What conditions do college students need to start a business?

First, the conditions for college students to start their own businesses

Today's society provides many entrepreneurial conditions and environments for independent entrepreneurs, mainly in the following aspects.

(1) Institutional conditions for self-employment. Most of the businesses started by them are individual or private enterprises. This is the system forbidden zone before the reform and opening up. Even in the process of reform and opening up, it is still a "minefield". We have always been very careful. First, we reserved private plots and hilltops, allowing individual economy to be a useful supplement to the public ownership economy, and then allowing the existence and development of the private economy. It was not until the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China that it became an important part of the socialist market economy. Although a few people still don't understand it, the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has fundamentally given a green light to the non-public economy, and its legal status was established in the subsequent revision of the Constitution by the National People's Congress. This provides institutional guarantee for all citizens, including college students, to start their own businesses.

(II) Policy Conditions The state encourages college students, graduate students and scientific and technological personnel to set up private scientific and technological enterprises, and has introduced a series of supporting policies and measures. At the end of 1999, the Ministry of Education issued the "Document of the Ministry of Education on Implementing the * * * Central Committee and the State Council: It is stipulated that college students and graduate students can drop out of school and keep their student status to start high-tech enterprises. College students don't have venture capital, so they are allowed to participate in entrepreneurship by converting intellectual capital such as technological achievements into shares. 1999, Peking University student Zhang Ming and Qi invented a new software called EPOST, which is expected to replace e-mail. Peking University invested1000000 to register Peking University Tianzheng Company, and they didn't pay a penny, that is, they owned 20% and 10% of the shares and became the bosses of college students. In addition, Tsinghua, Peking University and other schools have also established science and technology entrepreneurship parks to help scientific and technological personnel, including college students, start businesses. The preferential policies for college students introduced in Shanghai in 2004 have brought hope to college students' entrepreneurship. These policies or measures have created favorable conditions for college students and other knowledge-based talents to start their own businesses.

(III) Time Conditions 2 1 century is the era of knowledge economy, knowledge will become a new resource of social production, knowledge capitalization will become an independent and more influential factor of economic growth, and knowledge owners will become the main potential force of social development and economic growth. College students are or will be the main owners of knowledge capital. Although they lack tangible capital such as monetary capital when starting a business, they will also become the operators of knowledge capital when starting a business. But they can rely on the most important intangible capital in production factors-knowledge capital to start a business, because, first, the existing policy allows knowledge capital to be transformed into a considerable proportion of tangible capital, participate in investment in the form of equity possession, and start an industry; Second, we can also raise venture capital by attracting venture capital; Third, the emergence of network economy, virtual economy and other economic forms has created conditions for college students to start their own businesses.

Second, the problems faced by college students to start their own businesses

It should be said that college students' self-employment has certain advantages, such as being young and passionate, and with the development of society and times, it also provides many conditions for college students to start their own businesses, but it will also face many problems. So, what's the problem?

(A) lack of psychological preparation

Strong will is the backbone of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is bound to have many contradictions and difficulties. Without good will and unremitting pursuit, you will not succeed. Will includes: perseverance, determination to take risks, self-control to win without fighting. However, from the analysis of college graduates who set foot in self-employment in recent years, many entrepreneurs often lack such will and are unprepared for the hardships of starting a business. It is not easy for parents to provide education for their children because families do not understand and tolerate students' entrepreneurship. Self-employment is an extra venture capital, which is far from the expected return on investment of working families, thus leading to family conflicts and unexpected troubles. Because there are few people in the early stage of starting a business and there is no strict division of labor, entrepreneurs have to play multiple roles at the same time, which is tiring and often unable to adapt, which is easy to make people worry; Because entrepreneurship has to deal with all aspects of society, it is often not good for college entrepreneurs who have just entered the society. It is common to get stuck in the nose and it is easy to get frustrated. Due to the lack of preparation for setbacks, people are disheartened when they encounter minor failures, doubt their abilities, and are afraid of taking risks, which makes people easily give up halfway. All these require entrepreneurs to foresee the hardships, risks and possible failures of starting a business in advance, be psychologically prepared to face them, and bear all this with tenacious will.

