan it, trim it and build it, they still stubbornly stay there, together with trees, grass, flowers and birds, and eventually become people's dependence.

Since 1990s, the destructive urban construction in China has greatly changed the local context and life texture. Liu Zhaofeng, chief engineer of Guizhou Provincial Architectural Planning Institute, said: "Guiyang is defined by mountains and rivers. Unlike many cities on the plains, if the streets are gone, the city will die. As long as the landscape skeleton is still there, Guiyang can rely on it to realize the revival of the city. "

Guiyang is not only surrounded by mountains, but also many hills scattered or gathered in the urban area. "Every mountain has a story."

The forest park in the southeast was established at 1960 under the instruction of Zhou Enlai. There is a historic site "Tuyunguan" in the park, which was built in the Song Dynasty. It was once one of the ancient passes around Guiyang 14, and it was also the main channel from Hunan to Guiyang. At that time (65,438+0939-65,438+0946), China Red Cross Ambulance Corps Department, Military Wartime Health Personnel Training Institute, Army 65,438+067.

1508, Wang Yangming was demoted to Longchang, which belonged to xiuwen county in Guiyang City, as a post-official, and then "Longchang realized Taoism" and put forward the theory of "integration of knowledge and action", which was the closest between Guiyang and China traditional orthodoxy. During Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, Yangming Temple was built at the southern foot of Fufeng Mountain in Guiyang. It was integrated with Taoist Temple built in memory of Yin Zhen, a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Fufeng Temple started in Qianlong period.

3. Historical fragments of Guiyang

There are many stories in Guiyang, but few of them are recorded in detail.

Guizhou is a province rich in ancient human sites. Among the sites discovered at present, the Paleolithic Age is the largest, and the northern and western Guizhou and the central part where Guiyang is located are the densest, usually distributed along the river. The Neolithic age decreased, and it began to appear sporadically in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Some scholars speculate that the ancient climate in Guizhou was warm and there were many vegetation animals, which was convenient for gathering and hunting, and the karst terrain provided convenience for caves. When the mode of production of mankind transits to agriculture, these conveniences become disadvantages.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, "the most popular surname in Xi 'an" was the collective name of the three uncles of the Han Dynasty and the local toast. A more concrete example is Gu Cheng, who used violence to pacify the scenic spot. Gu Liangxiang, the sixth generation descendant of Gu Cheng, fled into the scenic spot because he could not bear to lead the Ming army to suppress Qiandongnan and slaughter innocent people. He changed the name of Miao nationality to "Band-Aid" and took the surname of Miao girl Wen, which has been passed down to this day in the form of father and son.

1282, the construction of "Shunyuan City" in Yuan Dynasty was the beginning of Guiyang's construction. There is an earthen wall in Shunyuan City, with an area of only one square kilometer, which is equivalent to a checkpoint.

Guiyang as a city really developed in the Ming Dynasty.

Previously, most of the descriptions about Guiyang were found in literature, and there were few physical objects. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were still a lot of physical evidence. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming army pacified Yunnan and needed to pass through Guizhou, so it built a post road, stationed troops along the way and immigrated in large numbers. Because of its central location, Guiyang has become the hub of the post road, forming the embryonic form of Guiyang city. Since then, Guiyang and Guizhou have truly integrated into the mainstream of China history.

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the relative geographical position and scope of Guiyang central city have hardly changed. Old Guiyang Fucheng, with nine doors and four pavilions, was laid in the Ming Dynasty. Zilin 'an Temple, Grand Cross and Fountain are roughly based on the west gate, downtown and north gate of the old city.

Guiyang was called "Black Sheep Qing" in ancient times, and it is said that it originated from Yi language. In the poems of Miao people near Guiyang and Huaxi, "Gloria Ge Sang" is a recurring word, "Gloria" refers to Huaxi, "Ge Sang" refers to Guiyang, and "Gloria Ge Sang" is the name of Guiyang by Miao people.

