What does it mean for a newcomer to ask for social security?

Social insurance is a social and economic system that provides income or compensation for those who lose their ability to work, are temporarily unemployed or suffer losses due to health reasons. The main items of social insurance include endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance.

The social insurance plan is organized by the government, forcing a certain group to use part of its income as social insurance tax (fee) to form a social insurance fund. Under certain conditions, the insured can get fixed income or loss compensation from the fund. It is a redistribution system, and its goal is to ensure the reproduction of material and labor and social stability.

In China, social insurance is an important part of the social security system, occupying a core position in the whole social security system. In addition, social insurance is a contributory social security. The funds are mainly paid by employers and workers themselves, and the government finances give subsidies and bear the ultimate responsibility. However, workers can only enjoy the corresponding social insurance benefits if they fulfill their statutory payment obligations and meet the statutory conditions.

Social insurance is the most important part of the social security system. Therefore, when discussing the history of social insurance, social insurance cannot be separated from social security.

Social insurance refers to the system that the state establishes a social insurance fund through legislation to give necessary material help to workers who participate in labor relations when they lose their ability to work or are unemployed. Social insurance is not for profit.

Social insurance is mainly through raising social insurance funds, coordinating and adjusting social insurance funds within a certain range, and giving necessary help to workers when they encounter labor risks. Social insurance provides basic living security for workers. Workers can enjoy social insurance benefits as long as they meet the conditions for enjoying social insurance, that is, they have established labor relations with employers or paid various social insurance premiums according to regulations. Social insurance is the core content of social security system.

trait

Features 1: the objective basis of social insurance is the risks existing in the labor field, and the object of insurance is the workers themselves;

Feature 2: The subject of social insurance is specific. Including workers (including their relatives) and employers;

Feature 3: Social insurance is compulsory;

Feature 4: the purpose of social insurance is to maintain the reproduction of labor force;

Feature 5: The insurance fund comes from the contributions and financial support of employers and workers. Insurance coverage is limited to employees, excluding other social members. The insurance coverage is limited to all kinds of risks in labor risks, excluding other risks such as property and economy.

function

1. The function of stabilizing social life

2. The function of redistribution

3. The function of promoting social and economic development: First, the social insurance system plays an important role as an important tool for demand management, thus playing an active role in the economy; Second, the effective use of social insurance funds can promote the sustained prosperity of the economy; Third, social security has become the basic condition for enterprises to recruit talents.

In reality, the more developed areas, the more employees pay attention to social security. Especially in first-tier cities, social security has become an important criterion for finding a job because it is linked to the qualification of buying a house and a car. Specifically, the functions of these five types of insurance are shown in the following table:? [4]?

insurance expenses

income

Calculation standard of social insurance premium

Social insurance must work out a certain proportion of the insured's burden according to the probability of various risk accidents and the total payment expenditure estimated in advance according to the payment standard as the standard for determining the insurance rate. Moreover, unlike commercial insurance, the calculation of social insurance rate needs to consider more social and economic factors besides risk factors in order to obtain a fair and reasonable rate.

Collection method of social insurance premium

1. proportional insurance system

This method is based on the wage income of the insured, and a certain proportion is stipulated to collect insurance premiums. Adopting the proportional system, the initial main purpose of social insurance is to compensate the income lost by the insured in risk accidents in order to maintain their minimum living. Therefore, we should refer to his usual income, on the one hand, as a standard to measure payment, on the other hand, as the basis for premium calculation.

The biggest drawback of the work-based proportional insurance system is that the burden of social insurance is directly related to wages. Whether employers and employees bear social insurance premiums or one of them bears social insurance premiums, the burden of social insurance is manifested in the increase of labor costs, which will lead to capital crowding out labor, which will lead to an increase in unemployment.

2. Equal insurance premium system

That is, regardless of the income of the insured or his employer, the insurance premium of the same amount should be charged. The advantages of this system are simple calculation and easy to be universally realized. Moreover, in countries that collect insurance premiums in this way, the payment system is generally divided equally, which has the significance of equal income and expenditure. But its defect is that low-income people and high-income people pay the same premium, which is obviously unfair in terms of affordability.

share

The sharing subjects of social insurance premiums are countries, enterprises and individuals. The different combinations of these three subjects have produced many ways of sharing expenses. Even in the same country, different social insurance projects may adopt different insurance cost sharing methods, in which employers and employees pay the fees, and the government bears the ultimate responsibility.

way

In the method of sharing insurance costs between employers and employees, several situations can be subdivided:

1. Equal rate sharing system

2. Rate differential sharing system

3. Proportional progressiveness

How to calculate the premium?

Payment amount = payment base * payment proportion.

1, social security payment base

The payment base of social security refers to the wage base used by enterprises or employees to calculate and pay social insurance premiums. This base multiplied by the prescribed rate is the amount of social insurance premiums that enterprises or individuals should pay.

Local social security payment bases are linked to local average wage data. It is determined according to the average monthly wage income of employees from June 1 day to February 1 day in the previous year. Once a year, it will not change within one year after confirmation. The time to apply for adjusting the social security base is generally in July.

Enterprises generally take the total wages of enterprise employees as the payment base, and individual employees take half of their average monthly salary in the previous year as the salary base for individuals to pay social insurance premiums. In China, the payment base is approved by the social insurance agency according to the employer's declaration.

2. Payment ratio

Payment ratio, that is, the collection rate of social insurance premiums. China's "Social Insurance Law" does not make specific and clear provisions on the collection rate of social insurance. According to China's current social insurance policy, we implement different collection ratios for different types of social insurance.