Where does the underground kiln rank among the top ten famous kilns?

Top Ten Famous Kilns in China: Jun Porcelain, Ding Porcelain, Longquan Porcelain, Yaozhou Porcelain, Dehua Porcelain, Enamel Porcelain, Chaozhou Porcelain, Orchid Porcelain and Yixing Zisha. Ru Kiln: Official Kiln: Ge Kiln: Longquan Kiln: In addition to the five famous kilns, Pingyang Kiln in Pingyang, Shanxi, Yaozhou Kiln in Yaozhou, Shaanxi, Jian 'an Kiln in Fujian and Jizhou Kiln in Jizhou, Jiangxi also produced quite good porcelain. Cizhou Kiln, located in today's Cixian County, Hebei Province, is the center of large kiln industry in northern China, which is highly valued by Japanese. A large number of porcelains have been sold to Japan in the past dynasties, and there is a reason why the Japanese also call porcelain porcelain. In the Southern Song Dynasty, two brothers, Shengyi Zhang and Zhang Sheng, set up a kiln factory in Longquan, and the raw kiln was named "Ryukyu Kiln", also known as "Ge Kiln"; The kiln that holds the second burning is called Longquan kiln, also called underground kiln. Jun Kiln: Located in Zhou Jun (now Yuxian County, Henan Province), hence the name. It is one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty. Burning began in the Tang Dynasty and experienced the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. There are nearly 100 kilns in China, with Xiaobaiyu as the earliest. Objects with black glaze and spots were fired in the Tang Dynasty, which was called "flower porcelain", which had a direct impact on the purple-red spot decoration in the Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, appropriate copper metal was added to the glaze to produce purple-red glazes such as rose purple and begonia red, which were as beautiful as sunset glow. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, various flowerpots and pot holders were specially burned for the court to support the cultivation of exotic flowers and herbs. Juntai Kiln is the most representative of many Jun Kilns in Song Dynasty. Thousands of porcelain used for palace furnishings were excavated on the kiln site, and the number from 1 to 10 was engraved on the bottom of each vessel. The smaller the number, the larger the size of the appliance. Most kilns burn kilns, and there are more sky blue and moon white glazes. Some kiln sites also found black flowers, tricolor, red and green varieties. The quality of Yibacun kiln is the best. Porcelain kilns in northern China in Song and Yuan Dynasties. Jun Kiln, located in Yuxian County, Henan Province, is one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, also known as Jun Kiln and Zhou Jun Kiln. Located in Yuzhou City, Henan Province. It was named because it belonged to Zhou Jun in ancient times. Famous for Jun porcelain, it belongs to the northern celadon system. Founded in the Tang Dynasty, it flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty and was copied by later generations. Jun kiln is located in Yuxian County, Henan Province. It was called Juntai in ancient times and Zhou Jun in Ming Dynasty, hence the name Jun Kiln, which has not been handed down from generation to generation and is highly appraised. Jun Kiln was founded in Tang Dynasty, and experienced the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties. It has exquisite tire quality, gorgeous glaze color and various types. There are rose purple, begonia red, eggplant purple, sky blue, rouge, vermilion, fiery red and kiln change. There are many kinds of utensils, but flowerpots are the best. Numbers from one to ten are engraved on the bottom of the vessel. According to legend, the singular number of one, three, five and six is red, and the plural number of two, four and six is cyan. However, some people say that the smaller the number, the larger the size of the objects, which is just a mark made by the kiln for easy identification. Yaozhou Kiln: One of the famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, it was a famous producing area of China ceramics in the Tang Dynasty, and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty, becoming the largest kiln system among the "six major kiln systems" in China, and its products became the representative of northern celadon. It started in the Tang Dynasty and burned black, white, gray and celadon. Celadon developed greatly in the Song Dynasty and reached its peak at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Its kiln site is located in Huangbao Town, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province, formerly known as Tongguan. The Song Dynasty belonged to Yaozhou, hence the name "Yaozhou Kiln", including Chen Lu Town, Li Di Town, Shangdian Town and Yuhua Palace. It is one of the main producing areas of northern folk celadon in Song Dynasty. Celadon dominated in the late Song Dynasty, with thin and firm tires, smooth and even glaze color, green and quiet color, translucent and very elegant. Decorated with carved prints, the