What is social insurance? I don't have a unit, how can I buy it?

"Five insurances and one gold" refers to five kinds of insurance, including endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance; "One gold" refers to the housing accumulation fund. Among them, endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance are premiums paid by enterprises and individuals, while industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance are entirely borne by enterprises. Individuals do not need to pay fees. It should be noted here that "five risks" are legal, but "one gold" is not. What is the payment ratio of "five insurances and one gold"? At present, the contribution ratio of endowment insurance in Beijing is: 20% for the unit (of which 17% is included in the overall fund and 3% in the personal account) and 8% for the individual (all included in the personal account); Medical insurance payment ratio: unit 10%, individual 2%+3 yuan; Unemployment insurance payment ratio: unit 1.5%, individual 0.5%; Industrial injury insurance determines the industrial injury rate according to the industry scope of the unit; Maternity insurance payment ratio: 0.8% for the unit, and no payment for the individual. Provident fund deposit ratio: according to the actual situation of the enterprise, choose the housing provident fund deposit ratio. However, in principle, the maximum wage shall not exceed 10% of the average wage of employees in Beijing. (Overall planning fund refers to: in the process of the gradual transformation of the old-age insurance system from the state-unit system to the state-society system, the state needs to make overall plans to solve the problems of unbalanced economic development and aging population. (1) Establish a social pooling fund mainly based on enterprise contributions; (2) Establish personal accounts based on employees and enterprises; (3) The government bears the management expenses of the endowment insurance fund. This semi-fund system, which combines social pooling with individual accounts, is conducive to coping with the crisis of China's aging population, gradually dispersing the transition cost from the old system to the new system, and gradually realizing the transformation from the enterprise pension insurance system to the individual pension insurance system. The payment amount of four insurances and one gold varies from region to region, and the base is based on the total salary. Some enterprises pay basic wages and some related subsidies, but some enterprises only pay basic wages, which is against the law. The specific proportion should be consulted with the local labor department. Surrender of endowment insurance, unemployment insurance and medical insurance can only be obtained under the circumstances permitted by law, which is issued by the insurance registration department, such as "What is the legal limit of endowment insurance?" б When you are unemployed, you must have the conditions to receive N gold. For example, if you go to the street office where your household registration is located and apply for an employment permit, it means that you must have the will to apply for a job after you lose your job. Only in this way can you receive it. If you don't want to work after losing your job, you won't get insurance money. In addition, pensions and unemployment benefits cannot be enjoyed at the same time. Do you enjoy insurance during the probation period? You should also enjoy insurance during the probation period, because the probation period is an integral part of the contract period, not isolated from it. So you should also take out insurance during the probation period. In addition, it is the legal obligation of the enterprise to insure employees, which does not depend on the intention or will of the parties. Even if employees say that they do not need to pay insurance, commercial insurance cannot replace social insurance. Enjoy pension insurance benefits. Pay endowment insurance 15 years or more and reach the legal retirement age: 1, you can enjoy endowment insurance benefits. Receive the basic pension according to the regulations on a monthly basis until death. The calculation formula of basic pension is as follows: basic pension = basic pension+personal account pension+transitional pension = the average monthly salary of employees in the whole city in the previous year before retirement × 20% (15 if the payment period is less than 15)+ personal account principal and interest and indexed monthly average payment salary × 198. 2. Death treatment. (1) Funeral expenses (2) One-time pension (3) Subsidies for immediate family members who meet the support conditions are paid monthly until the immediate family members who support them die. Note: Endowment insurance should be paid continuously as far as possible. According to the relevant documents, if the enterprise or the insured pays the basic old-age insurance premium intermittently (except those who are unemployed or fail to pay according to the relevant regulations during the period of receiving unemployment insurance benefits), the insured meets the conditions stipulated by the state for receiving pensions. When calculating the basic pension, the calculation base of the basic pension is pushed forward year by year to the average salary of employees in this city in the corresponding