What is a Gramineae weed?

Question 1: What do you mean by gramineous weeds? Gramineae weeds are weeds in green grasslands and wheat fields. Plants belonging to Gramineae have the following characteristics:

Generally, there are hollow rods with solid knots at intervals. Leaves come out from both sides of the knot in turn, and the leaves with the same knot are born on a plane with parallel veins. Each leaf is divided into three parts, the lower part wraps the pole, and the upper part is independent, with a film or a circle of fine hairs between them. Flowers are small, have no petals, and are pollinated by the wind. The fruit is caryopsis.

Common weeds mainly include the following:

Millet, Gramineae. Also known as "grasping the root grass" and "chicken claw grass".

Morphological characteristics: the base of the stem begins to tilt, and it is easy to take root after landing between nodes, smooth and hairless, with a plant height of 40- 100cm. Leaf blade is lanceolate, strip-shaped, both sides are sparse or hairless, leaf sheath is shorter than internode, and there are many soft hairs with warty base; Ligule obtuse and round membranous. Racemes 3- 10, arranged in fingers, and the lower part is nearly whorled; Spikelets are usually twins, one with stalks and the other with sessile stalks; The first glume is small, the second glume is long, and the edge is ciliated; The first lemma is as long as the spikelet, with 5-7 veins, with unequal vein spacing and hairless, and the second lemma covers the palea. Caryophylls are oval and transparent. Seed propagation. The difference between red crabgrass and red crabgrass is that there are only 3-4 racemes, 2-8 cm long, and 2-3 spikelets are attached to each node of the spike axis; The first lemma is 5-veined, with rod-like hairs between veins and edges; The second lemma is dark brown when it matures.

When the temperature is lower than 20℃, the crabgrass germinates slowly, and it germinates fastest at 25-40℃. The optimum relative humidity for seed germination is 63%-92%. The optimum depth is 1-5cm. The moist and fertile plots are flourishing, which occur in large numbers from late April to late June, bear fruit from August to June, and the seeds fall off when they are mature, with strong vitality. Mature seeds have dormancy habits. Cauliflower is one of the most important weeds in late spring, and it is mostly found in wetlands on banks, fields or wilderness.

Barnyardgrass belongs to the genus Panicum. It is also known as barnyard grass, barnyard grass, barnyard grass, etc.

Morphological characteristics: the stalks are clustered, with bent or erect knees at the base, and the plant height is 50- 130 cm. Leaf blade strips, glabrous; Leaf sheath smooth and leafless tongue. Panicle slightly spreading, erect or curved; Racemes are usually branched, oblique or adnate; Spikelet has two oval flowers, about 3 mm long, with verrucous hairs, densely distributed on one side of spike axis; Glumes have 3-5 veins; The first lemma has 5-7 veins, and the apex has 5-30 mm awn; The top of the second lemma is pointed, rough and spore-like. Lilacs are beige and oval. Seed propagation. Seeds ovoid, oval, yellow-brown.

Ecological characteristics are common weeds in ditches, paddy fields and their surroundings, which are born in wetlands or water. It can germinate when the average temperature is above 65438 02℃. The optimum germination temperature is 25-35℃, which is lower than 10℃ and cannot germinate above 45℃. The germination rate is the highest when the soil is moist and there is no water layer. The seeds of barnyard grass with a soil depth of more than 8 cm do not germinate and can be dormant for the second time. In dry soil, the emergence depth is 0-9 cm and the emergence rate is 0-3 cm. Barnyardgrass in Northeast China and North China began to emerge in late April, and grew until mid-August, usually heading and flowering in early July, with a growth period of 76- 130 days. There is a peak in Shanghai in early and middle May, and there may be another peak in September.

White grass is a perennial herb of Gramineae.

Morphological characteristics: The culms are solitary or clustered, erect, with a plant height of 30- 120cm. The leaves are strip-shaped, the leaf sheath is hairless, and some scabbard mouths and edges are hairy. Ligule short and hairy. Spike panicles are cylindrical; The main shaft is angular, with or without hairiness and short branches; Branchlets setae white to brownish purple; There are 1-2 flowers on the spikelet, which are solitary or 2-3 flowers clustered in the involucre; The first glume is very small; The second type is spikelet 1/2-3/4 with 3-5 veins; The first lemma is as long as the spikelet; The grain is almost as long as the spikelet.

Ecological characteristics like to grow in dry places on hillsides or roadsides, and are common weeds on the edge of the ground and in nurseries.

Question 2: What's the difference between Sabina vulgaris, Gramineae weeds and broadleaf weeds? Specifically, we know that weeds are mainly divided into Gramineae weeds, Cyperaceae weeds and broadleaf weeds in chemical weeding.

Their simple difference is that:

(1) Gramineae weeds:

Features: The stem is round or slightly flat, with obvious difference between nodes, hollow nodes, open middle sheath and often tongue-shaped. Embryo has 1 cotyledon, narrow and long leaves, parallel veins, sessile leaves and fibrous roots, such as barnyard grass, crabgrass, cattail, dried grass, etc.