structure is rigorous and plump, and the lines are free and smooth. Decorative patterns are mostly covered inside and outside, and there are many kinds, such as peony, chrysanthemum, lotus, fish, duck, dragon and phoenix. Extensive and bodybuilding style, vivid and natural. There are bowls, plates, bottles, cans, pots, incense burners, incense, lamp holders, warm bowls and bowls. In the Song Dynasty, it was the most famous celadon kiln in the north and a leader. From Zongshen Yuanfeng (1078- 1085) to Huizong Chongning (1102-1106), he once fired tribute porcelain for the imperial court. Its extraordinary porcelain-making skills and free and easy and lively style had a great influence on kiln sites all over the country at that time, and it was widely promoted, thus forming a wide range of Yaozhou kilns from north to south. Yaozhou kiln system is centered on Huangbao Town, including Yiyang kiln in Henan, Baofeng kiln, Xin 'an Chengguan kiln, Xicun kiln in Guangdong, Yongfu kiln in Guangxi and Dayaodian kiln in Neixiang. All kiln products are similar to Tongchuan kiln, but the tire quality and glaze color are slightly different, just because the raw materials used are different. Cizhou Kiln: It is the largest folk kiln system in the ancient north of China, and it is also a famous folk kiln. The kiln site is located in Guantai Town and Pengcheng Town, Cixian County, Handan City, Hebei Province. Cixian belonged to Cizhou in Song Dynasty, hence its name. According to the survey, Cizhou Kiln was built and burned in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, reaching its peak. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it continued to burn, with a long history, vigorous vitality and numerous relics handed down from generation to generation. The shape and ornamentation of Cizhou Kiln are deeply loved by the people, with wide influence and rapid development. All parts of the north have imitated it one after another, and a huge cizhou kiln system has been formed with Guantai Town in Handan as the center, mainly distributed in Hebi kiln in Henan, Dangyangyu kiln in Xiuwu, Bachun kiln in Yuxian, Quhe kiln in Dengfeng, Jiexiu kiln in Shanxi, Huoxian kiln in Shandong, Zibo kiln in Jiangxi, Jizhou kiln in Ji 'an, Quanzhou kiln in Fujian and Guangyuan kiln in Sichuan, all of which are similar in style to cizhou kiln. Cizhou Kiln porcelain has a unique style and occupies a very important position in the history of China porcelain development. It inherits the characteristics of the northern and southern folk kilns in the Tang Dynasty, integrates with the local characteristics, and is refined and rough, bold and unconstrained. Compared with the five famous kilns in the same period, their works are quite different, with strong folk interest, decorative form and spirit, and unique northern characteristics. Cizhou Kiln is famous for producing white glazed black porcelain. The contrast between black and white is strong and bright, and the pattern is very eye-catching. Can be carved, scratched, picked and colored. He also creatively painted China's painting techniques on porcelain in the form of pattern composition, which has fascinating artistic charm. It opened up a new way for China porcelain painting and decoration, and laid a foundation for the great development of Jingdezhen blue-and-white and colored porcelain after the Song Dynasty. Jizhou Kiln: Jizhou Kiln is located in He Yong Town, Ji 'an County, Jiangxi Province, about 8 kilometers north of Ji 'an City. From Sui to Song, Ji 'an was called Jizhou, hence the name. To the west of yong he zhen, it is about 2km long and 1 km wide. There are many abandoned kiln sites, and ceramic tiles and kiln furniture abound. Today, there are still streets paved with saggers and long kiln bricks in He Yong Town, which is the seat of the ancient "Dongchang" county. Dongchang is under the jurisdiction of Jizhou, hence the name Jizhou kiln, also known as Yonghe kiln. Jizhou Kiln is located in the southeast corner of Ji 'an County, near Ganjiang River, up to Ganzhou and down to Nanchang. The shallow mountain jungle stretches for dozens of miles, facing the "Jigangling" of Qingyuan, a porcelain clay base, with rich raw materials and fuels and extremely convenient traffic conditions. Jizhou Kiln developed rapidly under the environment of "Yu Hai Qing Ning" at that time, with the mutual promotion of Fengcheng Hongzhou Kiln, Xing 'an Daxia Kiln, Linchuan Baihu Kiln, Yongfeng Shankou Kiln and Ganzhou Qizhen Kiln nearby. During the Yuanfeng period of the Song Dynasty, it was already one of the "three towns in the world" with "many people and many things". There are 24 abandoned kilns in Jizhou Kiln Site, namely Yaoling, Maoanling, Niuguling, Houbeiling, Yaomenling, Guanjiatang Ridge, Wuhou Ridge, Zhuposhiling Ridge, Jiangjialing, Qiyantang Ridge, Songshuling, Caomenling, Qunzang Geling, Yinjiashanling, Benjue Temple Ridge, Shangjiangling, Lecture Tailing and