Community nursing is a comprehensive discipline that combines nursing theory with

Community nursing is a comprehensive discipline that combines social science and nursing theory

Public Health

Community nursing is a discipline that combines public health with nursing theory ***Nursing theory practice questions 80, a comprehensive discipline that combines hygiene and nursing theories. What is nursing

As a knowledge group, nursing studies involve nature, society, culture, The impact of factors such as education and psychology on human health, and how to use nursing principles, nursing techniques and methods to help patients recover and continuously improve people's health. It generally includes the following aspects.

1. Hospital nursing

1) Basic nursing studies and applies the basic theories and basic techniques of nursing to meet the patients’ basic living needs and psychological treatment needs. Clinical nursing work is for The diagnosis and treatment of diseases provide timely dynamic information on the occurrence and development of diseases, effectively cooperate with and participate in treatment, examination and rescue of critically ill patients, and use active and safe nursing strategies to keep patients in a psychological state.

2) Specialist nursing combines the characteristics of each clinical specialty and applies specialist nursing theory and nursing technology, such as strengthening the monitoring of critically ill patients and specialist care for burns, microsurgery, organ transplantation, and pre- and post-operative care, etc. .

3) Nursing management: Use scientific methods to organize and implement clinical nursing work; create a beautiful rest environment for patients; establish a good nurse-patient relationship; effectively improve the quality of nursing, etc.

2. Community nursing Community nursing focuses on preventive health care, including disease prevention and health consultation; nursing science education and vaccination; mental health guidance; family planning, eugenics and eugenics guidance; occupational disease prevention and control Home visiting care, etc.

3. Nursing education: Study the rules, methods and models of nursing talent training, continuously improve the quality of nursing education, improve the knowledge structure of nursing staff, and adapt to the needs of the development of nursing science.

4. Nursing research The development of nursing requires the support and promotion of nursing research. The construction of nursing theory, the combination of nursing theory and nursing practice, the improvement of nursing technology and methods, the reform of nursing devices and nursing tools, the establishment of nursing management model, etc. They all rely on nursing scientific research to explore patterns, summarize experiences, and promote the continuous development of nursing science.

Example questions (compiled by China Public Medical and Health Recruitment Examination Network):

The practice scope of nursing does not include A. clinical nursing B. nursing management C. nursing research D. community nursing What kind of science is learning?

Nursing is a comprehensive applied science based on the theories of natural science and social science that studies the nursing theory, knowledge, skills and development rules of maintaining, promoting and restoring human health.

Nursing includes natural sciences, such as biology, physics, chemistry, anatomy, physiology and other knowledge. By studying anatomy and physiology, nurses can observe and distinguish physiological and pathological changes, and provide accurate treatment, such as injections and catheterization.

Nursing also includes social and humanities sciences, such as psychology, ethics, sociology, aesthetics and other knowledge. By studying psychology and sociology, nurses can provide care that meets people's psychological needs and understand the impact of the social environment on people's health.

Nursing is an applied science with strong practicality. It combines the theories of natural science and social science to form the theoretical system and technical operation of nursing.

Nursing is an independent science, which together with medicine, pharmacy, nutrition, etc., constitutes the entire medical field. Are Introduction to Sociology of Nursing and Introduction to Community Nursing the same?

Introduction to Sociology of Nursing and Introduction to Community Nursing are different.

"Introduction to Nursing Sociology" mainly talks about the social motivations for the development of nursing and its socialization trend, social roles in nursing practice, nursing interpersonal relationships, social nature and sociological measures of preventive health care, etc.

"Introduction to Community Nursing"*** is divided into five parts, focusing on the community and community health services, the application of nursing programs in community nursing, and the application of epidemiology in community nursing. Application, community health education, basic theories of family and home visiting. Are there any subjects that combine biology and physics?

Biological Physics is an interdisciplinary subject that combines physics and biology. It is one of the important branches and fields of life sciences. Biophysics is a branch of biology that applies the concepts and methods of physics to study the relationship between the structures and functions of various levels of biology, the physics of life activities, physical and chemical processes, and the physical properties of substances during life activities. Biophysics aims to clarify the movement laws of matter, energy and information in living things within a certain space and time.

Brief history of development Development process

Bei Shizhang, the founder of Chinese biophysics in the 17th century A. Cowper mentioned the luminous biological firefly.

In 1786, L. Galvani studied the electrostatic properties of muscles.

In 1796, T. Young used the wave theory of light and the theory of color vision to study the geometric optical properties of the eye and the fluid dynamics of the heart.

H. von Helmholtz applied the law of conservation of energy to biological systems and believed that the material world, including life, can be reduced to motion. He studied the heat generated during muscle contraction and the conduction speed of nerve impulses. E.H. Dubois-Raymond was the first to create an ammeter and use it to study muscle nerves. In 1848, he discovered the rest potential and action potential.

After W.C. Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1895, they were almost immediately used in medical practice.

In 1899, K. Pearson mentioned it for the first time in his book "The Grammar of Science": "Biophysics and biophysics, the study of biological phenomena as specific instances of physical laws..." , and listed the issues studied at that time: blood fluid dynamics, electrical phenomena of nerve conduction, surface tension and membrane potential, luminescence and biological functions, as well as the relationship between mechanical stress, elasticity, viscosity, hardness and biological structures.

In 1910, A.V. Hill applied electrical technology to neurobiology and showed that the information transmitted by nerve fibers is characterized by a series of uniform electrical pulses, and the pulses are caused by the potential difference between the inside and outside of the membrane.

The application of microscopes in the 19th century led to the creation of the cell theory. Later, various special-purpose microscopes such as ultraviolet, dark field, and fluorescence were developed from simple microscopes. The development of electron microscopes has provided more information about biological ultrastructure.