year according to the cumulative intermittent payment time (every 12 months of the cumulative intermittent payment time is counted as an intermittent payment year, and the shortage of 12 months is not counted). For example, if you retire in 2020, your basic pension will be 20% of the average social wage in 2065, 438+09. However, if the pension insurance is interrupted for 30 months before retirement, it will be interrupted for 2.5 years. According to two years, your basic pension is 20% 1 of the average social wage in 2065438+2007, and the medical expenses for outpatient and emergency treatment are (1- 1) 2. Settlement ratio: 50% of the part of the dispatched personnel above 2,000 yuan will be reimbursed during the contract period, and 50% will be paid by the individual; Within one year, the maximum amount of accumulated reimbursement for outpatient and emergency services of dispatched personnel is 20,000 yuan. 3. The insured shall properly keep the medical documents (including receipts and prescriptions for large amounts) in the outpatient department of the designated hospital. ), as a medical expense reimbursement certificate; 4. Outpatient treatment of three kinds of special diseases: when the insured needs to take anti-rejection drugs after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for malignant tumor, renal dialysis and renal transplantation, the second-and third-level designated hospitals where the insured sees a doctor will issue the Certificate of Disease Diagnosis, fill in the Application Form for Special Diseases of Beijing Medical Insurance, and report it to the district medical insurance center for approval and filing. Outpatient treatment and drug collection for these three special diseases are limited to designated hospitals that have approved treatment, and cannot be purchased in designated retail pharmacies. The medical expenses incurred meet the prescribed scope of outpatient special diseases, with reference to hospitalization settlement; 5. Hospitalization ● Hospitalization deposit: For insured persons who meet the hospitalization conditions, the hospital will collect part of the deposit of the insured persons when they are hospitalized, and the amount of the deposit will be determined by the hospital according to the condition. If the dispatched personnel unit and the insured fail to pay the medical insurance premium in full and on time, the hospitalization deposit shall be paid in full by the dispatched personnel; ● Settlement period: every 90 days of hospitalization of insured persons is a settlement period; No more than 90 days, each hospitalization is a settlement period; ● Medical expenses incurred by patients with malignant tumor after outpatient radiotherapy and chemotherapy, renal dialysis and renal transplantation taking anti-rejection drugs, as well as mental patients who need to be hospitalized all the year round, shall be settled every 360 days; ● The medical expenses incurred by the insured for family sickbed treatment in designated community health service centers (stations) shall be settled once every 90 days; ● When the insured is discharged from the hospital or at the end of the treatment stage, it is necessary for the dispatched personnel to settle with the hospital the expenses that should be paid by the dispatched personnel at their own expense and out of their own pocket, and the medical expenses that should be paid by the basic medical insurance pooling fund and the large medical mutual fund should be reported by the hospital to the medical insurance center for review and settlement; ● When the insured person is hospitalized, he shall set the settlement method of medical expenses within the scope stipulated by the basic medical insurance, and set the deductible line and the maximum payment limit of the basic medical pooling fund; ● The first hospitalization of the deductible line 1.300 yuan, and the later hospitalization in 650 yuan, with a maximum payment limit of 50,000 yuan; For the part exceeding the maximum payment limit (excluding the part below Qifubiaozhun and the personal burden of the dispatched personnel), 70% will be paid by the mutual fund for large medical expenses, and 30% will be borne by the dispatched personnel. The maximum compensation for one year is 654.38+10,000 yuan. According to the hospital level and the amount of expenses in a settlement period, the settlement standard of hospitalization expenses is calculated by stages and paid cumulatively. (When the proportion is adjusted, the new standard shall be implemented. Note: medical insurance for non-public traffic accidents is exempt! Unemployment insurance in unemployment insurance benefits has been paid continuously for more than 1 year, and the files are returned to the street. You can enjoy unemployment insurance benefits in the street. 