Detailed data collection of Miyun reservoir

Miyun Reservoir is located at 13km north of Miyun County, Beijing, and in the hilly area of Yanshan Mountains. It was completed in September 1960. It covers an area of 180 square kilometers, with Miyun Reservoir as the center and Fiona Fang 200 kilometers. Miyun Reservoir, with a storage capacity of 4 billion cubic meters and an average depth of 30 meters, is the largest and only drinking water source in Beijing. Miyun Reservoir has two main inflow rivers, namely Baihe River and Chaohe River. Miyun Reservoir is the largest artificial lake in Asia and is known as the "Pearl of Yanshan Mountain". There is also a 1 10 km expressway around the reservoir, which is one of the tourist attractions in Beijing. The average temperature in summer in the reservoir area is 3℃ lower than that in the urban area, so it is a summer resort. Miyun Reservoir is a famous fish town in Beijing. On October 2017165438+10/9, the storage capacity of Miyun Reservoir exceeded 2 billion cubic meters, the largest since the 20th century.

Wang Ning is the municipal river head of Miyun Reservoir.

Chinese name: Miyun Reservoir Location: Miyun County, Beijing Construction Time: 1960 September Area: 90- 183.6 square kilometers Depth: 1994 Highest 153.98 meters13. Kloc-0/65438+ 10's history of diversion canal, construction evolution, initial planning, reinforcement, resettlement, engineering benefits, flood control and irrigation, urban water supply, power generation, fish farming, management and protection, tourism development and development, Miyun Reservoir 1958 was built less than 9 months ago, with a total of 5. 1974. The water level of Miyun Reservoir has reached153m, the highest since the reservoir was built. Most of the "treasure land" in the reservoir area (below 157.5 meters) was flooded, and some villages near the reservoir were flooded, making production and life difficult. Therefore, Miyun County decided to relocate some villages to the south of the reservoir again. From 1974 to 1976 and 13, nearly 4,000 people moved to Shilibao and Xitiangezhuang in the south of the reservoir. Since 1982, Miyun Reservoir has stopped supplying water to Tianjin and Hebei, specifically to ensure the domestic water for Beijing residents. Since then, it has gained the reputation of "big basin" in Beijing, and it continuously delivers water to the urban area. 1995. After these immigrants, 90% of the villages in Miyun County have immigrant households. The reservoir has a total area of 336,000 mu, occupying 240,000 mu of cultivated land, accounting for more than 30% of the total cultivated land in the county at that time. By the early 1990s, the population around the reservoir had been seriously overloaded. The State Council decided to move 15000 people who lived below the water level of 155 meters and had poor living conditions out of the reservoir area. The first batch of immigrants moved out in 1995, which lasted for 6 years. There are12,484 people who immigrated to Tongzhou and Shunyi from Miyun Reservoir, and another 2,724 people choose to live with relatives and friends. Their housing conditions are better than in the past, and they have more arable land and employment opportunities, especially their children's educational conditions have improved, creating good conditions for them to get rid of poverty and become rich. The problem of population overload around Miyun Reservoir has also been greatly alleviated. 2017165438+1October 19 The storage capacity of Miyun Reservoir has reached 2 billion cubic meters for the first time since 2000. 17, 20 18: 58 Miyun Reservoir has a water level of 146.3 1 m, a water storage capacity of 2,200.4 million cubic meters, a water surface area of 130.95 square kilometers, and both the water level and storage capacity of the reservoir have reached1m. Location Miyun Reservoir is the largest reservoir in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area and the second largest reservoir in North China. It is located in the northeast of Beijing, in the middle of Miyun County, more than 70 kilometers southwest of Beijing, and 0/2 kilometers away from Miyun County. The reservoir is located below the middle reaches of the Chaohe River and the Baihe River, and is formed by retaining the water of the Baihe River and the Chaohe River. The reservoir area spans two rivers. Features of Miyun Reservoir The maximum water level of the reservoir is 188 square kilometers, the water surface is137,000 mu, and the water depth is 40 to 60 meters. It is divided into three reservoir areas: Baihe, Chaohe and