Why is five insurances and one gold important?

Because after working for a long time, you will find this is a necessary guarantee, especially for girls. With the growth of age, getting married and having children is the only way. Therefore, when changing identity, regular companies will give reasonable protection to reduce the economic burden and psychological burden, especially the provident fund is very useful for buying a house. Compared with commercial loans, it will reduce a lot of economic pressure, and maternity insurance will also play an important role in girls' pregnancy and childbirth. Endowment insurance is also an important economic pillar after retirement. There is still a big difference between having these and not having them, especially for medical insurance reimbursement. Now the hospital can go bankrupt at its own expense. Therefore, many people want to take an examination of civil servants and institutions. Considering the pension problem, it is much higher than the pension of enterprises. The proportion of medical insurance reimbursement is also different.

Look at the detailed interpretation:

Now many college graduates are just entering the workplace. They are very concerned about the superficial salary, but often ignore the importance of five insurances and one gold.

Some informal companies don't pay employees five insurances and one gold, or pay them according to the local minimum wage standard, and they also call them "employees are good": you just graduated from college with little savings and need to spend a lot of money. If you pay more for five insurances and one gold, your salary will be very small, so paying less for five insurances and one gold at the beginning is beneficial to your wealth accumulation.

If you meet this kind of company, I suggest you leave as soon as possible. Let's talk about how important five insurances and one gold are to employees.

Five insurances and one gold refer to endowment insurance, medical insurance, maternity insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and housing accumulation fund; Among them, unemployment insurance is the most useless, and the conditions for receiving unemployment benefits are extremely harsh and troublesome. It doesn't matter whether you pay it or not. The use of industrial injury insurance is not very great, and the number of industrial injuries is very small. What we want to talk about is endowment insurance, medical insurance, maternity insurance and housing accumulation fund.

I. Endowment insurance

Endowment insurance is the insurance with the highest payment ratio among the five insurances. In Beijing (the same below), the unit pays 19% and the individual pays 8%. Units pay into the overall fund, and individuals pay into personal accounts. After retirement, employees can receive a pension every month, and the amount of pension will be adjusted every year. For example, the growth rate was 5.5% this year, 6.5% last year and 10% in the previous decade.

The amount of pension is related to three factors: the average salary of employees in the whole province last year, the indexed average payment salary during my working period, and the working years.

We can't control the average wage in the province. What we can control is our salary and working years. The higher the personal salary, the longer the working years, and the more pensions you receive after retirement.

However, it is worth noting that the personal salary here is not the salary you pay on the surface, but the social security contribution base. If the company doesn't pay you social security, your contribution salary is 0. If the company pays you social security according to the local minimum wage, your contribution wage is the local minimum wage. It can be said that the more social security contributions, the more pensions you receive.

Some people are skeptical about old-age insurance, and they will postpone retirement in the future. They can't get their pension until they are 65 years old, and they can't get the money in their pension account until they are 80 or 90 years old. But what you need to know is that when calculating this account, the company's contribution is also included. You should know that the contribution of a company is 2-3 times that of an individual. In fact, as long as everyone can collect the money from their personal accounts, it is enough.

If the money in the pension account dies before it is fully collected, the money in the individual pension account can be inherited.

When we retire in old age, pension is one of our most important sources of income. If you don't pay endowment insurance, can you ensure that you have enough savings or other economic income to support the elderly?

Second, medical insurance.

Medical insurance is also very important for employees. The unit pays 8% and the individual pays 2%. In addition, 3 yuan's medical insurance for critical illness can be reimbursed for basic common diseases in outpatient and inpatient departments of designated medical institutions. Medical insurance can guarantee a maximum of 654.38+10,000 yuan a year, and comprehensive insurance for serious illness can guarantee a maximum of 300,000 yuan a year.

Think about it, people who don't usually have serious illnesses or minor disasters are sick, which is a situation that everyone will encounter. If you encounter incurable diseases, the medical expenses will be very high, which is difficult for individuals to bear, but the insurance amount of 300,000 can basically cope with most diseases.

