Developing mining circular economy provides strong resource guarantee for Zhengzhou’s leap-forward and sustainable economic development

Sustainable economic and social development will inevitably require the support of mineral resources. Without mineral resources, development will become "water without a source and a tree without roots." For Zhengzhou's economy and society to achieve leap-forward sustainable development, strong resource security is the key. It is imperative to conserve, protect and rationally utilize mineral resources, improve the efficiency of mineral resource development and utilization, and enhance the ability to guarantee resource supply. It is imperative to promote a circular economy in the mining industry.

Circular economy is centered on the efficient use and recycling of resources, based on the principle of "reduction, reuse, and resource utilization" and characterized by "low consumption, low emissions, and high efficiency." A new economic development model that is consistent with the concept of sustainable development. It requires the utilization of resources in the economic system to be harmoniously and orderly integrated into the material circulation process of the natural ecosystem, realizing the ecologicalization of economic activities, and then achieving the harmonious unity of economic, environmental and social benefits.

1. The development of mining circular economy in Zhengzhou is of great significance

(1) The development of mining circular economy is an important guarantee for realizing the leap-forward development of Zhengzhou economy

Zhengzhou region It is rich in mineral resources. 36 mineral species have been discovered, 16 species have proven reserves, and more than 20 species have been developed and utilized. Rich mineral resources provide a solid material foundation for Zhengzhou's economic development. The energy industry based on coal resources and the aluminum industry based on bauxite resources are one of the pillar industries of Zhengzhou City. The development of mineral resources has greatly promoted the economic development of counties (cities) under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou City and accelerated the urbanization process in the region. Especially in recent years, Zhengzhou's economy has continued to achieve double-digit growth. In 2006, Zhengzhou's GDP reached 200.15 billion yuan, an increase of 15.7%, and its economic aggregate accounted for 19.4% of the province's economic aggregate, in which the mining economy played a decisive role. While the mining economy continues to develop, we are also clearly aware that there are many deep-seated contradictions and problems in the development and utilization of mineral resources: excessive mining intensity and insufficient backup resources; extensive production management and backward environmental governance; comprehensive development and utilization levels It is not high, and resources are wasted seriously; the industrial structure is not reasonable, and the mining factor market is not developed, etc., which seriously restricts the sustainable development of our city's mining economy. Especially after entering the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government clearly put forward the development requirements of "realizing the rise of the Central Plains through Zhengzhou", and the Zhengzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government also proposed the strategic goal of "achieving leap-forward development and building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way" . Both the external environment and its own development determine that the first 20 years of this century will be an important period for accelerating the construction of Zhengzhou's star metropolis, and the demand for mineral resources will surely grow rapidly. The extensive utilization of mineral resources will further highlight the constraints of resources on Zhengzhou's economic and social development. This requires that mining development must adhere to the scientific concept of development, develop a mining circular economy, and establish a resource-saving, environmentally friendly, socially harmonious, production-intensive, and economically developed regional mining economy, thus greatly enhancing the impact of mining on Zhengzhou The ability to guarantee economic development.

(2) Developing a mining circular economy is an inevitable requirement to achieve sustainable development and build a "harmonious Zhengzhou"

The construction of a harmonious society is based on "resource conservation, environmental friendliness, and social progress" ", people live and work in peace and contentment" as the goal, is characterized by "low consumption, low emissions, high efficiency" resource development and utilization, and is supported by sustainable development. As the city's economic and social development enters a new stage of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, resource consumption has increased significantly, the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly prominent, and the retained resource reserves have declined. Large and medium-sized enterprises such as Zhengzhou Coal Industry (Group) Company, a key provincial enterprise in our city, and Henan Branch of China Aluminum Corporation, are all facing the severe situation of rapid resource depletion and insufficient backup resources. There are also some mines with severe or moderate resource crises that are facing problems such as economic transformation and social stability. Premier Wen Jiabao said: "The biggest political problem in China today is the problem of life, and the biggest economic problem is the problem of resources. Resources have become a serious bottleneck for economic development." If the development and utilization of mineral resources continues to follow the traditional high consumption, high energy consumption, high pollution, Extensive development and utilization methods with low utilization will inevitably cause greater waste and damage to our city's existing resources and ecological environment, and will inevitably affect our city's economic development and social stability. In order to achieve sustainable development and build a harmonious Zhengzhou, mining development must bid farewell to the traditional model as soon as possible, adhere to the scientific outlook on development, and follow the path of mining circular economy.