Difficulties in raising capital

For college students and graduate students who have just left school, lack of funds is the primary problem. Entrepreneurship needs funds, and entrepreneurship in some fields even needs a lot of funds. For entrepreneurs, there are three channels for capital, one is self-financing, the other is lending, and the third is venture capital. The amount of self-raised funds is limited; Lack of credit makes it difficult to get loans, and secondly, there is a deadline requirement, which can not meet the long-term investment needs of entrepreneurship; Venture capital is the best form, especially suitable for college entrepreneurs. However, the current venture capital market in China is still immature: first, there are few investors and limited funds; Second, the management is not standardized and the investment risk is high; Third, the listing conditions are high, and it is impossible to withdraw from investment in time and continue to invest in other projects. There are few investors who can provide college students with entrepreneurship, and the number is limited. Therefore, the state has formulated relevant policies to support the development of venture capital. In addition, in the current immature venture capital market, in view of the problem of college students' entrepreneurship, the state should set up a college student entrepreneurship fund. However, as a college student who wants to start a business, he should not wait for the support of the state, but should give full play to his own advantages to start a business.

(C) lack of business management experience

First of all, from an abstract business plan to a successful market operation, the whole operation process needs to be run-in with the help of long-term accumulated management experience, which is not something that can be done by gnawing at the book theory of general items. For example, a student majoring in applied chemistry in beijing university of chemical technology thinks that "it is not very likely for college students to start their own businesses. Because you don't have any work experience, you just rely on the superficial things you learned on campus. Start your own business with a little knowledge, whether it's technology or management. I don't think it is realistic. " Secondly, after the establishment of the company, student entrepreneurs are not very clear about how to establish financial system, personnel system and administrative system. "Imagine that if you want to start your own company, you need to take care of everything yourself, and the departments of industry and commerce and taxation should communicate and deal with each other. This aspect is particularly wide, which is very difficult for a student who has just stepped out of school. Even if there are such students, they are very few. However, if students themselves have the ability in this area and have certain funds, as a school, they should support and support these college students. "

Third, how to overcome the problems in self-employment.

Effective financing

Enterprises are composed of talents, products and funds. Lack of funds often leads to entrepreneurs' overburdening and failure to achieve their careers. Students have just set foot in the society and rarely have enough funds to accumulate. Student entrepreneurs should have the concept of "how much can be done with how much effort". The source of funds can be borrowed from relatives and friends or from banks. If an enterprise has products or achievements with market prospects, it can also seek financial support from venture capitalists. Without the trust and investment of enterprises, the initial funds of college students' entrepreneurship are usually funded by team members.

(b) Forming complementary teams

There are so many things to deal with when starting your own business that it is difficult for a person to deal with all kinds of situations effectively. Establishing an entrepreneurial team can effectively supplement innovation and economic management. If there is effective management, it can also ensure that the entrepreneurial team can form the greatest synergy and win in the market competition.

When establishing an entrepreneurial team, we should pay attention to the personality collocation, role division and recognition, strategy formulation and equity distribution of the company's short-term and long-term goals. Because these are all related to the growth of enterprises.

(C) the establishment of extensive and effective social relations

A startup company often needs help from all sides to develop, and entrepreneurs need to mobilize all favorable factors in the social environment. For student entrepreneurs, establishing extensive and effective social relations is an important factor to get rid of disadvantages in the competition with social entrepreneurs.

(d) Have a long-term plan.

Entrepreneurs should choose careers they are familiar with and good at. At first, they can operate on a small scale or cooperate with shareholders, and gradually expand according to the business plan. Enterprises should seek survival first, then development, and lay a good foundation. For enterprises started by college students, we should pay special attention not to be too ambitious, and we must attach importance to the management system in order to create profits step by step. At the same time, as an entrepreneurial leader, we should gradually form a good business philosophy, business policy and business strategy in the development of enterprises, give full play to the strength of all members of enterprises, and seek the development of enterprises.

In the future society, self-employment is not only an important way for college students to find jobs independently, but also an important mode to become useful people. At the end of last century, the international educational circles had predicted that in the world, 50% of middle school students and college students will start their own businesses in 2 1 century. As early as 1998, the World Conference on Higher Education held in Paris in June, 5438+00 clearly pointed out that "institutions of higher learning must take entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial spirit as the basic goals of higher education, and in order to facilitate graduates' employment, higher education should mainly care about cultivating entrepreneurial skills and initiative", so that college graduates can "become not only job seekers, but also job creators".

People say that without students' entrepreneurship, there would be no Silicon Valley in the United States. College graduates' entrepreneurship should be cultivated not only as an ability, but also as a culture.