However, it should be noted that there is a starting point for medical insurance reimbursement, starting from 1.800 yuan for outpatient service, 1.300 yuan for hospitalization, and starting from 650 yuan for the excess. That is to say, the outpatient service costs 5,000 yuan a year, which is within the scope of reimbursement, at its own expense 1.800 yuan, and the medical reimbursement costs 3,200 yuan.

Third, maternity insurance.

Maternity insurance is obviously an insurance for women, but it doesn't mean that men don't have to pay it. If neither husband nor wife has a job, the cost of birth check-up and hospitalization can be reimbursed from the man's unit. What's important is that maternity insurance is only paid by companies, accounting for 0.8%, and individuals don't have to pay it, so don't worry about whether men need to pay it.

Maternity insurance has three main purposes:

First, the reimbursement of prenatal examination and hospitalization production expenses, the upper limit of prenatal examination reimbursement is 1400 yuan, the upper limit of delivery reimbursement in tertiary hospitals is 3,000 yuan, and the upper limit of caesarean section reimbursement is 4,400 yuan;

The second is maternity leave, which varies from region to region. Generally, the shortest is 128 days, such as Beijing, and the longest is one year, such as Tibet.

The third is the maternity allowance during maternity leave, which is also the most important one, and the amount is much higher than the cost of birth inspection and production. The amount of maternity allowance is equal to the average salary base issued by the company in the month of delivery ÷30× maternity leave days. If the average monthly salary (social security contribution base, that is, the average salary of the previous year) of employees in the company is 8,000 yuan, maternity leave is 128 days, and maternity allowance is 34 133 yuan. Another thing to know is that maternity allowance is a higher one between your own salary and the average salary of your unit. If the personal salary is higher than the average salary of the unit, the unit needs to pay extra compensation for the higher part.

If you don't work for more than four months, you can get so much maternity allowance without paying a penny. Is this a good deal?

At present, women are at a disadvantage in the workplace. If there is no national compulsory maternity insurance, how many companies are willing to let you take maternity leave for free and pay you a few months' salary?

Four. housing accumulation fund

Housing accumulation fund is the most "genuine" one of the five insurances and one gold, with a very high gold content. Both individuals and units pay 12%. Different from the five insurances, 24% of the monthly provident fund is owned by individuals and directly credited to the personal provident fund account, and houses, rentals, renovations and even major diseases can be withdrawn.

For a simple and rude example, if your monthly salary is 6.5438+0.5 million yuan, the contribution ratio of provident fund is 50%, and individuals and units each pay 5,000 yuan, totaling 6.5438+0.5 million yuan. Although you only get 5000 yuan, the actual salary is 654.38+0.5 million yuan, but if you don't pay the provident fund, the salary is still 654.38+0.5 million yuan.

Therefore, for individuals, the higher the deposit ratio of the provident fund, the better. However, according to the regulations, the maximum contribution ratio of the provident fund is 12%.

To sum up, it can be seen that the importance of five insurances and one gold for employees is indeed very great. Although the salary on the surface is less, the invisible benefits of employees are increasing. We often hear that the proportion of five insurances and one gold payment is too high, and the clamor is basically enterprises, because the proportion paid by enterprises is much higher than that of individuals.

If a company doesn't pay you five insurances and one gold, or give you a minimum wage, it is equivalent to playing hooligans. This is definitely a very stingy and informal company, and its development prospects will not be too good.

"Five insurances" refers to five kinds of insurance, including endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance; "One gold" refers to the housing accumulation fund. Among them, old-age insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance are all premiums paid by enterprises and individuals, while industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance are entirely borne by enterprises, and individuals do not need to pay them.

It is very important to pay five insurances and one gold. If you don't pay five insurances and one gold, there will be no retirement pension in the future, that is, there will be no retirement salary. This problem is serious. Others have a one-time housing provident fund, which can be withdrawn after retirement, and it is also a lot of money. Tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. And you don't have a medical insurance account, so it will be a burden to see a doctor in the future, all at your own expense.

It is very important to fully understand the five insurances and one gold.