Application

As early as 1920, X-ray diffraction technology has been included in the study of protein structure. W.T. Astbury used X-ray diffraction technology to study the structure of hair, silk and wool fibers, the structure of α-keratin, etc., and discovered the α-helical spatial structure of the protein backbone conformation formed by chains of amino acid residues; 20th century In the 1950s, J.D. Watson and F.H.C. Crick proposed a structural model of the complementary double helix of genetic material DNA. When "Medical Physics" in 1944 introduced the content of biophysics, it covered a wide range of topics, including the structure and function of hearing, color vision, muscles, nerves, panels, etc. (electron microscope, fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, electricity, photoelectricity, potential, temperature regulation and other technologies), and reported the application of electron cyclotrons to study biological objects. The physical concepts that had a greater impact on the development of biophysics were E. Schr?dinger's 1943 lecture: "What is Life" and N. Wiener's arguments on biological cybernetics; the former used thermodynamics and quantum mechanics theories to explain the essence of life and introduced The concept of "negative entropy" attempts to explain the material structure of organisms, the maintenance and continuation of life activities, and the inheritance and variation of organisms from some new ways (see dissipative structure and biological order). The latter believes that the biological control process includes the reception, transformation, storage and processing of information. They discussed that living matter is also an integral part of the material world. It has its special laws of motion and should also follow the same general laws of material motion.

This bridges the two fields of biology and physics. Nowadays, at all levels of biology, the concepts and methods of quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics are used to conduct systematic analysis at the microscopic and macroscopic levels.

Can I take the nursing exam again after passing intermediate community nursing?

Yes,

The scope of practice is different

2016 The results of the National Health Professional and Technical Qualification Examination are subject to a rolling management method with a two-year cycle. If you pass the examination of 4 subjects in the same major in two consecutive examination years, you can obtain the professional qualification certificate. Econometrics is a comprehensive discipline that combines which of the following disciplines

Professor Wang Jianding challenges the Economics Breakthrough Award.

(2) Reasons for applying for the "Economics Breakthrough Award"

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Economics is the biggest beneficiary of breakthroughs in statistics. Anyone who knows something about economics and economic history will have this knowledge: statistics almost came into being and developed with the emergence of economics. The main founders of statistics and economics almost point to the same person - the British scholar William Perdy, whom Marx called the founder of political economics. This is by no means a coincidence, it is more appropriate to say that it is inevitable. After nearly 400 years of changes, economics has now become the science that attracts the most attention from governments and people around the world. Economic activities and various indicators are almost all measured, analyzed, predicted and made through statistics. Therefore, the "unified theory of social statistics and mathematical statistics" will definitely improve the level of economics in an all-round way and will also inevitably cause economic problems. A rare breakthrough in learning.

Econometrics is a branch of Western economics that deals with how to measure the actual numerical values ??of economic relationships. It is also often translated as econometrics, as measured by liàng (Modern Chinese Dictionary, June 2012). "Measurement" section of the 6th edition).

When econometrics was born in the 1930s, research was mostly limited to the discussion of econometric methods. Actual econometric work was less and more focused on demand analysis, which can be regarded as actual macroeconomic econometrics. Only Tinbergen's research on the U.S. business cycle was analyzed. After the Second World War, American economist L.R. Klein (1920~) and others continued to improve the scale and depth of the macroeconomic econometrics pioneered by Tinbergen. By the 1960s, a system was formed that sold econometric forecasting services to capitalist enterprises. booming industry. In order to improve the results of actual economic measurement, Western econometricians continue to work hard on measurement method technology. In addition to enlarging models, expanding databases, and improving software packages, they have also made a lot of progress in estimation methods. The ordinary least squares method can become the best linear unbiased estimator only when the objective real situation can be represented by a standard linear model, that is, the estimation result is closest to the reality. The standard linear model refers to: only the dependent variable is a random variable, and the independent variables are a set of fixed values ??that remain unchanged during repeated sampling; the random error of the dependent variable is a normal distribution, and the mean square error of each observation value of the dependent variable is are the same, and the two are uncorrelated with each other (that is, there is no "serial correlation"); there is no accurate linear correlation between each independent variable (that is, there is no "multiple *** linearity"). However, it is difficult for the objective actual situation to meet such strict standard conditions, so various special estimation methods have been designed to cope with it. For example, when the original model does not meet the identification conditions and cannot be restored from the coefficient estimates of the simplified formula to the structural parameter values, and there are random variables in the independent variables of the structural formula, it is necessary to use the two-stage or even three-stage least squares method to estimate. Testing methods and solutions have also been designed to determine whether there are heteroscedasticity, serial correlation, multilinearity, etc. in the observation data, but the efficiency of these methods and measures is still considered to be improved. In addition, there have also been changes in methodology: input-output analysis, which has always been excluded from most econometric textbooks because it does not consider random factors, is now also included in the macroeconomic econometric model as a production technology relationship equation.

As early as the 1940s, Dutch econometrician T.C. Koopmans (1910~) criticized indexes that relied on leading indicators that were not based on economic theory and were calculated directly from time series as "econometrics without theory." However, in recent years, some economic Econometricians also regard time series that do not rely on economic theory as econometric models. In the past two or three decades, the scope of practical economic econometrics using mathematical methods in the West has expanded a lot. Since the content of econometrics has been relatively stereotyped, these expanded fields have formed some new disciplines, such as operations research (including linear programming), Economic cybernetics, system analysis, etc. have enriched and developed the measurement methods and practices of economic relations from different aspects. Why is sports sociology a comprehensive subject?

It is also an interdisciplinary subject. It is the intersection and integration of sports science and sociology. To study this course, you need to combine the professional knowledge of the two disciplines.