When was the solar photovoltaic cell invented?

1839, French scientist E.Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect of liquid (referred to as photovoltaic phenomenon).

1877, W.G.Adams and R.E.Day studied the photovoltaic effect of selenium and made the first selenium solar cell.

1883, American inventor charlesFritts described the principle of the first selenium solar cell.

Hallwachs found in 1904 that the combination of copper and cuprous oxide (Cu/Cu2O) is photosensitive. German physicist Albert Einstein published a paper on photoelectric effect.

19 18 polish scientist che Krousky developed a cutting Krousky process for growing monocrystalline silicon by cutting Krousky.

192 1 year, German physicist Einstein won the Nobel Prize in physics for his theory of explaining photoelectric effect proposed by 1904.

1930 B. Lang studied cuprous oxide/copper solar cells and published a paper "New Photovoltaic Cells"; W.Schottky published the paper "A New Type of Cuprous Oxide Photocell".

1932, Audobert and Stora discovered the photovoltaic phenomenon of cadmium sulfide (CdS).

1933, L.O.Grondahl published the paper "Copper-Cuprous Oxide Rectifier and Photovoltaic Cell".

194 1 year, Orr discovered the photovoltaic effect on silicon.

195 1 year to grow pn junction and realize the preparation of single crystal germanium battery.

1953, Dr. DanTrivich of Wayne State University completed the first theoretical calculation of photoelectric conversion efficiency of various bandgap materials based on sunlight.

1954, P.Rappaport of RCA laboratory reported the photovoltaic phenomenon of cadmium sulfide (RCA: American Radiology, American Radio Corporation).

Bell Laboratories researchers D.M.Chapin, C.S.Fuller and G.L.Pearson reported that the efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells was 4.5%, and the efficiency reached 6% several months later. Three scientists from Bell Laboratories have successfully developed monocrystalline silicon solar cells.

1955, western electric began to sell commercial patents of silicon photovoltaic technology, and held an international solar energy conference at the university of Arizona. Hoffman Electronics has introduced a commercial solar cell product with an efficiency of 2%. The cell is 14mW/ piece, which is equivalent to 1785 USD /W/w/w.

1956, P.P. pappappapport, J. J. Loverski and E.G.Linder published the article "Electron Flow Effect of Ge-Si pn Junction".

1957 Hoffman electronic single crystal silicon battery has an efficiency of 8%; D.M.Chapin, C.S.Fuller and G.L.Pearson obtained the patent of "solar energy conversion device".

1958, T.Mandelkorn of American Signal Force made an n/p single crystal silicon photovoltaic cell, which has strong radiation resistance and is very important for space batteries. The efficiency of Hoffman electronic monocrystalline silicon battery reaches 9%; The first satellite, Xianfeng 1, is powered by photovoltaic cells (100 cm ㎡, 0. 1W), which supplies power to the standby 5mW microphone.

1959 Hoffman electron realizes the commercialization of monocrystalline silicon cell, and the efficiency reaches 10%, and the series resistance of photovoltaic cell is significantly reduced by using gate electrode; Satellite Explorer 6 was launched with 9,600 solar cell arrays, each 2cm2 and ***20W.

1960 Hoffman electron realizes that the efficiency of monocrystalline silicon battery reaches 14%.

Telstar, the first commercial communication satellite, was launched in 1962, and the power of solar cells used was 14W.

Telstar, the first commercial communication satellite, was launched in 1962, and the power of solar cells used was 14W.

Telstar, the first commercial communication satellite, was launched in 1962, and the power of solar cells used was 14W.

1963 Sharp successfully produced photovoltaic modules; Japan installed a 242W photovoltaic cell array in a lighthouse, which was the largest photovoltaic cell array in the world at that time.

1964 spacecraft "light wheel launch" with 470W photovoltaic array installed.

1965 PeterGlaser and A.D.Little put forward the idea of satellite solar power station.

1966 was emitted by the 1000W photovoltaic array used by the large orbit observatory.

1972, the French installed a cadmium sulfide photovoltaic system in a rural school in Niger to supply power for educational television.

1973 The University of Delaware built the world's first photovoltaic house.

1974 Japan launched the "sunshine plan" for photovoltaic power generation; Tyco grows the first EFG crystal silicon ribbon, which is 25mm wide and 457mm long (EFG: edgedefinedfilm-growth).

1977 photovoltaic cells in the world exceeded 500KWD.E.Carlson and C.R.Wronski made the world's first amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cell on the basis of 1975 W.E.Spear controlling the pn junction.

1979, the total installed capacity of batteries in global solar reached 1MW.

1980 ARCO solar energy company is the world's first photovoltaic cell manufacturer, with an annual output of1MW; Sanyo Electric Company took the lead in making a handheld pocket calculator with amorphous silicon battery, and then completed the batch production of amorphous silicon components and conducted outdoor tests.

