Who are the historical celebrities in Heyuan?

Zou Daxin-Dong Qi. Heyuan people in Song Dynasty. When I was a judge in Guangzhou, I found that the traffic between Dongzhou and Huang Mu Bay was inconvenient, so I immediately planned to build it and dug the Lubu Lake embankment, which made the waterway between the two places unblocked for more than ten miles and facilitated the transportation of pedestrians. Later, local residents built Daxin Temple in Lubu Lake as a memorial.

Wu Ganyu-1 also known as Chaoxian. Hunan Xinhua people. He studied in Japan, the United States and other places, and after returning to China, he devoted himself to education. In the autumn of 3 1 year, he served as the vice president of May 4th Middle School. In 33, Su Hang Middle School was founded. In 36 years (1947), he moved to Changsha in the spring. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a member of Beijing Editorial Society from 65438 to 0956, engaged in editorial work. At the end of the same year, he was hired as a librarian of Hunan Literature and History Museum. He is the author of "Questions and Answers on Opening Experimental Classes in Chongde Junior Middle School".

Introduction to Heyuan:

Heyuan is a prefecture-level city 1988 1.7 approved by the State Council, which governs Yuancheng District, Dongyuan County, Longchuan County, Zijin County, Lianping County and peace county. There are 1 19 township and sub-district offices in the city. By September 20th, 2003, the whole city had merged 17 townships as required, accounting for 14.8% of the total number of townships. There are 98 townships, 4 sub-district offices, 1394 village committees and 149 community neighborhood committees in the city.

Heyuan City is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, in the middle and upper reaches of Dongjiang River. Its range is from east longitude 1 14 minutes to north latitude 1 15 degrees 36 minutes to 24 degrees 27 minutes. It borders Meizhou and Shanwei in the east, Huizhou in the south, Shaoguan and Huizhou in the west and Jiangxi Province in the north. Urban area 1.58 million square kilometers. Heyuan is the first city in Beijing and Kowloon to enter Guangdong, and it is also the city with the longest railway in Guangdong Province. Beijing-Kowloon Railway, Guangzhou-Meishan Railway, 105 National Highway, 205 National Highway and expressway, He Hui have built a transportation network extending in all directions in Heyuan, which is an important transportation hub in northeast Guangdong.

Heyuan is like a pearl embedded on the bank of Dongjiang River, and Heyuan City is different from Tea City. Dongjiang flows through the city from north to south, Xinfeng River surrounds the city from west to east, and the two rivers meet in the east of the city, which makes the whole city surrounded by water on three sides and looks like a raft floating on the water, hence the name.

With Xinfengjiang as the boundary, the tea city is divided into new and old cities. The old city has a history of 1500 years. In 492 AD, after the city was built in 65,438+0,988, a new city was built in Jiangbei. The old is new, leaving us with many historical and cultural landscapes and proud modern miracles.

People say that Heyuan is a beautiful city, with flowers everywhere, beautiful vegetation and fresh air, but let's imagine, where can a city without water be beautiful? Indeed, Heyuan is "one city with scenery and half city with water". In addition to the two rivers, there is also an artificial lake with a long history-crocodile lake. The two rivers and one lake show the image of a landscape tourist city with "green mountains and green waters, blue lakes and clear waters" in Heyuan, forming a clear, bright and beautiful urban landscape in which modernity and tradition blend harmoniously.

Heyuan history:

Heyuan belonged to the southern Xinjiang of Yangzhou in ancient times, Chu in the Warring States period and Longchuan County in Qin dynasty. In the first year of Qi Yongming in the Southern Dynasties (483), Longchuan was located in Heyuan County, belonging to Nanhai County. In 503, Nantianliang belonged to Lianghua County, Sui and Tang Dynasties belonged to Zhou Xun, and in the first year of Ganheng in Nanhan (9 17), Zhou Xun was divided into Zhou Zhen and Zhou Xun, and Heyuan belonged to Zhou Xun. In the fifth year of Song Tianxi (102 1), Zhou Zhen was changed to Huizhou. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), Zhou Xun was merged into Huizhou, and the Heyuan area was attached to Chaoshun Road in Guangdong Province in 19 13, directly under the Dongjiang Management Committee of Guangdong Revolutionary Government. After the founding of New China, it successively belonged to Dongjiang Administrative Committee, Dongjiang Administrative Office, Yuedong Administrative Office, Shaoguan District and Huiyang District. 1988 65438+1October 7th, the State Council approved the cancellation of Heyuan County and the establishment of Heyuan City, which governs Yuancheng District, Suburb, Longchuan County, Zijin County, Lianping County and peace county; On March 2nd, 1988, the municipal party committee and the municipal government officially put into operation. 1In August, 1992, Heyuan City was incorporated into the coastal economic open zone with the approval of the State Council, becoming an area that can enjoy preferential policies for both mountainous areas and coastal open zones. 1993165438+1On October 8th, the State Council approved the abolition of the suburb of Heyuan City and the establishment of Dongyuan County, with the county party committee and county government stationed in Tangxian Mujing. Heyuan City is the center of Hakka settlement in Dongjiang River Basin. During the "Baiyue" period, Vietnamese in Jiangsu and Zhejiang were scattered among ethnic minorities, which played an important role in Guangdong's opening up. After Qin Ping Baiyue, he moved to Guangdong and Guangxi, settled in Shaanxi and Gansu, and brought the Yellow River culture. Since then, in the Central Plains war, groups of immigrants have entered Lingnan. These people who moved south assimilated with the local aborigines and gradually formed Hakka civilization.

Heyuan future:

Heyuan City was established in 1988 65438+ 10, which is a young city in Guangdong Province and a new city on the Beijing-Kowloon Line. It governs six counties, namely Yuancheng, Heping, Longchuan, Zijin, Dongyuan and Li Anping, with a total area of15,800 square kilometers and a population of 3.22 million.

Heyuan has a long history. As early as 10000 BC to 4000 BC, there were human beings in the middle and upper reaches of Dongjiang River where Heyuan City was located. In 2 14 BC, the Qin dynasty set up a county in this area to rule. The first county magistrate was Zhao Tuo, who later unified Lingnan and was named the King of South Vietnam by Emperor Gaozu. The county seat is located in Tuo Town, Longchuan County. There are Neolithic sites, Zhengxiang Pagoda in the Tang Dynasty, Guifeng Pagoda in the Song Dynasty, and the ancestral home of Sun Yat-sen (the first generation of Cantonese in Fujian). It has a long history and outstanding people.

Heyuan is backed by mountains, offshore and has a superior geographical position. Heyuan is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province, the middle and upper reaches of Dongjiang River, and the edge of the Pearl River Delta. Historically, it once belonged to the same district as Huizhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen and Shanwei. The urban area is less than 200 kilometers away from Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Heyuan is actually the junction of inland and coastal areas. This unique location is not only conducive to receiving economic radiation from coastal areas, but also conducive to communicating with domestic and foreign markets.

Heyuan has convenient transportation and perfect infrastructure. Heyuan is the first city that Beijing and Kowloon entered Guangdong. Beijing-Kowloon Railway enters Heyuan via Jiangxi Province, passes through three counties and urban areas, and connects with Guangmeishan Railway in Longchuan County, setting up the largest marshalling station in South China. National Highway 105, 25 runs through the city, and the planned expressway such as He Hui and Hemei are under construction. This constitutes a transportation network extending in all directions in Heyuan city, making Heyuan a transportation hub in northeast Guangdong. In addition, a modern communication network centered on the urban area has been formed, and the telephone exchange between urban and rural areas has been programmed and transmitted digitally. In addition, it has a class I port.

Heyuan is rich in natural resources and has great development potential. Heyuan is a "deep water tower", and the two largest reservoirs in the province, Xinfengjiang Reservoir and Fengshuba Reservoir, are located at Heyuan. The endless Dongjiang water not only nourishes the eastern part of the Pearl River Delta, but also flows into Hong Kong through the Shen Dong Water Supply Project. Domestic hydropower reserves are 6.5438+0.3 million kilowatts, and there are still 400,000 kilowatts to be developed. At the same time, the development value and potential of clean water resources and high-quality freshwater aquaculture are huge, and the natural clean water of Xinfengjiang is exported to more than 0 cities in China. Heyuan is the hometown of minerals, with more than 40 kinds of proven minerals, among which iron ore, fluorite and rare earth are the first in the province. In addition, lead-zinc ore, tungsten ore, limestone and porcelain clay are also very rich and easy to mine. Heyuan is a mountainous and forested place. The mountainous area of the city is180,000 mu, of which the gentle slope below 25 degrees is180,000 mu. The city's forest coverage rate reached 72%, and the standing stock reached 30.927 million cubic meters. Heyuan is an eco-tourism resort with beautiful scenery and many cultural relics. Daguishan Scenic Area adjacent to the urban area is the largest evergreen broad-leaved forest area on the Tropic of Cancer and a new brand of green eco-tourism in Guangdong. There is the highest fountain in Asia in the city center, with a spraying height of 169 m; Heyuan was once the hometown of dinosaur diseases, and dinosaur skeleton fossils and a large number of dinosaur eggs were unearthed in the urban area. With clean water and beautiful environment, the urban area is one of the three cities in China 13 whose atmospheric environment quality has reached the national first-class standard, and it is also the environmental protection education base in Guangdong Province. There are many scenic spots in the county, including Bitou Mountain in Li Anping, which is known as "Small Guilin", Huanglong Longyan in Zhangxi, Xianyan in Tian Li, Huoshan in Longchuan and Jiulongwan in Fengshuba, which is known as "Danxia in East Guangdong".