The specific social security composition ratio is:

Endowment insurance: the unit pays 2 1% for you every month, and you pay 8% yourself;

Medical insurance: the unit pays 9% for you every month, and you pay 2% plus 10 yuan major illness co-ordination (major illness co-ordination mainly covers hospitalization);

Unemployment insurance: the company pays you 2% every month, and you pay it yourself1%;

Work injury insurance: the unit pays 0.5% for you every month, and you don't have to pay a penny yourself;

Maternity insurance: the unit pays you 0.8% every month, and you don't have to pay a penny yourself;

Housing accumulation fund: the unit pays you 8% every month, and you pay 8% more yourself. Therefore, the monthly social security contribution of the company should be 21%+9%+2%+0.5%+0.8%+ 8% = 41.3%, and the monthly social security contribution of the company should be 8%+.

Leaving aside 10 paid by Yuan You for the time being, the ratio paid by the company and that paid by you should be 4 13: 190, which means that if you pay 190 yuan social security for you every month, the company will credit 4 13 yuan into your social security account. The money added to your social security account every month should be 4 13+ 190 = 603 yuan, so the social security fee paid by the company is actually more than twice as much as yours when you can't see it, so don't feel bad when you pay the social security fee every month ~ You should know that the company pays much more than you, and it is actually the company that feels bad. Back to three insurances and one gold and five insurances and one gold, everyone should have seen it here. In fact, the three insurances and one gold mentioned in Jianghu are completely equal to five insurances and one gold, except that the three insurances and one gold come from the insurance paid by you personally (pension+medical care+unemployment+provident fund), and the five insurances and one gold come from the insurance paid by your company (pension+medical care+unemployment+work injury+maternity+provident fund). Just say that three insurances and one gold are five insurances and one gold. In addition to the company can pay social security for you, in fact, people who don't have a job but have income or people who have a company but don't pay social security can also pay social security themselves, but individuals can only pay pension insurance+medical insurance, work injury, maternity, unemployment and provident fund, which you can't pay personally.

Let me first introduce what is the social insurance payment base. Just now, we all know that the social security contribution ratio paid by the company every month is almost 4 13: 190. Now, there is another question: What is the relationship between the social insurance premium I pay each month and this ratio? How is the social insurance premium determined? You may not have noticed that every province and city issues the "Minimum Payment Base of Social Insurance" at the beginning of July every year. This base is based on the average salary of employees+welfare+various subsidies in the previous year, which is determined after statistical calculation. The minimum base number announced by Nanjing in July this year is 1 189 yuan. What does this mean? It means that as long as Nanjing is a company that pays social security for employees, the minimum monthly payment for each employee is1189× 41.3% = 491yuan, and the minimum monthly payment for employees is1189×/kloc. But now there is a new problem. The wages of employees in Nanjing vary greatly. Some people earn 1000 a month, while others earn 10000 a month. Does it mean that people who get 1000 pay the same social security fee as those who get 10000? Please note that this 1 189 is the lowest cardinal number, and above 1 189 is the highest.

In the actual recruitment process, we often meet all kinds of job seekers. Almost all job seekers will ask a question after the interview: Does the company buy five insurances and one gold? Seemingly the same question, in fact, everyone has different intentions. To sum up, there are three main types: the first type is employees who want the company to buy five insurances and one gold. The characteristics of such employees are: relatively high salary, relatively high education, long-term development in the local area and stable living conditions; The second is that it doesn't matter whether you buy it or not; The third hope is that the company will not buy five insurances and one gold. The characteristics of this kind of employees are: the general salary is relatively low, and the positions they are engaged in are relatively low-end. They may go to work in different places at any time and their living conditions are unstable.

From these three different intentions, we can see why an employee has different views on five insurances and one gold, because most people's choices are based on immediate interests. In fact, five insurances and one gold are a guarantee for long-term interests. For many people, you may have been paying for a short time, but there is no return, because the monthly expenditure of five insurances and one gold has greatly reduced your monthly salary, and you are a very healthy young man with no accidents, so five insurances and one gold are just a tool to deduct money for you.

All of the above may be based on your ignorance of five insurances and one gold:

First, understand five insurances and one gold. "Five insurances" refers to five insurances, including endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance, and "one gold" refers to housing accumulation fund. Let's take Shenzhen as an example to illustrate the base and proportion of payment. Other places should be similar, you can refer to it!

1, payment base

Shenzhen household registration personnel:

Pension insurance payment base: 2030