What support policies does the state have for college students' entrepreneurship?

In recent years, in order to support college students' entrepreneurship, the competent authorities at all levels in China have issued many preferential policies, including financing, business opening, taxation, entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship guidance and many other aspects. For college students who plan to start a business, only by understanding these policies can they take the first step in starting a business. According to the relevant regulations of the state and Shanghai, fresh graduates in Shanghai can enjoy four preferential policies, namely, no risk assessment, no policy training, no loan guarantee and no partial tax reduction and exemption. Specifically, college graduates (including junior college students, undergraduate students and graduate students) who are engaged in self-employment are exempt from the self-employment registration fee, self-employment management fee and economic contract tree text fee within 1 year from the date of approval. In addition, if an informal enterprise is established, it can be tax-free for 3 years as long as it is registered in the district and county streets. ■ College students who start their own businesses can apply for a loan guarantee of up to 70,000 yuan from the bank and enjoy a loan discount. ■ Shanghai has established the Entrepreneurship Education and Training Center for recent college graduates to provide free project risk assessment and guidance for college students to help them better grasp market opportunities. The relevant preparations for the audit are as follows: college students should pay attention to the following issues when starting a business: First, they should be psychologically prepared and suitable for starting a business; Second, don't blindly worship your own creative projects or your own patented technology or achievements, but conduct substantive market research; Third, don't want to "eat a fat man in one bite", but have a 1 stable entrepreneurial mentality; Fourth, it is better for college students not to start a business alone, but to start a business in partnership. The bank's requirements for loan applicants are (1) at least 18 years old, and they have legal and useful identity certificates and legal residence certificates at the place where the loan bank is located, and have a fixed residence or business premises; (2) Hold the business license issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce and the business license of related industries, engage in legal production and business activities, and have the ability of fixed income and debt service; (3) The borrower has necessary self-owned funds for investment projects; (4) The purpose of the loan conforms to the relevant national laws and bank credit policies, and it is not allowed to be used for equity investment; (5) Open a settlement account in the bank, and the operating income will be settled by the bank. The loan applicant shall provide the application materials (1), the identity documents of the borrower and spouse (including the original identity card of pregnant residents, household registration book or other useful residence permit) and proof of marital status; (2) Proof of repayment ability such as personal or family income and property status; (3) Business licenses and business licenses of relevant industries, as well as peace talks, contracts or other materials related to loan purposes; (4) Collateral materials: the ownership certificate and detailed registration form of the collateral or pledge, the confirmation that the person with the right to dispose of it agrees to mortgage (pledge), and other answers reported by the evaluation department recognized by the bank. 2. In order to support college students' entrepreneurship, the state and competent departments at all levels have introduced many preferential policies in financing, entrepreneurship, taxation, entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurship guidance. In recent years, in order to support college students' entrepreneurship, the state and competent departments at all levels have issued many preferential policies, including financing, business opening, taxation, entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship guidance and many other aspects. For college students who plan to start a business, only by understanding these policies can they take the first step in starting a business. (1) University graduates should start their own businesses within two years after graduation and apply for business licenses in the industrial and commercial departments of the place where the business entity is established. If the registered capital (capital) is less than 500,000 yuan, it is allowed to be put in place by stages. The initial capital is not less than 65,438+00% of the registered capital (the contribution is not less than 30,000 yuan). The paid-in registered capital will be increased to more than 50% within 65,438+0 years, and the balance can be three years. (2) Enterprises or business units newly established by university graduates in consulting industry, information industry and skill service industry shall be exempted from enterprise income tax for two years with the approval of the tax authorities; Newly established transportation, post and telecommunications enterprises or business units, with the approval of the tax authorities, shall be exempted from enterprise income tax in the first year and levied enterprise income tax by half in the second year; Newly established enterprises or business units engaged in public utilities, commerce, materials industry, foreign trade industry, tourism, logistics industry, warehousing industry, residential service industry, catering industry, educational and cultural undertakings and health undertakings shall be exempted from enterprise income tax for one year with the approval of the tax authorities. (3) State-owned commercial banks, joint-stock banks, city commercial banks and qualified urban credit cooperatives should provide small loans for graduates who start their own businesses, simplify procedures and facilitate account opening and settlement. The loan amount is about 20,000 yuan. The longest loan engraving date is two years. If it is determined that an extension is needed due, you can apply for an extension once. The loan interest is determined according to the loan interest rate published by the People's Bank of China. The maximum amount of guarantee is five times that of the guarantee fund, and the date of lending is the same as that of lending. (IV) Personnel intermediary service institutions affiliated to the personnel administrative departments of organs shall keep personnel files (including social security, professional titles, file clearance and other related procedures) free of charge for graduates who start their own businesses for 2 years; Provide free services such as information inquiry on supply and demand of talents and productivity, and free release of job advertisements; Appropriately reduce or exempt the cost of talent fair or talent labor exchange activities; Franchising provides training and evaluation services for entrepreneurial employees. The above preferential policies are formulated by the state for all self-employed college students. In order to support local college students' entrepreneurship, relevant policies and laws have also been introduced in various places, which are more detailed and closer to reality. Knowing these preferential policies will make college students feel the support of the state and competent departments and strengthen their determination to start a business. College students are enthusiastic about starting a business, but the success rate of starting a business is relatively low due to lack of experience, ability and consciousness deviation. In this regard, Xu Benliang, a college student entrepreneurship guidance expert and principal of Shanghai Entrepreneurship Education and Training Middle School, explained that college students must have the following hardware for starting a business: hardware 1: savings of entrepreneurial knowledge; It is easy for college students to fall into the misunderstanding of cleverness and dexterity. Because of staying on campus for a long time, I lack understanding of society, especially in market development and enterprise operation. Therefore, college students should be fully prepared before starting a business. On the one hand, we should rely on working or internship in enterprises to accumulate relevant management and marketing experience; On the other hand, rely on the presence of entrepreneurship training, accumulate professional knowledge, accept professional guidance, recharge yourself, and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship. Hardware 2: capital preparation; You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. Nearly half of college students think that "capital is an obstacle to starting a business". Without funds, even the best ideas can hardly be transformed into real productive forces. Before obtaining funds, you must first know how much money you need, how to obtain funds, and how the funds come from. Entrepreneurs must have a certain business philosophy, whether to choose creditor's rights as the source of funds or equity as the source of funds, and what you choose as the guarantor of your investors. These basic questions will determine the success of the initial stage of entrepreneurship. College students should broaden their thinking and raise funds through multiple channels. In addition to traditional channels such as bank loans, self-raised funds and fake loans between citizens, we can also make full use of financing channels such as endangering investment and creating business funds. Hardware 3: skills and fun; Exchanging intelligence for capital is a characteristic way for college students to start their own businesses. Some risky investors are often willing to fund their career planning just because they are interested in the advanced skills that college students have mastered. Therefore, college students who intend to start businesses in high-tech fields must attach importance to technology.

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