Guizhou is a place where Baiyue, Baipu, Miaoyao and Bianqiang ancestors merged and differentiated. We just want to find the traces they left in Guiyang, and the scattered evidence we got is very vague. Before Yuan Dynasty, until Yelang and Xiesi, the local history of Guiyang was blank and could not be connected into a continuous picture.

It was not until the middle of Qing Dynasty that the population of Han nationality in Guiyang surpassed that of ethnic minorities and gradually became a city dominated by Han nationality. Just like all human history, this process has both spontaneous flow and literary martial arts. There are two iron pillars in front of Jiaxiulou, a famous scenic spot in Guiyang, which were cast with collected weapons after E Ertai, governor of Yungui in Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty, put down the Miao uprising and Lebao, governor of Yungui in Jiaqing period.

4. Immigrants who are "unified"

In the past hundred years, the most profound changes in Guiyang are related to population migration: first, the population who fled the war during the Anti-Japanese War; Second, the population moved in by industrial construction after the founding of New China; Third, a large number of "third-line construction" moved into enterprises.

According to the first national census in 1953, the population of Yunyan and Nanming was only 270,000, which was 10% in Beijing and 4% in Shanghai. 1953- 1960 the number of immigrants reached 250,000, 1958 only recruited180,000 people. 1964- 1978, the net immigrant population of the "third-line construction" has also reached more than 200,000. By 1982, the population of Guiyang has increased to1320,000 (Yunyan and Nanming districts totaled 790,000).

After 20 10, Guiyang once attracted public attention with several super-large buildings-urban complexes. According to Guiyang Evening News, the largest flower orchard has a population of over 500,000, with an average daily passenger flow of 6,543.8+0,000 and an average daily vehicle flow of 3,654.38+0,000. Passing through there, skyscrapers like pigeon cages are adjacent, and cruising in them is like experiencing the AR version of science fiction movies. Only the throughput of a real estate in Huaguoyuan can be compared with that of several large immigrants after the founding of New China.

The vitality of Guiyang's economy benefits from the policy inclination of the central and local governments, which is the blueprint and achievement of ecological civilization and big data. Jing Yaping, deputy director of the Bureau of Big Data Center of Guizhou Province, said in the public speech on 20 17 that the index of returning college students in Guizhou Province ranks seventh in the country, and the number of college students who return home to start businesses is 217% more than those who leave the province; Guiyang is one of the youngest cities in China after Shenzhen. In 20 17, Guizhou's GDP increased by 10.2%, ranking among the top three in China for seven consecutive years. This province, once famous for its poverty, now seems to be turning a new page.

History always echoes.

Comparison between expressway construction and railway construction: urbanization has absorbed a large number of people, compared with the historical immigration tide; When Foxconn hollowed out three mountains and built the data center in a cave in Gui 'an New District, people could not help but think of moving to the military factory in the mountainous area of Guiyang during the "third-line construction"-when industrial civilization turned to the Internet, Guiyang's natural geographical environment once again showed its advantages, as if it were an echo of the Paleolithic Age.

One of the characteristics of People in a Place is its oversimplified description, which is close to prejudice and not far from fallacy. However, it is obvious that the environment shapes people. It will lurk in your body and emerge as you get older. Dai Mingxian said that Guiyang people-it can be said that all Guizhou people-have the character of mountain people: they don't make public, so the good people who are good at mountains and waters are not known to the outside world; They are stubborn in frankness and are called "Gui" in dialect. When this noun classified as cattle is used as an adjective, its meaning has undergone subtle changes, including rich and vivid images.

Today's Guiyang people can be traced back to one or two generations, and many of them can be called immigrants. But if the timeline is lengthened, which city is not made up of immigrants? Those who have been flowing to Guiyang from tens of thousands of years ago are finally unified by sour soup, pepper and good wine, transformed by low-key and humid climate, and shaped by surrounding mountains and rivers.

If this city was built in the Ming Dynasty as the beginning of modern Guiyang, then this "clumsy" and "skinny" city is facing great changes in the past 600 years.

This article is taken from Authentic Scenery of Guizhou, with additions, deletions and changes to the original text.