2. Zhengzhou’s main practices in developing mining circular economy

Most of Zhengzhou’s metallurgy, non-ferrous metals, electric power, chemical industry, building materials (construction), light industry, textile and agricultural production materials Mineral products are used as raw materials. Mining plays a very important role in Zhengzhou's national economy and is the foundation and forerunner of the entire industrial system. In recent years, the Zhengzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have fully implemented the national resource macro-control policy based on the actual development and utilization of mineral resources in the city, actively supported the mining circular economy industry, supported and encouraged mining enterprises to develop and construct resource comprehensive utilization and recycling projects, and actively explored our The methods and approaches for the sustainable development of the municipal mining industry have achieved initial results.

(1) Taking the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and coalbed methane as the starting point, highlighting the comprehensive utilization and development of resources

The Zhengzhou mining area is an old mining area. For a long time, coal production has Wastes such as coal gangue, lean coal, power plant slag, and smelting plant waste at the back end of the process accumulate into mountains, which not only pollutes the environment, but also takes up land. In order to completely solve this industrial problem and improve the ecological environment of the mining area, our city's Dengfeng, Xinmi, Gongyi, Xingyang, Erqi and other counties (cities) have actively implemented relevant national, provincial and municipal incentive policies and vigorously supported the development of "coal Gangue, cinder, fly ash—building materials” industry chain. Focusing on the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, cinder, and fly ash, we put forward the slogan of "making bricks without soil and burning bricks without coal" to vigorously develop the non-burning brick industry. At the same time, the comprehensive ban and closure of clay brick and tile kiln factories not only protects cultivated land, but also frees up market space for the promotion and use of non-fired bricks. All the coal gangue discharged from the mines is used as an alternative raw material for clay by the unfired brick factory, and all the slag discharged from the power plant is used as admixture and digested by the cement plant. Today, coal gangue, slag, and fly ash from the Zhengzhou mining area are no longer waste, and their prices have been rising again and again, and sales are booming. More than 100 non-burning brick factories in the city rely on coal gangue and fly ash to survive. The use of coal gangue to process building bricks and tiles is not only low-cost, but also "eats up" the gangue mountains in the Zhengzhou mining area. At present, the phenomenon of coal gangue accumulation and land occupation in Dengfeng, Xinmi, Gongyi, Xingyang and other counties (cities) has been significantly reduced. , some of the previously occupied land has also been reclaimed.

Furthermore, it is to actively develop coalbed methane power generation. In response to the problem of coal seam gas outbursts, some coal mines in Dengfeng, Xinmi and Xinzheng have actively collaborated with scientific research institutions to tackle key problems and established ground gas drainage stations, vacuum pump drainage pipes, civil gas heating systems and gas power plants. Not only has it effectively solved the problem of insufficient power supply and heating in the mining area, but part of the surplus electricity has also been imported into the Central China Power Grid for market operations, which not only ensures production safety, but also achieves obvious economic benefits and avoids the pollution of the atmospheric environment caused by natural gas emissions. .

(2) Actively expand and extend the mining industry chain and improve resource utilization efficiency

Achieving maximum economic benefits while consuming the same resources is to change the concept of mining economic development and enhance the value of resources important ways. After years of exploration and practice in this regard, Dengfeng City has gradually formed a "coal--electricity", "coal--electricity--heat--smelting", "coal--electricity--building materials" and other industrial chains, many pit-head power plants such as China Resources Power Plant and Dongjindian Thermal Power Plant have been built. Mineral product deep processing enterprises such as Tangzhuang Electrolytic Aluminum Plant, Aoxin Smelting, and Zhongtai Porcelain have also been built. The added value of the output of mineral resources has increased. It has greatly improved the efficiency of resource utilization, changed the original practice of relying on selling raw coal to make a living, and the local economy has developed rapidly.

(3) Promote environmental management of mining areas and strive to create ecologically harmonious mining areas

Dengfeng, Xinmi, Gongyi, Xingyang and other counties (cities) are under the unified deployment of the Zhengzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government , combined with the special tasks of coal mine subsidence area management and shanty town reconstruction carried out by the province and city, strictly implement the ecological and landform restoration responsibility system of "whoever destroys it, who will manage it", and adopt the organizational form of "government-led, enterprise-based" to adopt enterprise We will vigorously carry out the management and greening of coal mining subsidence areas through a fund pooling model that combines investment with special government financial subsidies.