Neihu, with a maximum storage capacity of 4.375 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 67 Ming Tombs reservoirs or 150 Kunming Lake. Highway around the lake 1 10 km. Description: Miyun Reservoir looks like an equilateral triangle; When the flood level 158.5m, the corresponding water surface area 183.6km2, storage capacity 4 190m, normal storage level 157.5m, corresponding water surface area L 79.33km2, storage capacity 4.008m and flood limit water level/kloc-0. A tributary is the Baihe River, which originates from Guyuan County, Hebei Province and flows into Miyun Reservoir through Chicheng County, Yanqing County and Huairou District. Chaohe River originated in Fengning County, Hebei Province, passed through Luanping County and entered Miyun Reservoir from Gubeikou. The main buildings include 2 main dams, 5 auxiliary dams, 2 water conveyance tunnels, 3 large spillway tunnels, 2 power stations, 1 large regulating tank and 1 Miyun-Beijing diversion canal. The main dam Chaohe main dam is located about 100 meters southwest of Nanjianchang Village. It is a roller compacted earth dam with sloping loam wall and gravel dam. The overburden of dam foundation is 14m thick, and there are loam gully seepage prevention and bedrock curtain grouting at the dam bottom. Dam crest elevation 160m, maximum dam crest height 56m, dam crest length 1008m and width 8m. 5.062 million cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, with an investment of 25.05 million yuan. Baihe main dam is located in the north of Xiwangzhuang village 1km, which is a roller compacted earth dam, sloping loam wall and gravel dam. There are three methods for seepage control of dam foundation: loam trough, clay and cement grouting curtain and concrete cutoff wall. Dam crest elevation 160m, maximum dam height 66.4m, dam crest length 960.2m and width 8m. Filling earthwork11010.7 million cubic meters, with an investment of 5 14 1 ten thousand yuan. The five auxiliary dams are located in Beibaiyan, Zoumazhuang, Heather Camel, Xishi Camel and Jiusongshan, with a total length of 2,592 meters. Except for Zoumazhuang auxiliary dam, which is a homogeneous earth dam with a core wall, the rest are rolled earth dams with inclined clay core walls, and the dam faces are lined with stones. The total amount of rock filling for the main and auxiliary dams is18.88 million cubic meters. Jiusongshan auxiliary dam is located 2.5km west of Chaohe main dam. The RCC dam with sloping loam wall and gravel dam body spans five roads, and the number is 1 to No.5 dam section from west to east. The total length of the dam crest is 1059m, and the maximum height is 35.5m The earthwork is filled with 654.38+0.23 million cubic meters, with an investment of 5.03 million yuan. The Beibaiyan auxiliary dam of Miyun Reservoir is located at 1.5km west of Baihe main dam. It is a roller compacted earth dam, with sloping loam walls and gravel permeable dam body. Dam height15.7m and dam crest length120m. 39,000 cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, with an investment of 240,000 yuan. Zoumazhuang auxiliary dam is located at 1.5 km to the east of Baihe main dam, which is an earth dam with sub-clay core wall. There are five passes, which are divided into 1 to No.5 dam section. The maximum dam height is 39 meters, and the total dam crest size is 5 19. 3 meters. 508,000 cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, with an investment of 2.87 million yuan. Xishi Camel Auxiliary Dam is located in Xiyakou, Shiluo Basin, and is divided into two dam sections, namely inclined wall dam and core wall dam. The maximum dam height is 20. 1 m, and the total dam crest is 220m. 87,000 cubic meters of earth and stone were filled, and 365,438+500,000 yuan was shared with the heather camel auxiliary dam. The Heather Camel Auxiliary Dam is located on the platform in the north of Erjiayu Village in the south of Shiluo Basin, and the 1 water pipeline with an outlet diameter of 70 cm is buried 350 meters to the left of the right dam head. The dam is 637 meters long and the maximum dam height is 26.9 meters. 