The emergence and development history of old-age insurance

Continental China's social security system

Framework: 1. The development history of the social security system in mainland China and its characteristics 2. the social security model in mainland China 3. the current problems of the social security system in mainland China and its countermeasures 4. the views of the panellists and the revelation

I. The development history of the social security system in mainland China and its characteristics

Stage 1: Creation and Adjustment Stage Stage 2: Stagnation Stage Stage 3: Recovery and Development Stage

Creation and Adjustment Stage:

Time; from the early days of the founding of the new China to 1966Contents: two main bodies, three supplements

The two main bodies:

1) Labor insurance for enterprise workers, and 2) Social security for state organs and institutions

The three supplements: one main body, one supplementary body, and two supplementary bodies.

Three supplements:

1, collective security for rural communities 2, social relief 3, preferential treatment and pensions for revolutionary soldiers

Stagnation stage:

Time: 1966-1978

Contents:

1, organizations and organs at all levels were abolished 2, various systems were negated and Abolished, social work could not be relied upon

3. Social security became enterprise insurance

Restoration and development stage

Time: 1978 to the present

Contents;

Starting to restore the state-unit security system (refers to the planned economy era, built on the "unit system" of "low wages and high wages"). The social security system of "low wages and high benefits" was established in the planned economy. Employees, as unit members, had all of their expenses covered by the treasury and enterprises, and did not have to pay any personal expenses).

Formally entering the transition from the state-unit security system to the state-social security system (the current social security system), completing the historical mission of reforming the services of state-owned enterprises.

Becoming the main pillar of the market economy, the state-unit security system and the state-social security system coexisted

II. The social security model of mainland China

--China's current stage is a society with a dual economic structure, which is manifested in the urban-rural dichotomy, and in the traditional agricultural mode of production and the modern industrial mode of production The prerequisite for the implementation of this goal is the soundness and perfection of the legal system of social security. The integration of urban and rural social security is the development direction of China's social security legal system.

The social security model in China's cities and towns

City and town social security has gradually formed a plurality of actors, with the individual as the foundation, the unit bearing the responsibility for paying contributions, society bearing the responsibility for supplementing and guaranteeing services, and the government regulating and organizing social security. Through the establishment of a multi-channel financing method, it constitutes a multi-level social security system of statutory basic insurance, enterprise's supplementary insurance, mutual insurance and personal savings insurance. On this basis, it is gradually developing in the direction of socializing and integrating social security.

Models of social security in rural areas

The Chinese government has implemented two social security measures in rural areas, namely cooperative medical care and social pension insurance. The rural cooperative medical system was gradually developed with the rise of the agricultural mutual assistance and cooperative movement, while social old-age insurance has gradually gained the attention of the relevant government departments. At the present stage, the forms of old-age care in rural areas of China, depending on the main body acting as the caregiver, are mainly family old-age care, community old-age care and social old-age care. It can be seen that most of the social security models in rural areas are supported by the state and enterprises, and try to protect the basic living standard of rural villagers.

Problems of China's current social security system

1, the system is not uniform (in accordance with the spirit of the Constitution and the principle of social security, any member of the community enjoys the right to social security, but the current social security system of the different programs in different members of the community in the system arrangements differ greatly, some members of the community to enjoy a higher level of social security, while the other part of the community can only enjoy the right to social security, while the other part of the community can only enjoy the right to social security. Some members of society enjoy a higher level of social security, while others can only enjoy a lower level of social security, or there is a large difference in their security treatment. Such differences are mainly found between urban and rural areas, and between institutions and enterprises and other workers. Between urban and rural areas, under the current social security system, urban workers generally enjoy more complete socialized risk protection services provided by the Government, while rural areas do not have as much protection; they lack socialized maternity protection, employment protection, occupational injury protection, housing protection and so on. The cooperative medical care system introduced in the past few years has a very low level of protection, and the actual coverage and protection benefits of social pension insurance are also very low. There are also great differences in social security entitlements among State organs, institutions, enterprises and other workers. Old-age security, the state organs and institutions of the retirees of the pension is generally more than twice as much as the pension of retired workers in enterprises while in the vast rural areas, the level of protection and support gap is even greater.)