1. Unemployment insurance: refers to the basic living expenses paid by the unemployment insurance agency to eligible unemployed people according to regulations, which is the most important unemployment insurance benefits. Unemployment insurance benefits shall be implemented according to relevant documents of Beijing; 2. Medical subsidy during the period of receiving unemployment insurance benefits: refers to the subsidy for medical expenses incurred by the unemployed during the period of receiving unemployment insurance benefits. According to relevant policies and regulations of Beijing; 3. Funeral subsidies for unemployed people who died during the period of receiving unemployment insurance benefits and pensions for their spouses and immediate family members shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations. In the event of an accident during the contract period, it is necessary to ask the enterprise for a description of the situation and affix the official seal of the enterprise, and apply for work-related injury identification as soon as possible (preferably within three working days). The following materials are required: 1, proof of initial treatment and diagnosis or hospitalization medical records; 2. Occupational disease diagnosis certificate (one original and one copy each); 3. If there is a traffic accident, provide a traffic brigade accident award or a traffic accident confirmation from the traffic department; 4. Copy of ID card; 5. The original labor contract within the validity period can be reimbursed for maternity-related expenses, including maternity allowance, maternity medical expenses, family planning surgery medical expenses, and other maternity-related expenses stipulated by the state and this Municipality. Maternity allowance is calculated according to the payment base of the month when female employees give birth divided by 30 and multiplied by the number of days of maternity leave. Maternity allowance is the salary of female employees during maternity leave. If the maternity allowance is lower than my salary standard, the difference will be made up by the enterprise. Maternity medical expenses include medical examination expenses, delivery expenses, operation expenses, hospitalization expenses and medicine expenses incurred by female employees due to pregnancy and childbirth. The medical expenses of family planning operation include the medical expenses incurred by employees due to family planning. Now medical insurance is required to be paid for 20 years. After pension payment 15 years, you are eligible to receive pension and enjoy medical insurance reimbursement after retirement. Then there are some things that you can't find online. First, if you go to work in a non-registered permanent residence, for example, your original registered permanent residence is in Beijing and you go to work in Shenzhen, no matter whether your registered permanent residence can be transferred to Shenzhen, in case you don't work in Shenzhen in the future, it is very questionable whether you can transfer the five insurances and one gold paid in Shenzhen, because there is no internet connection in the whole country now, only the internet connection in Beijing, that is. You used to work in a company in Beijing for a few years, and then jumped to another company in Beijing, so there is no problem with five insurances and one gold. However, if you skip from other provinces and cities, it is very troublesome to transfer. Can you turn it back into a problem? Three of the five risks mentioned above are enterprises and individuals. The same payment means that, for example, if your salary is 2,000 yuan, you have to pay 8% unit payment 15% (all the above data are hypothetical). All this money is deposited in one of your accounts, and you can only withdraw it when you can enjoy the old-age insurance (see above for details). Then, considering the content written in the above paragraph, if you can't transfer money, you can't take out all the money in vain. For example, if you pay 500 units a month, resign and pay 1000, and the money can't be transferred, then you can't pay 500 yuan for nothing or take it out-because you don't meet the conditions for enjoying the housing provident fund, you can only take it out when you buy a house, so some people may ask, if I don't plan to develop in the city where I just started working all my life, can I stop taking five insurances and one gold in the future? The answer is that you can't have at least three risks, which is compulsory by the state, so you are helpless. In addition, the question about which part of your salary is multiplied by that percentage is like this. Let's take a look at your salary composition first: basic salary+various benefits+bonus. Many enterprises only pay five insurances and one gold according to the basic salary, because if you calculate according to the three parts, you will have more personally, but the unit will give you more (the five insurances and one gold paid by enterprises and individuals are all paid by individuals, so many enterprises can save as little as possible in order to save money for themselves. In addition, there is a big problem in the welfare part, which everyone must ask when signing a contract in the future! As mentioned earlier, the housing accumulation fund is also paid by enterprises and individuals, but the part paid by enterprises will be yours sooner or later (as long as you buy a house in the future, you can take it out at one time). For example, if you pay 500 units in proportion every month, you may be posted 1000. Although this 1500 can't be taken out before you buy a house, it is theoretically for you. ! ! ! Because that 1000 is empty, you can't get it out without buying a house, so when you sign it, you should ask whether this welfare includes housing provident fund. Be careful!