388,000 cubic meters of earth and stone were filled. The regulating tank is located on the east side of Gongzhuangzi Village, downstream of Baihe main dam, connected to the tailrace canal of Baihe Power Station and the Jingmi diversion canal. It is used to adjust the tail water of power generation and supply water to the capital from August 1960 to February 1960. After transformation, the total storage capacity is 5.03 million cubic meters, the effective storage capacity is 265,438+10,000 cubic meters, and the area is 765,438+10,000 square meters. The main facilities are reverse canal, dam, drainage pipeline, retaining sluice, water supply sluice and drainage sluice. Jingmi diversion canal is a large channel to deliver water to the capital. Connected to the regulating pond, the canal is 1 10 km long, flows through five counties and ends at Yuyuantan, and undertakes the task of irrigating 2 million mu of farmland in the suburbs of Beijing and supplying water to Beijing. Construction in two phases. The first phase of the project is from the regulating pool to Xicui Village, Changping County, and will be started from March 1960 to March 196 1. The second phase is from Xicui Village to Yuyuantan, from September 1965 to April 1966. The original design flow is 40 cubic meters per second. After lining, the diversion flow is expanded to 70 cubic meters per second. Among them, Miyun section is 12 km long, occupying cultivated land 1 259. 1 mu, and 23 buildings such as sluice gates, diversion gates, water drops and bridges have been built. 1 in 1978, small hydropower stations were built in Miyun section1seat, with installed capacity 12 seats and total capacity 12300 kw. Construction Evolution Miyun Reservoir was built in September 1958-1960. Miyun Reservoir Management Office was established in 1964, including Chaohe, Baihe, Garden Management Office and Staff Hospital, with a total of 670 employees, responsible for the maintenance, management and operation of the reservoir. The planning and survey of Miyun Reservoir began at 195 1. 1July, 956, Beijing Water Resources Survey and Design Institute listed the construction of Miyun Reservoir as the first batch of projects to control the Haihe River in the Outline of Hydropower Planning in Haihe River Basin.1June, 957,165438+1October, and put forward the specific plan for the construction of Miyun Reservoir during the Third Five-Year Plan period. On June 26th, 1958, Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council inspected Miyun and determined the dam sites of Chaohe and Baihe main dams. At the end of June, the State Council made a decision to build Miyun Reservoir at 1958. Miyun Reservoir Waterscape Miyun Reservoir Mountain was designed by Tsinghua University Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute with the assistance of Beijing Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute. The design leaders are Professor Zhang Guangdou of Tsinghua University and Chief Engineer Yin Feng of Peking University. The water conservancy project is designed as a first-class project, with the design flood return period of 1 0,000 years and the check flood return period of 1 0,000 years. Earth dams are designed as Class I buildings, spillways are designed as Class II buildings, and tunnels and power stations are designed as Class III buildings. The earth dam and spillway are fortified according to the earthquake crack degree of 8 degrees, the heather camel auxiliary dam is fortified according to 8.5 degrees because it crosses the Ermeiyu fault, and other buildings are fortified according to 7 to 7.5 degrees. July 1958, Miyun, Huairou, Pinggu, Yanqing, Jixian, Hezhi, Ninghe, Wuqing, Anci, Dachang, Xianghe, Baoqu, Zunhua, Wutian, Lulong, Funing, Changli, Baxian, Gu 'an and Yongqing in Hebei, Shunyi, Tongzhou and Yongqing in Beijing. Among them, the number of participants in Miyun County reached more than 5,200. On September 1 day, a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Jiusongshan, the site of Chaohe River, and construction officially started. Through the hard work of engineers and technicians, migrant workers and more than 65,438+/kloc-0,000 PLA officers and men,/kloc-0 stopped the flood in September 1959, and/kloc-0 was completed in September 1960. Strengthening the Tangshan earthquake on July 28th 1976 caused the protective layer of the underwater gravel dam slope of Baihe main dam to liquefy and slip, with a slip surface of 60,000 square meters and a collapse volume of 6,543,805 cubic meters. After the earthquake, the Ministry of Water and Electricity and Beijing immediately formed the Miyun Reservoir Earthquake and Flood Control Headquarters, and comprehensively strengthened the original project of the reservoir according to the requirements of earthquake prevention, flood control and disaster prevention. During the reinforcement process, the easy-to-liquefy sand and gravel protective layer of Baihe main dam was thoroughly removed, the ballast material was replaced, and the original clay-covered inclined wall was thickened. Other main and auxiliary dams have