What kind of reform process has China's social security system gone through?

First, China's social security system was gradually established after five periods:

Although it is related to the social security practice in history, it does not directly inherit the social security system of old China. Examining the practice of social security system in the past 50 years can be divided into the following five periods:

1, creation period (1949— 1956).

During this period, the China People's Political Consultative Conference adopted in September of 1949 was the most basic legal basis, and the Labor Insurance Regulations promulgated by the State Council in June of195/kloc-0 was an important symbol. In addition, the previously established special care and pension system, disaster relief and public medical care policies, and the retirement and resignation system of state organs were added. This system has played an important role in healing the wounds of war, consolidating the new regime and stabilizing social order.

2. Adjustment period (1957— 1968).

During this period, in order to adapt to the development of the new situation, the central government decided to adjust and improve the social security system. To this end, the State Council has promulgated the Interim Provisions on Retirement of Employees and the Interim Provisions on Streamlining the Resettlement of Employees, and the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Internal Affairs have also issued relevant decisions to make corresponding adjustments to the system of free medical care, labor insurance medical care, rural five-guarantee support and preferential treatment for military families. Its effect is that the retirement system tends to be normalized and the coverage of social insurance expands. However, due to the increasingly "Left" political trend of thought and economic twists and turns at that time, the adjustment task of social security was not completed.

3. Frustration period (1969— 1977).

The "Cultural Revolution" made the social security cause of new China suffer great setbacks. Since the abolition of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in charge of disaster relief and social welfare at the end of 1968, the Opinions on Several Systems Reform of Financial Work in State-owned Enterprises issued by the Ministry of Finance 1969 even made labor insurance lose its overall function and become a security system for enterprises or units. The trade union organization, as the overall management department of enterprise employees' labor protection, also stopped its activities. The direct consequence was that enterprises operated social and social security on a unit basis. In the end, China's social security system became a segmented plate structure, that is, a social security model composed of three closed and disjointed plates: the national security system, the enterprise security system and the rural collective security system.

4. Repair period (1978 ——1990).

The convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has created good political and social conditions for reversing the chaotic state in the field of social security. From 65438 to 0978, the Fifth National People's Congress decided to re-establish the Ministry of Civil Affairs, ending the situation that there was no competent department for social relief, social welfare, special care and resettlement. The State Council has successively promulgated the Interim Measures for the Resettlement of Old, Weak, Sick and Disabled Cadres, the Interim Measures for the Retirement and Resignation of Workers, the Interim Provisions for the Retirement and Rest of Military Cadres, the Regulations on the Resettlement of Ex-servicemen, the Regulations on Pension and Preferential Treatment for Soldiers and other laws and regulations, and the relevant departments have also formulated the Articles of Association of Rural Cooperative Medical Care (Trial Draft). In the same period, pilot reforms of unemployment insurance for employees of state-owned enterprises, endowment insurance for employees of collective enterprises and disaster relief insurance were also launched in some areas. But as far as the social security system is concerned, the work done in this period is mainly to solve the problems left over from history and restore the normal retirement system in order to save some consequences caused by setbacks.

5. Innovation and development period (since 1990s).

With the deepening of economic reform, the establishment of a socialist market economic system has been determined as the goal of China's economic reform, thus fundamentally touching the traditional social security system with a plate structure. For example, the implementation of the rural contract responsibility system means that the rural collective security system has lost its realistic foundation. The diversification of economic subjects and the marketization of labor brought about by urban economic reform determine that only by making major changes to the social security system can this cause, which is related to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of people, achieve real development.

Therefore, after a period of exploration, China's social security system entered an innovative period of reform and development in the 1990s. Since 1990, the National People's Congress has strengthened the legislative work related to social security, and successively passed the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, the Labor Law and the Law on Donation for Public Welfare. On the other hand, after the release of 199 1 Decision on the Reform of the Old-age Insurance System for Enterprise Employees, the State Council not only formulated laws and regulations such as unemployment insurance regulations, rural five-guarantee regulations, urban minimum living security regulations, but also formulated the basic living security system for laid-off workers and deepened the reform policies of the old-age insurance, medical insurance and urban housing welfare system, and formulated and implemented a large-scale poverty alleviation plan during the Seventh Five-Year Plan.

Second, although the construction and development of the new China social security system is very tortuous, the practice in the past 50 years has eloquently proved that it has played an irreplaceable and indelible role in the stable economic and social development of China.

1, the social security system has effectively maintained the stability of the country.

Since the founding of New China 50 years ago, there has been no social unrest caused by disasters and poverty. This is indeed a miracle in China, which has a vast territory, a large population, frequent disasters and backward development. In this miracle, in addition to the safeguard function of the socialist system itself, social security systems such as labor insurance, social relief, social welfare, special care for the aged, and public medical care, which have been established one after another since the early 1950s, have also saved hundreds of millions of people from survival crisis in the face of various disasters and poverty. This is an important prerequisite and foundation for the stable development of society.

2. The social security system has effectively promoted the development and progress of our society.

① The poverty-stricken population has been greatly reduced. The government relieves the immediate survival crisis of the urban and rural poor through regular disaster relief measures, and also helps the poor out of poverty through the implementation of large-scale poverty alleviation projects. Most urban and rural families have entered the stage of well-off life.

② The quality of the population has been greatly improved. Through the traditional free medical care, rural cooperative medical care system and the medical social insurance system being established at present, the state has effectively guaranteed the health of hundreds of millions of people, not only washed away the shame of "the sick man of East Asia", but also the average life expectancy is approaching the level of developed countries. With the implementation of compulsory education, the national illiteracy rate has dropped from over 90% before the founding of the People's Republic of China to below 10% now, and the proportion of people with higher education has been expanding day by day.

The quality of life of the people has been greatly improved. For example, the elderly can enjoy their old age, medical insurance reduces the heavy financial burden of patients, unemployment insurance supports unemployed workers to find jobs again, rehabilitation helps disabled people integrate into the mainstream society, and so on. Moreover, people have relieved a lot of worries, and the improvement of security and confidence has promoted the improvement of the quality of life.

④ The new social security system still maintains and lubricates the operation of the market economy, and has become an important driving force for China's social development and progress.