All mining counties (cities) use the gangue generated during the mining development process and the construction waste generated from urban construction and shantytown renovation to backfill the coal mining subsidence area, effectively solving the problem of gangue and construction waste. Problems such as land accumulation and environmental pollution. Jinling, Xiangyang, Yangcheng and other coal mines have actively promoted greening and vegetation restoration projects in mining areas in accordance with the idea of ??building green ecological and environment-friendly mines, and have achieved phased results.

At the same time, our city has also actively carried out geological heritage protection work, and has successively built a large number of geological heritage protection parks represented by Songshan Global Geopark, which has achieved good ecological, social and economic benefits.

(4) Actively promote resource integration, strive to create economies of scale in the mining industry, and build a higher main platform for the development of the mining circular economy

The integration of mining resource development is a centralized solution to the problem of mining Unreasonable development layout is an important means to achieve large-scale and intensive development of resources; it is the basic work to control the disorder of mining industry from the source; it is an effective way to adjust the mining structure and promote the transformation of mining economic growth mode. Resource integration is of great significance to developing a mining circular economy, building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society, and taking a new industrialization path. After the first round of mineral resource integration in our city, the number of mining enterprises has been greatly reduced, the production scale of single mines has been significantly improved, the situation of "many, small and scattered" mining enterprises has been significantly changed, and the mine development layout has become more consistent. More reasonable. At the same time, a number of highly competitive and well-funded mining groups, represented by Zhengzhou Coal Industry (Group) Company and China Aluminum Corporation Henan Branch, have been created, laying a solid foundation for the development of a circular economy in the mining industry.

(5) Adhering to the coordinated operation of government regulations and market mechanisms, the external environment for the city’s development of mining circular economy has been significantly improved, and the internal motivation has been significantly enhanced

On the one hand, the municipal government has formulated and Improve laws and policies, strengthen administrative supervision, increase law enforcement, and actively promote the rectification and standardization of mineral resource development order; severely crack down on and investigate illegal activities such as unlicensed mining and cross-border mining; resolutely close mines that damage the environment and do not meet the conditions for safe production Enterprises; comprehensively investigate and correct various illegal activities in the development and management of mineral resources. Through a series of rectification and governance, illegal activities such as unlicensed mining, indiscriminate mining, waste and destruction of mineral resources have been comprehensively curbed; illegal activities such as super-layer and cross-border mining have been comprehensively cleaned up; illegal cases have also been investigated and dealt with in a timely manner; mine safety accidents and The phenomenon of damage to the ecological environment has been significantly reduced, the order of mineral resource development has been more standardized, the mining investment environment has been significantly improved, and the legitimate interests of mining enterprises have been fully protected, thus creating a good external environment for our city to develop a mining circular economy.

On the other hand, give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation, and include natural resources and ecological environment that were previously regarded as "public goods" into the categories of "factors of production" and "capital" , promote the paid use system of mineral resources and ecological environment in accordance with the principles of "developer protection, user compensation, wasters pay, and destroyers recovery", by formulating various incentive and restraint policies, and using economic levers such as prices, taxes, and subsidies , making the company's profit goals and business operations consistent with the direction of developing a circular economy, and increasing the enthusiasm of companies to participate.

(6) Pay attention to the cultivation of typical models and promote the healthy development of the city’s mining circular economy

In the fierce competition in the mining market, Zhengzhou Dengcao Group Company has a strong sense of social responsibility and mission , actively explore, have the courage to innovate, insist on taking the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and coal bed methane as the entry point, and combine it with its own reality, to create a unique path of mining circular economy.

First, actively develop coal mine gas power generation projects. The Jinling Coal Mine of Dengcao Group Company is a high-gas mine. In order to solve the gas problem and ensure mine safety, they adhere to the policy of "promoting extraction through use, promoting extraction through extraction, and balancing extraction and extraction" to establish a green and environmentally friendly natural ecological mine. It has successively developed and built a mine civil gas system and a mine gas power plant. The civil gas system has effectively solved the problems of domestic gas consumption and winter heating in the mining area. The annual power generation of the gas power plant can reach 10 million kilowatt hours, providing 40% of the power supply needs of the mine, alleviating This project has solved the problem of difficulty in power supply in mines and saved the company nearly 6 million yuan every year.