Introduce this website to you! What is endowment insurance? Endowment insurance is an important part of social security system and one of the five most important social insurances. The so-called endowment insurance (or endowment insurance system) is a social insurance system established by the state and society according to certain laws and regulations to solve the basic life of workers who reach the working age limit stipulated by the state and terminate their labor obligations or quit their jobs because of old age. This concept mainly includes the following three meanings: (1) Old-age insurance will take effect automatically after the elderly within the legal scope completely or basically withdraw from social labor life. The "complete" here is characterized by the separation of workers from the means of production; The so-called "basic" means that participation in production activities has not become the main content of social life. It should be emphasized that the legal age limit (different countries have different standards) is a practical measure. (2) The purpose of endowment insurance is to ensure the basic needs of the elderly and provide them with a stable and reliable source of life. (3) Endowment insurance is based on social insurance to achieve the purpose of protection. Old-age insurance is a social security system widely implemented in all countries of the world. Generally speaking, it has the following characteristics: ① It is enforced by national legislation, and all enterprises and individuals must participate. Those who meet the conditions for receiving a pension can receive a pension from the social insurance department; (2) The source of endowment insurance expenses is generally shared by the state, units and individuals, or by units and individuals to achieve extensive social mutual assistance; (3) Endowment insurance is social, has great influence, enjoys a large number of people for a long time, and costs a lot. Therefore, it is necessary to set up specialized agencies to implement unified planning and management of modernization, specialization and socialization. Let's take a look at the decision to improve the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees this year! According to the Decision of the State Council on Perfecting the Basic Old-age Insurance System for Enterprise Employees, from June 5438+ 10/in 2006, the size of individual account was adjusted from 11%of my paid salary to 8%, all of which was formed by individual contributions, and the unit contributions were no longer included in the personal account. This means that personal pension has a new calculation method. So, does this change in accounting methods have a great impact on employees? The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security said that the reform of payment methods is based on the number of years of participation, focusing on adjusting the payment base, payment ratio and payment months, starting with the establishment of an incentive and restraint mechanism for participation, with the goal of protecting the rights and interests of the insured, and adopting the method of "new system for new people, old system for the elderly, and gradual transition among intermediaries". Therefore, the burden of employees will not increase and the treatment will not decrease. "Newcomers, Old People and Middle People" in system design? About "Newcomers"-After the State Council's decision on establishing a unified basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees is implemented, the insured persons who participate in the work belong to "Newcomers", and their payment years (including deemed payment years, the same below) have accumulated to 15 years, and they will receive the basic pension on a monthly basis after retirement. The level of basic pension benefits is directly linked to the length of payment period, the level of payment base and retirement time. Their basic pension consists of basic pension and personal account pension. The monthly standard of basic pension at retirement is based on the average monthly salary of local employees in the previous year and my indexed monthly salary, and the payment is paid to 1% every1year. The monthly standard of personal account pension is the amount of personal account storage divided by the number of months, which is determined according to the average life expectancy of urban population and its retirement age and interest when employees retire. About the "old people"-the insured who retired before the implementation of the Decision of the State Council on Establishing a Unified Basic Old-age Insurance System for Enterprise Employees belong to the "old people". The basic pension is still given in accordance with the original provisions of the state, and at the same time, with the adjustment of the basic pension, the pension insurance benefits are improved. As for the "middleman"-the insured who took part in the work before the implementation of the Decision of the State Council on Establishing a Unified Basic Old-age Insurance System for Enterprise Employees and retired after the implementation of this decision belong to the "middleman". Due to the accumulation of personal accounts in the past, if the accumulated payment period is 15 years, a transitional pension will be given on the basis of basic pension and personal account pension after retirement. ? Personal accounts are being gradually implemented? The Decision of the State Council on Perfecting the Basic Old-age Insurance System for Enterprise Employees clearly stipulates that from June 5438+ 10/in 2006, all pensions will be formed by individual contributions, and unit contributions will no longer be included in individual accounts. The contribution ratio of urban enterprises and employees is still about 28%, of which the unit pays 20%, and the size of individual account is adjusted from 1 1% of my paid salary to 8%. At the same time, urban individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees must participate in the basic old-age insurance; The payment base is unified as the average salary of local employees in the previous year, and the payment ratio is 20%, of which 8% is credited to personal accounts. After retirement, the basic pension is calculated and paid according to the basic pension plan for enterprise employees. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security said that this is due to the following considerations: First, expand the coverage of old-age insurance and safeguard the social insurance rights and interests of urban individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees. The second is to change the status quo of large differences in policies around the country and unify and standardize the basic insurance system. Third, the state has introduced preferential policies, which has created conditions for unifying the payment methods of urban individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees. He said that improving the system this time will neither increase the burden on enterprises and individuals, nor reduce the treatment of retirees. Question answer: Why should we reform the basic pension calculation and payment method? The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security said: the plan and payment method is the key link of the old-age insurance system, which involves the vital interests of the majority of insured persons. According to the current calculation and payment method, if the payment has reached 15 years, the basic pension will be calculated and paid at 20% of the average salary of local employees in the previous year, and the personal account pension will be calculated and paid at1120 of the account storage amount. There are two problems in this way: first, there is a lack of incentive and restraint mechanism for insurance compensation. The insured whose payment period exceeds 15 years can't get more if they pay more, which doesn't conform to the principle of corresponding social insurance rights and obligations. After the reform, according to the new calculation and payment methods, they can get more if they pay more. Under the old method, after 15 years, there are still a few people who are unwilling to pay. Second, it does not meet the actual situation of retirees. At present, the average life expectancy of retirees in China is more than 25 years, but according to the current calculation method, it will be paid after 10 years. Therefore, this unreasonable method should be changed. According to the new basic pension calculation and payment method, the insured person will increase by one percentage point every year, which is conducive to the formation of an incentive and restraint mechanism of "more work and more pay", which is more in line with the actual situation of the average remaining life of retirees. ? Answer to the question: Why should individual accounts for endowment insurance be gradually realized? The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security said: First, it is an institutional model that is conducive to partial accumulation. The Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee decided that China's basic old-age insurance should combine social pooling with individual accounts, with the goal of realizing partial accumulation, that is, pooling funds for mutual assistance. Personal account funds are accumulated for employees' future pension. However, in practice, because there is no fund accumulation in the old-age insurance, there are more and more retirees. In order to ensure the current pension payment, we have to use the personal account fund that should have been reserved for accumulation. This is not conducive to the stable operation of the old-age insurance system, but also affects the timely and full payment of future pensions. To truly realize the system mode of partial accumulation, it is necessary to do a good job in personal accounts. Second, it is conducive to coping with the challenges of an aging population. In order to cope with the arrival of the peak of population aging, it is necessary to prepare the fund as soon as possible to bear the pressure of pension payment at the peak of aging. If we only rely on the current collection and financial subsidies, it will be difficult to sustain. Third, it is conducive to promoting labor mobility. Because the insured person's personal account is false, it affects the transfer of pension insurance relationship and restricts the normal flow of labor force. After the implementation of the personal account of the basic old-age insurance, the personal account fund is portable, and the insured can carry the implemented account with him when his job changes, which is beneficial to the flow of the insured. At present, the sustained and rapid development of China's national economy, the substantial increase in fiscal revenue, and the steady increase in the collection income of endowment insurance funds have created favorable conditions for making personal accounts. How much pension can we get when the New Deal comes out? According to the design of the new system, the retirement pension for employees is divided into two parts: one is the basic pension, and the monthly standard is 20% of the average monthly salary of employees in the previous year; Second, personal account pension, the standard is to pay the accumulated amount of personal account1120 every month. In addition, the state will also compensate the "middle population" through the way of excess pension, but the new policy is not clear about the formulation and payment standards of excess pension. The calculation formula of pension: "middle person" basic pension = basic pension+personal account pension+transitional pension. The specific algorithm is the average monthly salary of employees in the whole city × 20% one year before retirement (15% if the payment period is less than15 years)+personal account principal and interest and ÷ 120. For example, Mr. Wang, a resident of Beijing, is a "middle man", with an average monthly salary of 3,000 yuan and a pension insurance payment period of 10 years. After the scale of personal pension account is adjusted to 8% from 1 1% of my contribution salary, the monthly pension that Mr. Wang Can receives after retirement is = 3,000 yuan ×15%+3,000 yuan× 8 %×12×10. Among them, (3,000 yuan × 15%) is the basic pension; (3,000 yuan× 8 %×12×10 ÷120) is a personal account pension.

Interviewee: zsh502- Magician Level 41-1112: 08.

At present, endowment insurance is divided into social endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance. Everyone has introduced the social endowment insurance upstairs, so I won't repeat it in detail. Let's learn about commercial endowment insurance by comparison. Compared with social security, commercial endowment insurance has the following characteristics: 1, and the insurance amount is not affected by social wages and related bases. It is also possible to receive 1000 yuan every month after retirement, and it is also possible to receive 800 yuan every month after retirement. Buy as much as you want, without control; 2. Pension protection. Social security can only get a small part of the money when the insured person dies during the collection period, and most of the money will be used to help others as a whole. In other words, the longer you live, the more you get. On the contrary, the commercial pension insurance plan is collected 20 years after retirement. Even if he dies during the collection period, the remaining pension will continue to be collected by the children and will not be included in any overall planning. 3. The collection method is more flexible. You can choose a variety of collection methods, such as one-time collection, annual collection and monthly collection, which has greater flexibility; 4. The pay is very high. Social insurance premiums are partly paid by the unit and the government, and the amount paid by individuals is small, while the premiums of commercial insurance are all paid by individuals, and the government or unit does not provide subsidies, so the cost is high. It is suggested that social security should be improved first. If the economy is well-off, commercial insurance, as a supplement to social security, can provide more comprehensive protection for future pension planning.

Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.