(2) Cyperaceae weeds

Features: The stem is triangular or oblate, with no difference between nodes, and the stem is often solid. The individual is cylindrical and hollow. The leaf sheath does not open and there is no tongue. Embryo has 1 cotyledon, with long and narrow leaves, parallel veins and sessile leaves. Such as Cyperus rotundus, broken Miscanthus, Pinus bungeana and so on.

(3) The main morphological characteristics of broad-leaved weeds are that the leaves are round, heart-shaped or rhombic, the veins are usually reticulate, and the stems are round or quadrangular (square). Such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, annual awnings, dripping vegetables, etc.

Gramineae weeds and Cyperaceae weeds are also collectively called monocotyledonous weeds. Broadleaf weeds are also called dicotyledonous weeds.

So what's the difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons?

We know that angiosperms (most plants are not angiosperms) are divided into dicotyledonous plants and monocotyledonous plants. The fundamental difference between them is whether two cotyledons or one cotyledon are developed in the embryo of the seed. Two cotyledons are called dicotyledonous plants and one is called monocotyledonous plants. The former such as apples and soybeans; The latter are rice and corn. These two plants are easy to distinguish because they have some obvious differences in morphology. Dicotyledonous plants have basically straight roots and developed taproots; Many are woody plants, and their stems can be continuously thickened; Vein is reticular vein; The number of sepals and petals of a flower is 5 or 4, and if the petals are together, there are 5 or 4 lobes. The root system of monocotyledonous plants is basically fibrous root system, and the main root is underdeveloped; Herbs are the main plants, few woody plants, and the stems usually cannot be thickened year by year; Veins are parallel veins, and the number of sepals and petals in flowers is usually 3 or multiples of 3. Using the above differences, monocotyledons and dicotyledons can be easily distinguished.

Monocotyledon dicotyledonous plants

1. Embryo has 1 lobule. The embryo has two leaflets.

2. The taproot is underdeveloped and forms a root system. 2. The taproots are developed, mostly taproots.

3. The vascular bundles are scattered and there is no cambium. 3. Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring with cambium.

4. Leaves with parallel veins or arc veins 4. Leaves with reticulate veins

5. Flowers are always 3, less than 4 and no 5. There are always five or four flowers, and there are very few three.

6. Pollen has 1 germination hole. 6. Pollen has three germination holes.

Dicotyledonous plants account for 4/5 of the total angiosperms. Besides almost all trees, dicotyledonous plants also include many fruits, melons, fibers, oils and many vegetables. Monocotyledons have a large number of edible plants, such as rice, corn, barley, wheat, sorghum and so on.

Question 3: What kind of gramineous weed is this? cogon

Baidu, please.

Question 4: How to distinguish gramineous weeds from broadleaf crops? Generally speaking, gramineous weeds belong to monocotyledons, willow leaves and compensatory veins, such as barnyard grass;

Broad-leaved crops are dicotyledonous plants with oval leaves and transverse veins, such as soybeans.

Question 5: Weed Equisetum arvense belongs to Gramineae or broadleaf weed Equisetum arvense, also known as succession grass, male and female grass, holding grass, hollow grass, wasp grass, bristle grass, yellow grass, joint grass, elderberry and perennial herbs. The rhizome is underground and dark brown. The aboveground erect stem on the ground is produced by rhizome, slender, jointed and internodes, usually hollow, with obvious longitudinal edges on the surface. There are fertile stems and sterile stems.

It belongs to broad-leaved weeds.

Question 6: Does this grass belong to Gramineae or broadleaf weed? What herbicide is used to weed? Cyperaceae weeds. Gramineae weeds have hollow stems. From the picture, if there is no hollow stalk in the picture you sent, you can use broad shake to control it. Yangling lvbao

Question 7: What herbicides should be used to control broadleaf weeds and gramineous weeds? First of all, please indicate whether it is open space or crop land.

Broad-leaved weeds can be sprayed with 10% fluoroglycofen 20-30ml water 15kg, and the effect is quick and obvious. You can also spray 25% fomesafen 40ml with water 15kg, which also takes effect quickly and the weeds die completely.

Gramineous weeds can be sprayed with 10.8% quizalofop-ethyl 30ml and water 15kg.

The above pesticides are all selective herbicides, and the above two kinds can be mixed in the mixed field of broadleaf weeds and gramineous weeds.

The results showed that 4 1% glyphosate 200ml+ 10% fluoroglycofen 20-30ml water 15kg can be directly sprayed on the whole field, and the effect is also very good.

I hope it helps you.

Question 8: What are weeds in the field? There are many kinds of weeds in Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Polygonaceae.