Second, the coal gangue burning cement project was successfully developed. Thousands of tons of coal gangue have piled up in the mining area for a long time. Faced with the actual situation of the increasingly deteriorating environment in the mining area, the scientific research center of Dengcao Group started by analyzing the composition of the coal gangue and explored the cyclic development of using coal gangue to make cement. new road. In 2006, the group company produced 505,000 tons of cement, using 152,000 tons of coal gangue, 20,400 tons of sulfuric acid residue, 14,200 tons of phosphogypsum, 26,200 tons of mining waste residue, and 138,400 tons of fly ash, with a total waste utilization of 357,200 tons. Thousands of tons.

The use of these industrial waste residues not only effectively reduces the pollution of the mining area environment, but also reduces the cement production cost by 25 yuan per ton, allowing the enterprise to increase economic benefits by 12 million yuan, and has received good economic and social benefits.

In July 2007, the national small coal mine safety basic management on-site meeting was held in Dengfeng. Li Yizhong, director of the State Administration of Work Safety, and Zhao Tiechui, director of the State Administration of Coal Mine Safety, inspected the coal mines of Dengcao Group Company. It fully affirmed Dengcao Group's insistence on comprehensive development and utilization of resources and its work in coal mine safety management. Our city has its own models and models for developing a mining circular economy.

3. Suggestions on the Development of Mining Circular Economy

Due to various reasons, the development of mining circular economy in our city started late and is still in its primary stage. The development of mining circular economy still faces a lack of awareness. It is not high, and there are practical problems such as weak main body strength, insufficient capital investment, lack of technical support, imperfect regulations, policies and incentive mechanisms. In particular, it is necessary to do a good job in the following aspects:

(1) Increase the Publicize, raise awareness, and actively create a strong atmosphere for the development of mining circular economy

Developing mining circular economy is an important guarantee for Zhengzhou’s sustainable economic development. It is not only related to contemporary development, but also benefits future generations, benefiting the country and the people. , requires the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the general public. It is necessary to carry out various forms of publicity activities through the use of radio, television, newspapers, magazines and the printing and distribution of promotional materials, vigorously popularize relevant knowledge about the mining circular economy, widely publicize the policy of developing the mining circular economy, and raise awareness of the importance of developing the mining circular economy. know. Through extensive publicity and education activities, it is necessary to enable leading cadres at all levels to establish a scientific outlook on development, integrate the concept of developing mining circular economy into all mining economic work, and follow the path of sustainable development; to enable leaders of mining enterprises to establish the concept of circular economy. New concepts, new thinking, innovative development ideas, and pioneering business operations; enable the public to establish conscious awareness of environmental protection and green consumption, consciously resist waste of resources, gradually turn conservation awareness into conscious behavior of every citizen, and gradually form A lifestyle and consumption pattern that conserves resources and protects the environment.

(2) Strengthen leadership, implement responsibilities, establish working systems, and strengthen organizational leadership for the development of mining circular economy

First, we must improve the organization. It is necessary to establish a mining circular economy development leading group headed by the municipal leader, and establish a permanent working organization composed of the National Development and Reform Commission, land and resources, environmental protection, finance, science and technology and other functional departments. The second is to implement responsibilities. Establish an assessment system for the goal of developing a circular economy in the mining industry, and issue responsibility goals for the relevant municipal committees and bureaus and key mining enterprises to develop a circular economy in the mining industry, so that all levels of responsibility are responsible and implemented step by step. The third is to study and formulate policies, learn from advanced experience from other places, carefully analyze the actual situation of the local department, and study and formulate policies and measures for the local department to promote the development of mining circular economy. The fourth is to strengthen supervision and supervision. The leading group for developing mining circular economy should regularly listen to reports, conduct research, go deep into the grassroots level, and discover and solve problems. Each member unit must perform its duties and responsibilities, cooperate with each other, strengthen collaboration, ensure that mining circular economy projects, funds, technology and preferential policies are implemented in place, and provide strong organizational leadership for the development of mining circular economy.