198 1 year, the photovoltaic plane named SolarChallenger successfully made its first flight.

1982 the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeds 9.3MW.

1983, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 21.3 MW; The 1KW photovoltaic power generation vehicle named SolarTrek crosses Australia with a journey of 4000Km in 20 days.

1984, the commercial amorphous silicon solar cell module with an area of 929 cm ㎡ came out.

1985 price of monocrystalline silicon solar cell10usd/w; The efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cell developed by MartinGreen of the University of New South Wales in Australia reaches 20%.

1June, 986, ARCOSolar released the world's first commercial thin-film battery "power module" G-4000.

In June, 1987, 1 1, GMSunraycer won the PentaxWorldSolar Callengepv-Power automobile race, covering a distance of 3 100Km and crossing Australia with an average speed of 71km/h.

1990, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 46.5MW.

199 1 year, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeds 55.3MW, and the efficiency of nano-TiO2 _ 2 dye-sensitized solar cells developed by Professor Gratzel of Switzerland reaches 7%.

1992, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 57.9MW.

1993, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 60. 1MW.

From 65438 to 0994, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 69.4MW.

The annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 77.7MW from 65438 to 0995. The total installed capacity of photovoltaic cells reaches 500MW.

From 65438 to 0996, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 88.6 MW.

1997 The annual output of solar cells in the world exceeds 125.8MW.

1998 The annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded151.7 MW; The output of polysilicon solar cells surpassed that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells for the first time.

1999 The annual output of solar cells in the world exceeds 201.3 MW; M.A.Contreras of NREL reported that the efficiency of copper indium tin (CIS) solar cells reached 65,438+08.8%. Amorphous silicon solar cells account for 12.3% of the market.

In 2000, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 399MWWuX. For example, AibinD. S et al reported that the efficiency of CdTe solar cells reached16.4%; The price of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is about $3/watt.

In 2002, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 540MW, and the price of polysilicon solar cells was about $2.2/watt.

In 2003, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 760MW, and the efficiency of LFC crystalline silicon solar cells of Fraunhofer Association of Germany reached 20%.

In 2004, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded1200mw; The efficiency of German FraunhoferISE polysilicon solar cell reaches 20.3%; Amorphous silicon solar cells accounted for 4.4% of the market, which decreased to 1/3 in 1999, and CdTe accounted for1.1%. While CIS accounts for 0.4%.

In 2005, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 1759MW.

Development history of solar power generation in China

As the new engine of the world economy, China's photovoltaic industry has shown unprecedented vitality. A large number of photovoltaic enterprises came into being, and now the photovoltaic output has reached the world leading level. Now OFweek Solar Photovoltaic Network takes you back to the history of solar energy development in China:

1958, China developed the first silicon single crystal.

From 1968 to the end of 1969, Semiconductor Institute undertook the research and production task of "Practice Satellite 1" silicon solar panels. In the research, the researchers found that the P+/N silicon single-chip solar cell will encounter electron radiation when it runs in space, which will lead to the decay of the battery and make it impossible for the battery to run in space for a long time.

1969, Semiconductor Institute stopped the research and development of silicon solar cells. Subsequently, Tianjin Institute 18 developed and produced solar panels for Dongfanghong-2, Dongfanghong-3 and Dongfanghong-4 series geosynchronous orbit satellites.

1975, solar cell factories were established in Ningbo and Kaifeng successively. The battery manufacturing process imitated the early process of producing space batteries, and the application of solar cells began to fall from space to the ground.

From 65438 to 0998, China government began to pay attention to solar power generation, and planned to build the first demonstration project of 3MW polysilicon battery and its application system.

In 200 1 year, Wuxi Suntech successfully established a 10MW solar cell production line. In September, 2002, Suntech's first 10MWp solar cell production line was officially put into production, and its production capacity was equivalent to the sum of the national solar cell production in the previous four years, which shortened the gap between China and the international photovoltaic industry by 15.

From 2003 to 2005, driven by the European market, especially the German market, Suntech and Baoding Yingli continued to expand their production, and many other enterprises successively established solar cell production lines, which made the solar cell output in China increase rapidly.

In 2004, China Nonferrous Design Institute and Luoyang Monocrystalline Silicon Factory independently developed 12 pairs of energy-saving polysilicon reduction furnaces. On this basis, in 2005, the first 300-ton polysilicon production project in China was completed and put into operation, which opened the prelude to the great development of polysilicon in China.

In 2007, China became the country that produced the most solar cells, and the output jumped from 400MW in 2006 to 1088MW.

In 2008, the output of solar cells in China reached 2,600 MW.

In 2009, the output of solar cells in China reached 4000 MW.

In 2006, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 2500MW.

In 2007, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 4450MW.

In 2008, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 7900MW.

In 2009, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 10700MW.

In 20 10 year, the annual output of batteries in global solar will reach 15200MW.