Heyuan has a perfect service system and excellent investment environment. In order to attract foreign investment, the municipal government has formulated a series of preferential policies, giving preferential treatment in land price, water and electricity, taxes and fees, etc. It is stipulated that foreign-invested enterprises that hold productive projects in urban areas only pay taxes according to regulations and do not charge any administrative fees. In order to simplify procedures and improve efficiency, the municipal government has set up a special foreign investment office, which implements the "three ones" system of "one window" to approve projects, "one train" to accept complaints and "one hole" to charge fees, and relevant functional departments have formulated foreign service commitment systems respectively. In order to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign businessmen, the municipal government has specially issued a "green card" for foreign businessmen.

Since the establishment of 14, the economy and society of Heyuan City have developed greatly, and the urban and rural appearance has changed greatly. The "three highs" agriculture with the construction of modern agricultural demonstration area and "one million mu fruit base" as the breakthrough has flourished; The "industrial corridor" running through the urban area has begun to take shape, the foreign economy is unprecedentedly active, the investment is heating up, and the scale is gradually expanding. In the new historical period, Heyuan will highlight four strategies: characteristic economy, loan development, revitalizing the city through science and education and sustainable development, and make great efforts to create three advantages: system innovation, opening to the outside world and resource transformation, so as to promote the sustained, rapid and healthy development of the national economy and all-round social progress. Make further use of the advantages of landscape resources, vigorously develop "three highs" agriculture, actively promote the process of agricultural industrialization, and build Heyuan into a strong agricultural city on the Beijing-Kowloon Line and a "vegetable basket" base in the Pearl River Delta; Make use of the location advantage of the coastal and inland junction, constantly optimize the environment, expand opening up, and build Heyuan into an investment and industrial treasure to undertake coastal industrial transfer; Make full use of the advantages of good ecological resources, vigorously develop eco-tourism and build Heyuan into a unique national excellent tourist city; Make use of the advantages of mineral resources, water resources and agricultural and sideline products to form a processing industry based on resource development.

Although Heyuan is a secondary development zone in Guangdong Province, it has great development potential and bright prospects. We sincerely welcome customers at home and abroad to invest in the industry and go hand in hand to create a better future.

First, the origin of Hakka

The so-called Hakka refers to the Han nationality in the Central Plains, originally from Henan Province. They moved south during the Eastern Jin War and began to become a group of residents with "special identity". In the subsequent migration, they gradually formed today's unique Hakka family. Hakka clan is a branch of Han nationality in China. The most obvious feature of Hakka people is that they can speak Hakka dialect, which is one of the eight major dialects of the Han nationality.

In history, the Hakkas have moved south five times, with time delay 1500 years.

The first great migration was in AD 3 17-879, when Emperor Huaidi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty came to power. Because the northwest minorities invaded the Central Plains, the situation of "Five Wild China" which had a far-reaching influence on the Han nationality was formed, and many officials and people in the Central Plains also crossed the Yellow River to the south. In order to avoid confusion with the original household registration, these new household registration are called "guests". This is the first time that the word "guest" has appeared in China Citizen Travel Service.

The second great migration was from 880 to 1 126. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao sent troops for an uprising, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms caused chaos in the world. Hakka ancestors moved from Anhui and Jiangxi to southern Jiangnan, northwestern Fujian and northern Guangdong.