Zengjiangling. In Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, it was named. According to records, it began to burn in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. In fact, it is composed of several kiln mouths, so it is also called Jingdezhen kiln system. Since the Five Dynasties, it has a history of 1000 years and is one of the longest kiln sites in China. Many sites were discovered after the founding of the People's Republic of China, among which Yangmeiting, Shihuwan and Huangnitou were the earliest, all belonging to the Five Dynasties. Celadon and white porcelain are fired, and the glaze of celadon is gray and the glaze of white porcelain is pure, reaching 70 degrees. In the Song Dynasty, it was found that Hutian, Hu Xiang, Shinan Street, Liujiawan and other sites all burned celadon, and the glaze color was between blue and white. Yangmeiting and other three kiln sites were also changed to burn celadon, including plates, bowls, bottles, cans, boxes and pillows, decorated with carving, printing, flower making and dot making techniques. In the late northern song dynasty, the northern reburning method was absorbed, and the output increased greatly. New varieties of blue and white, underglaze red and underglaze color were created in Yuan Dynasty. 1976, a China Yuan Dynasty shipwreck was found in Xin 'an, South Korea, and more than 7000 pieces of Yuan Dynasty porcelain/kloc-0 were salvaged, including more than 5000 pieces of Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain and Shufu porcelain, and more than 2000 pieces of kiln mouth were unrecognizable. Ming dynasty became the national porcelain firing center, blue and white porcelain developed greatly, and glaze color, bucket color, plain tricolor and multicolor appeared one after another. In the Qing Dynasty, the colored glaze was improved and created, and the varieties of colored porcelain were richer and the colors were consistent. It can imitate the porcelain of famous kilns in Song Dynasty, and it can also imitate the firing of jade, stone, lacquer, copper, dried and fresh fruits. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, our products have been exported to overseas, such as Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and other places. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains was in war, and the economic, cultural and political center moved south. Yue Kiln flourished and reached a new height of porcelain industry. Zhao Ci, a native of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, served as an official in Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Because of his integrity, illness and hatred, his career ups and downs, he was exiled to Jiangxi and lived in Xinping. He introduced his kiln-crossing techniques in Zhejiang, Fujian and other places, and carried out a series of reforms on the preparation of fetal glaze, the molding of utensils and the firing process, which made great contributions to the development of Xinping porcelain industry. Zhao Ci led Xinping to learn the kiln method, which became the beginning of Jingdezhen's evolution from ceramics to porcelain. He was honored as a "master of porcelain making" by his outstanding achievements. In the first year of Hongxi in the Ming Dynasty (1425), the townspeople built the "You Tao Ling Temple" (Master Temple) in the Imperial Ware Factory, which was described in Zhan Shan's "Master Temple Inscription", and Zhao Temple was honored as the ancestor of Jingdezhen porcelain making. During the Southern Dynasties, Chen ascended the throne and built a palace. In the first year of Germany (583), Xinping was ordered to fire ceramic columns for Hualin Garden. Xinping porcelain industry is "famous in the world". In Sui Dynasty, the production of construction industry entered a new stage. During the Daye period (605-6 17), two elephant masters and big beasts fired in Jingdezhen were presented to the Dynasty and used in Ren Xian Palace of Emperor Yangdi, marking the new stage of Xinping porcelain industry development. By the Tang Dynasty, Jingdezhen kiln industry had a new development, among which "Tao kiln" and "Huo kiln" were outstanding representatives. "Lu Tao in Jingdezhen" said: "The pottery kiln was also used in the early Tang Dynasty, only white and thin, with moist pigments. It was burned by Tao in the town. " Therefore, the "pottery kiln" was opened by Tao Yu, and the porcelain produced was put into Guanzhong and paid tribute, which was called "fake jade". The porcelain produced by Huo Zhongchu's "Huo Kiln" is "pigment, greasy soil and thin, and the best is jade". Because of its exquisite porcelain, it was a tribute of the dynasty and was loved by Tang Gaozu. In the fourth year of Wude (624), the court set up Xinping County, set up and supervised Tao. This is the first time that Jingdezhen has set up officials to supervise pottery. Later, Liu Zongyuan's "Porcelain Shape" said that "the essence of art is a balanced work." Zheng