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Weeds (weeds)

Various plant groups that hinder and interfere with human production and living environment other than target crops. Mainly herbs, but also some small shrubs, ferns and algae. There are about 8,000 kinds of weeds in the world, of which only 250 are mainly related to agricultural production. There are about 1 19 families 1200 kinds of weeds in China. In addition to botany, weeds can be divided into aquatic, swamp, hygrophytic and xerophytic plants according to their adaptability to water, Gramineae, Cyperus and broadleaf plants according to the needs of chemical control, and weeds can also be classified according to their nutritional types, growth habits and propagation methods. Its biological characteristics are: many modes of transmission, strong ability of reproduction and regeneration, generally shorter than the life cycle of crops, mature seeds falling with maturity, strong stress resistance and high photosynthetic efficiency. The harm of weeds in farmland mainly includes: competing with crops for nutrients, water, sunshine and space, hindering ventilation and light transmission in the field, increasing local climate temperature, and some of them are intermediate hosts of pests and diseases, which promotes the occurrence of pests and diseases; Parasitic weeds directly absorb nutrients from crops, thus reducing the yield and quality of crops. In addition, the seeds or pollen of some weeds contain toxins, which can poison people and animals.

Among more than 300,000 plants in the world, there are more than 30,000 kinds of weeds, accounting for about one tenth of the total number of plants. Among them, about 1800 kinds of weeds cause different degrees of losses to agricultural production every year. There are about 200 kinds of weeds growing in the main crop fields, among which 20-30 kinds are the most harmful. The distribution of these weeds is obviously different due to different regions, countries, climate and soil conditions, crops and cultivation methods. Holm et al. (1977) pointed out that there are 10 species of weeds that are the most harmful in the world. Most of these weeds are distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, and all kinds of weeds have uncontrollable ecological characteristics. For example, fake sorghum is widely distributed in the United States and has become the most difficult weed to control in soybean and corn fields; Barnyardgrass is distributed in paddy fields and dry land crops all over the world; In tropical and subtropical orchards and rubber orchards, imperata has become an uncontrollable weed. Weeds widely distributed all over the world include wild amaranth, amaranth spinosa, wild oat, Chenopodium album, Cyperus esculentum, crabgrass, Bahia grass and purslane. Due to the influence of climatic conditions, especially temperature and rainfall, the species and distribution of weeds in dry fields vary greatly around the world. For example, fake sorghum is widely distributed in Africa and the United States, and rarely distributed in Asian countries. Due to the consistency of ecological environment, the species and distribution of weeds in rice fields around the world are not very different. According to the statistics of Raju and Reddy( 1986), there are 350 kinds of weeds in rice fields all over the world, among which the Gramineae weeds mainly include barnyard grass, Miscanthus, Euphorbia humilis, paspalum and wild rice. The main weeds in Cyperaceae are: Carex purpurea. ), sea burclover, sedge. The main broad-leaved weeds are: Cymbidium sinense, Amaranth, Echinacea purpurea and Ipomoea aquatica. The main weeds in rice fields in Asia and the Pacific are barnyard grass, Eichhornia crassipes, Hedyotis diffusa, iris, iris parviflora and Eupatorium odoratum. , Miscanthus and Potatoes. Polygonum sagittatum L. Rush (Roxb. )ber...> & gt

Question 9: The difference between Gramineae and Gramineae weeds, that is, the difference between simple leaves and broad leaves, clarifies two conceptual problems: first, there is no category of Gramineae in plant taxonomy; Secondly, "single leaf" and "broad leaf" are two different concepts in plant morphology. Single leaf: only one leaf on the petiole is called a single leaf, which is relative to compound leaves, while broad leaves refer to wider leaves, but for needles, conifers are mainly gymnosperms, and broad leaves are mainly woody plants in angiosperms. "Single leaf" and "broad leaf" have the problem of crossing in leaf morphology. For example, the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora and peach are simple and broad-leaved, and the leaves of Aesculus chinensis are compound and broad-leaved.

Gramineae weeds are the main weeds in paddy and dry fields. The main feature is that the embryo has cotyledons, usually narrow and long, parallel veins, no petiole, open leaf sheaths, many tongues, round or flat stems, and hollow nodes and internodes. Leaves are simple and alternate, often arranged in two rows with 1/2 leaf order, which can be generally divided into three parts:

(1) leaf sheath. It wraps the internodes of the main stem and branches, usually open, covering its two edges, or the two edges heal to form a closed cylinder, and the base of the sheath can be slightly expanded.

(2) The ligule is located in the paraxial plane at the junction of the top of the leaf sheath and the leaf blade, which is usually a low-film thin sheet, or replaced by bristles at the sheath mouth, and it is not obvious or even without ligule. A protrusion, the auricle, can also protrude from both sides of the tip of the leaf sheath, and cilia or bristles often appear at the edge.

(3) Leaves, usually long and narrow, are also rectangular, oval, oval or lanceolate, and the base is directly attached to the top of the leaf sheath. The vegetative leaves of a few sessile grasses and bamboos can have petioles, and the leaves have two planes: the proximal axis (upper surface) and the distal axis (lower surface), which can be swept when they are undeveloped or dry, and there are several obvious midveins in 65,438+0.