also been strengthened, and 1 spillway, three spillway tunnels and 1 power station 1 kw have been added. The project was designed by Tsinghua University, the Second Engineering Bureau and the Thirteenth Engineering Bureau of the Ministry of Water and Electricity. The main dam of Baihe River was reinforced and mechanized construction was given priority to. More than 0/0000 migrant workers from Miyun, Shunyi and Tongxian counties, and more than 0/0000 workers, cadres, PLA officers and soldiers from the Municipal Water Conservancy Engineering Corps, Railway Corps, Beijing Garrison, the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th and 13th Engineering Bureaus of the Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power, and Shiquan Engineering Branch participated in the construction. 1977 Baihe main dam reinforcement project. The people of Miyun County have made great sacrifices and contributions to the construction of Miyun Reservoir. 207,000 mu of fertile land in the reservoir area was flooded, 65 villages were relocated, and the Party and * * * properly resettled 1 1536 households with 56,908 people. Resettlement according to the design of the reservoir, the L area with flood level below159.5m, about 188. 1 km2, is a submerged area, and the cultivated land is submerged1680,000 mu. In addition, roads, canals, houses built by immigrants, and soil taken from storage yards occupied more than 240,000 mu of cultivated land, accounting for 35.4% of all cultivated land in Miyun County at that time. A total of 57 villages, 9763 households and 4756 1 person were moved out; A total of 53,865,438+08 houses were demolished and more than 654,388+million trees were cut down. Engineering Benefits In the 30 years after the completion of Miyun Reservoir, great benefits have been achieved in flood control, irrigation, urban water supply, power generation, fish farming and tourism, with direct economic benefits as high as 1990, which is equivalent to 6 times of the total investment in reservoir construction. Before the flood control irrigation reservoir was built, the Chaobai River suffered nine disasters in ten years, and the safety of about 6 million mu of farmland and people's lives and property downstream was threatened. From 1949 to 1959, there were 8 major floods, and the flooded land exceeded11000000 mu. After the completion of the reservoir, from 1960 to 1990, a total of 1 1 times occurred, and no disaster occurred in the downstream, and the downstream 1 10,000 mu of flood detention land and floodplain became fertile fields. In terms of irrigation, from 196 1 to 198 1, nearly 160 billion cubic meters of agricultural water was provided to Beijing-Tianjin, including Beijing 10042 billion cubic meters and Tianjin 21.60 billion cubic meters. By the end of 1990, the direct economic benefits obtained through flood control and irrigation totaled about 144 billion yuan. Urban Water Supply Miyun Reservoir undertakes the task of supplying industrial and agricultural production and domestic water to Beijing and Tianjin (the water supply to Tianjin is stopped from 1982), and the annual water supply is about 10 billion cubic meters. The cumulative water supply from 196 1 to 1985 is 24.2 billion cubic meters, including 7.5 billion cubic meters of industrial and domestic water in Beijing and Tianjin, and special power generation 1 1 billion cubic meters, which can increase the net industrial output value by 65,438.05 billion yuan. Chaohe Power Station and Baihe Power Station generate 2.058 billion kWh from 1960 to 1987, with an average annual power generation of 73.5 million kWh, equivalent to 64% of the designed power generation, with an average annual output benefit of 4 million yuan to 5 million yuan. The fish culture reservoir is suitable for fishing 1.37 million mu, 1.959 to release fry, 1.9665438 to catch again. By 1.990, 23.939 million kilograms of adult fish had been produced, with an average annual output of about 798,000 kilograms. 1986 began to raise fish in cages, and by 1990, 4.47 million kilograms of fish had been produced. Governance, Development, Governance and Protection At the beginning of the founding of New China, Miyun County had only 200,000 mu of forest land, accounting for 5.98% of the county's total area. After the completion of Miyun Reservoir, Miyun began to plant trees, control sand sources, afforest barren hills and make afforestation by blasting, which lasted for half a century, making the forest coverage rate reach 64.3%, and the forest coverage rate in the reservoir water conservation area was as high as 72.3%.