Tao, great virtue, self-sufficiency; Harmony without difference can guarantee loyalty. And there is no sound of earthenware pot, which is called earth virtue. "The praise of great writers adds elegance to Jingdezhen porcelain. The five dynasties fired celadon and white porcelain, and the products were mainly bowls and plates. The glaze color of celadon is blue with gray, and that of white porcelain is white. With the method of supporting burning, there is a circumferential supporting burning mark on the bowl and pot. Win Mei Ting and Hu Xiang. Chen Chaoshi is famous for making porcelain. The whiteness of white porcelain fired in the Five Dynasties is above 70%, and the light transmittance is close to modern standards. In the Song Dynasty, celadon was mainly fired. The famous Hutian Kiln was located in Hutian Village, Jingdezhen, with bowls, plates, bowls, bottles, pots, cans and pillows. There are carving, carving, printing, grating carving and other techniques in decoration. Decorative patterns include dragon pattern, phoenix pattern, baby play pattern, sea water pattern, branch-bound pattern and so on. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, under the influence of Ding Yao, reburning method was adopted to increase the output and improve the quality, which was called "Nanding". Among them, the product quality of Hutian kiln is the best, the glaze color is like the light green of lake water, and the pattern is also very beautiful. In the Yuan Dynasty, blue-and-white porcelain, glaze red and other varieties were fired, which became the center of porcelain making in China, while blue-and-white porcelain continued to be fired. Products include plum bottles, jade pot spring bottles, cans, bowls, plates, moo, stoves and Gao Zubei. The famous products in the Yuan Dynasty are red and blue in glaze, and the white glaze ware for egg burning is white and slightly blue, with the word "Shufu" in it, which is called "Shufu Kiln". By the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen had become a porcelain capital, and blue and white porcelain had made great progress, so it was called "national porcelain". At the same time, there are glazed porcelain, bucket colored porcelain, multicolored porcelain, plain tricolor porcelain and various monochromatic glazed porcelain. In the Qing Dynasty, the firing technology of porcelain was greatly improved, and the varieties included blue and white tricolor, pastel and enamel, as well as various porcelain, imitation jade, wood grain, lacquerware and copper glaze, all of which reached the highest level in history. One of the famous kilns in Song Dynasty. Also known as "Jian 'an Kiln" and "Wuni Kiln". The kiln site is located in Shuiji Town, Jianyang County, Fujian Province. It is famous for firing black glazed porcelain. There are the most small bowls, and the tires are turbid in ivory black, and the glaze has crystal stripes as thin as rabbit hair, which is called "Rabbit Millie Lamp". There are also "partridge spot" and "silver star spot", each with its own characteristics and beautiful scenery. Under-glaze hair is decorated by acidic traces formed by acidic glaze. Because the porcelain built in the kiln is burned backwards, the glaze water is drooping, and the finished glaze is light. Due to the different slope of the wall, the flow rate is fast, thin and thin, and the flow rate is slow and thick, such as rabbit hair. Some vessels are engraved with the words "for the imperial palace" and "for the imperial palace" at the bottom, which are tribute porcelain. In the area of Luhuaping, Shuiji Town, Jianyang City, Fujian Province, it was named Jian Yao (also known as Jianyang Kiln in history). Kilns began in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty and declined in the Yuan Dynasty. Mainly firing celadon, black glazed porcelain, celadon and so on. The main products are lamps, bowls, plates and saucers, and also burn boxes, cans, pots, lamps, stoves, bowls, plum bottles and funerary wares. In the Song Dynasty, it was famous for its rich black glazed porcelain. If there is an inscription on the soles of your feet, it should be a tribute to the Song Dynasty court. The characteristics of black glazed lamp: the tire has high iron content and has always been called "iron tire". The carcass is thick, dark gray, purple-black, rough and hard, and the color at the exposed tire is heavy and dull. There are various shapes, including large and small convergent openings and open openings. The circle foot is small and shallow, the tire repair is hasty and powerful, the knife method is natural, the enamel is just moist, the glaze color is black and bright, the utensils are glazed inside and outside, the outer glaze is close to the foot, and the sole is bare and unglazed. Glaze has obvious sag and kiln change, including rabbit hair, oil drop, obsidian change and partridge spot. At present, several world-famous obsidian Tianmu lamps in Japan are kiln-built products.