(3) The development of mining circular economy must be combined with the development of knowledge economy

Knowledge economy and circular economy are two complementary and indispensable aspects of sustainable development strategy. Comprehensively improving our city's independent innovation capabilities in science and technology and increasing the intensity of technology introduction are important prerequisites for our city to build a resource-saving society. Whether it is reduction, reuse, resource utilization, or guiding green consumption and developing environmentally friendly industries, they are all inseparable from the support of scientific and technological progress. The strategic need for scientific and technological progress to develop a circular economy in the mining industry is increasingly urgent. Zhengzhou Science and Technology’s mid- and long-term plans should include supporting the development of mining circular economy as one of its strategic directions. The economic and social development plan should also include increasing scientific and technological investment in supporting mining circular economy as an important content, setting up special technical research projects, and promoting new technologies and new technologies. Adequate attention and support will be given to the promotion and application of technology, new equipment and new materials. All mining enterprises should increase technological transformation efforts based on their own characteristics and promote advanced, mature and applicable new technologies for energy conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources. New mining investment projects should focus on the comprehensive utilization of new technology systems.

Support key enterprises and scientific research units such as Zhengzhou Coal Group and Chinalco to independently develop and research new technologies for comprehensive mining and utilization of mineral resources, so that enterprises can gradually form a complete technical system for resource conservation, recycling, and recycling.

(4) Adhere to the rational allocation and comprehensive utilization, improve the standard system and optimize the economic structure simultaneously, implement multi-pronged policies, and promote the city's mining circular economy in depth

Planning plays a leading role in the allocation of mineral resources, strictly formulates the city's mineral resources development and utilization plan, incorporates the conservation of mineral resources into the main content of resource planning, rationally allocates resources, and makes mineral resource planning an integral part of the macro-control of the mining economy and the conservation and utilization of mineral resources. important means. Mineral resource development projects that do not comply with the plan will be submitted to the Henan Provincial Department of Land and Resources for review and approval. At the same time, in the process of mineral development, we adhere to the comprehensive utilization policy and carry out comprehensive exploration, mining and utilization of natural and associated minerals in accordance with the principle of "reduction, reuse and recycling", as well as the use of mineral resources as raw materials. Comprehensive utilization of waste residues, waste liquids, waste gases from , and fuel industrial enterprises as well as water and gas in the production process. This will extend the resource utilization industry chain and increase the added value of resources.

In the process of developing the mining circular economy and building a conservation-oriented society, we must insist on playing the irreplaceable role of the "standard system". Relevant municipal departments should formulate a detailed standard system for resource conservation and comprehensive utilization as soon as possible. Formulate local regulations to protect scarce mineral resources, promote cleaner production, and develop circular economy; establish and improve market access standards and energy-saving assessment indicator systems for high resource-consuming industries. Regularly carry out special inspections on the implementation of enterprises' energy efficiency standards, resource utilization standards, etc., reward enterprises with outstanding achievements, and investigate and deal with enterprises with serious problems in accordance with the law. At the same time, the city's adjustment of industrial structure, product structure and energy consumption structure should be placed in a more prominent position, prevent the blind development and low-level duplication of some high-energy-consuming industries, limit and eliminate backward processes that waste resources and pollute the environment, and in accordance with the resources The principles of consumption reduction and harmless environmental impact integrate the concept of circular economy into all fields and links of economic and social development. Actively coordinate, establish and improve the resource recycling system among enterprises, and actively create green ecological mining areas. Guide and encourage enterprises to accelerate the promotion of advanced and applicable technologies, so that the material consumption, energy consumption, water consumption and pollutant emission intensity of unit products reach the domestic advanced level, and gradually reduce the city's economic dependence on resources.

With the increasing intensity of national macro-control, the bottleneck constraints of resources on Zhengzhou’s economic development will be further highlighted. To realize the resource guarantee task of mining for the leap-forward and sustainable development of Zhengzhou’s economy, we must use Guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development, we guide the development of the mining industry in accordance with the concept of circular economy, and gradually realize the transformation from extensive to intensive resource development and utilization. However, the development of mining circular economy is a complex systematic project, which must be guided by innovative circular economy concepts and supported by advanced science and technology and a sound legal system. It requires the active participation and participation of many factors from the government, enterprises, and society. effort.

The road to mining economic recycling has a long way to go!