In order to achieve zero pollution to the water quality of the source water, Miyun implements "three treatments and five transformations" throughout the county ("three treatments" means dealing with garbage, sewage and dirty mess; Five modernizations refer to the purification, greening, hardening, beautification and lighting of villages, and vigorously develop clean energy such as biogas, straw gas and solar water heaters. From the "Swan Lake" of Miyun Reservoir to the mid-1980s, the task of water source protection became more arduous, and two thirds of Miyun became water source protection areas. 1985, Beijing promulgated the "Regulations on the Protection of Two Reservoirs and One Canal", which stipulated that any project except water conservancy project was prohibited in Miyun Reservoir Basin. In a short time, more than 50 enterprises closed down and more than 80 projects under construction stopped working. By 20 1 1, in order to ensure that Miyun Reservoir is not polluted, Miyun County has also put forward the "six guarantees" measures to protect water, rivers, Baoshan, forests, land and environment, and established a team consisting of 7,000 forest rangers, more than 2,000 water conservancy workers, village cleaners and more than 300 women's green protection teams. Around Miyun Reservoir, the water environmental protection team set up by villages and towns has absorbed more than 1800 local residents, so that there is a village-level cleaner every 85 meters along the embankment, working for more than 6 hours every day. After years of effective water source protection, Miyun has formed a beautiful natural environment. The content of negative oxygen ions in the air in the reservoir area is 40 times higher than that in the urban area, and the air quality keeps the first grade all the year round. Miyun Reservoir has also become the only pollution-free drinking water source in Beijing, and the water quality has reached the second-class standard for direct drinking. In 20 14, Miyun county organized all units12,566 people, and established the "six guarantees" mechanism of water, river, Baoshan, forest, land and environment protection. Every town in the county has a deputy mayor in charge of water source protection. Around the reservoir, the towns set up the Miyun Reservoir Water Conservation Inspection Team, and the villages also set up the water conservation team. In order to ensure the environmental safety of the reservoir area, Miyun County will build a purse seine with a length of 398 kilometers to implement closed management of the reservoir. After closed management, the elevation of the reservoir area is 160m, and the following is the "first-class reservoir protection area". Fishing, barbecue, sightseeing and unlicensed fishing are strictly prohibited in the protected areas, and new facilities unrelated to water source protection are strictly prohibited. At the same time, villages in the first-class protected areas will not be allowed to accept migrants. On July 22nd, 20 17, Beijing announced the "enhanced version" of the river length system, and publicized the list of municipal river lengths in Beijing 18: Wang Ning is the municipal river length of Miyun Reservoir. Tourism Development Miyun Reservoir attracts tourists with its beautiful mountains and water, and has become one of the famous tourist attractions in JD.COM. The reservoir dam is towering and the lake is vast. All kinds of buildings next to the library are hidden in green mountains and green waters, just like Fairy Palace and Qiongge. In the northwest of Baihe Dam in the reservoir, there is a mountain with an altitude of more than 900 meters, named the fifth floor, and there are five beacon towers, which are magnificent. Miyun Reservoir is a famous fish town in Beijing. Its famous dishes include "stewed fish" (fresh fish stewed with reservoir water), as well as flour cakes and other farm dishes: stewed pork with shredded gourd, dried tofu, fried brine tofu and so on. Transportation route: Take Dongmi Luxury City bus to Dongzhimen coach station, and then transfer to Miyun Reservoir.