The third great migration was in the period of 1 127- 1644. Jin and Yuan invaded one after another and crossed the river to the south. During this process, many Hakkas were lucky enough to participate in the Wang Qin War to defend the Song Dynasty and resist the Yuan soldiers. After the death of the Song Dynasty, they had to retreat to more remote eastern and northern Guangdong.

The fourth great migration was from 1645- 1843. In order to win the hearts and minds of the south, Emperor Kangxi gave 8 taels of silver to every man and 4 taels to women and children, and encouraged Hakkas to move to Sichuan, Guangxi and Taiwan Province provinces. Comrade Zhu De's ancestors, who have always been proud of Hakkas, moved from Shaoguan to Sichuan in this migration.

The fifth great migration took place after 1866, at the end of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, is a Hakka. After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, many Hakkas moved to the south with remote intelligence and even overseas areas such as Southeast Asia under the pressure of the Qing government.

At present, there are about 45 million Hakkas in the world. There are 40 million people in China and about 5 million people abroad. Overseas Hakkas are widely distributed, especially in Southeast Asia. Singapore's Lee Kuan Yew and internationally renowned writer Han are both Hakkas. There are Hakka people living in 17 provinces and 185 cities and counties in China. Among them, there are 50 Chunke counties where Hakka people account for more than 95%, and the most concentrated places of Hakka people are Gannan, Minnan and northern Guangdong. There are more than 20 million Hakkas in Guangdong, accounting for nearly 30% of the province's total population, including Chunke County 15.

Heyuan, as a pure Hakka area in Dongjiang River Basin, the earliest Hakka ancestors can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty. In 2 14 BC, after Qin Shihuang pacified South Vietnam, in order to further develop Lingnan, Tusui, Ren Tao and Zhao Tuo were sent to station 500,000 troops, and hundreds of thousands of "sinners" were also ordered to be sent to Lingnan. Zhao Tuo was the county magistrate of Longchuan and then the king of South Vietnam. The residents with four surnames of Zhao, Wei, Guan and Ren in Longchuan are the first people from the Central Plains who entered Longchuan to live with the local aborigines. However, as the time when the Hakkas migrated to Heyuan on a large scale, it should be pushed back to the third migration period of Hakkas, that is, 1 127- 1644.

In the long historical process, Heyuan people have been inheriting the excellent traditional virtues and humanistic spirit of Hakka people. The folk song culture in Meixian County, Guangdong Province is unique. Dongjiang Hakka dishes in Heyuan are more distinctive.

Second, Hakka customs.

Hakka customs generally include national traditional festivals, local sacrifices and rituals.

(1) major festivals:

☆ Spring Festival: It is the most solemn festival with New Year greetings and entertainment activities.

Beginning of spring: It's spring.

Lantern Festival: The 15th day of the first month is the traditional Lantern Festival in China. Eat, play and enjoy the Lantern Festival in solving riddles.

☆ February 2: Festival.

☆ Qingming: Hakka grave-sweeping customs mostly start from the vernal equinox, and Qingming reaches its climax.

☆ Dragon Boat Festival: Hakka people generally call it May Festival. The main contents of the festival are eating zongzi, realgar wine and dragon boat racing.

☆ July Festival: Ghost Festival.

☆ Mid-Autumn Festival: commonly known as August Festival. Eating moon cakes and enjoying the moon are generally the same.

☆ Double Ninth Festival: Hakka people call it "September Festival".

☆ Solstice of winter: Hakkas have a saying that "winter is a big festival".

(2) Marriage customs:

Hakka's marriage customs are deeply influenced by ancient fashion, the main purpose of which is to carry on the family line, but Yu Wen and Zhang Li are free to fall in love. The marriage between men and women in Hakka pays attention to "being suitable for each other", and the formal marriage relationship in Hakka society is a kind of "marrying into a rich family", and the wind of uxorilocal is not prevalent.

Most of the procedures and ceremonies still follow the old habits, such as blind date, dating, date announcement, bride price, dowry, bride reception, wedding ceremony and so on.

(3) Folk entertainment:

Hakka folk entertainment is very rich in content. The main festivals are Yangko, Dragon Boat Race, Lantern Ride, Dragon Lantern Dance, Lion Dance, Teacher on stilts, Lantern Greeting, Lantern Ride, Drumming, Musical Instrument Concert, Performance and Fireworks. Usually there are folk songs, ditty singing, piano playing, guzheng playing, erhu playing, flute playing, chess playing and gobang playing.