This is good with a little streamlining!

2, small coverage (the right to social security is the basic rights and interests of workers in modern society sound social security system should cover all citizens, that is to say, the social security system does not have exclusivity. Although the coverage of the five insurance is basically comprehensive, can be said to be "should be insured as much as possible," but there are still a large number of workers' social security rights and interests have not yet been realized. From a national perspective, China's current social security funds are collected mainly from state-owned and urban collective enterprises and their employees. But there is still a part of the population that has a very low participation rate, and they are the employees of private enterprises and self-employed businessmen, as well as self-employed laborers, flexibly employed people, and foreign migrant workers. The reasons for this are mainly that the system is not reasonably designed, and the current social security system is mainly adapted to state-owned enterprises, and secondly, the government's lack of awareness and insufficient enforcement of social insurance.)

3, the hidden danger of fund management (in recent years, with the continuous strengthening of fund management, the administrative aspects of the risk has been reduced, but the social insurance fund still exists in the management of the main body of the unknown, a single channel of investment, inefficiency and other problems. Under the premise of inflation, there is the possibility of depreciation, and in the long run, the fund's ability to increase its value and its ability to pay is also a cause for concern. China's social security fund lacks a clear investment and operation management body. At this stage in China, the social security fund in most provinces and cities is managed at the county level, and the fund balance basically just exists in the bank. China's social security fund in the investment and operation of a single channel under the premise of security is guaranteed, but in the market economy is difficult to avoid the risk of inflation, there is the possibility of depreciation, most of the provinces and cities of China's pension insurance co-ordinated account and personal account are used in the mixed management mode, personal account is largely made up for the co-ordinated account in the payout of the lack of pensions, and the co-ordinated account and the deposit of the bank, did not play its proper role as a fund. The individual accounts are largely used to make up for the shortcomings of the integrated account in paying pensions and are deposited in the bank together with the integrated account, thus failing to play their proper role as a fund. This model will certainly affect the investment and operation efficiency of the pension fund, and will also lead to the difficulty of raising the top level of the pension fund).

4, social security legal system is not strong (social security legislation is not sound; social security laws and regulations of the low level of legislation; social security legal supervision is weak)

5, social security socialized services develop slowly

Countermeasures

1, to expand the scope of coverage of social insurance (one of the symbols of the soundness of the social insurance system. Is to see whether it should cover all the insurance objects covered. From the perspective of China's industrialization, urbanization and the goal of comprehensively building a moderately prosperous society, the expansion of social insurance should be divided into three steps: the first step is to include the people who have already achieved industrialization and urbanization, i.e., the urban workers in the system now; the second step is to include the people who are in the process of industrialization and urbanization, including the migrant workers who are employed in the city, residents of urban and rural areas who will soon be converted to non-farming status, and employees of township and village enterprises and various types of income relatively stable employees of small and medium-sized enterprises; the third step is to include farmers engaged in cultivation. The third step is to incorporate farmers engaged in cultivation. And it should be easy first and then difficult, and progress should be made step by step. At the same time, farmers should be included in the social security system as early as possible.)

2, to further promote the integration of the system (China's current social medical security system consists of employees' medical insurance, urban bureau of medical insurance, the new rural cooperative and medical assistance, that is, "three insurance and one assistance", the new rural cooperative and urban medical insurance system is completely different in nature, so it should be in accordance with the trend of urbanization and the development of the social health care system, according to the principles of fairness, sustainability and optimal allocation of resources of the social security system, actively promote the integration of the two systems and gradually realize the unity of the social security system).

3. Strengthening the financing mechanism for social insurance (Establishing a reliable and stable financing mechanism is the key to improving the social security system. On the one hand, it is necessary to continue to expand the coverage of social security fund collection and improve the fund collection rate; on the other hand, it is necessary to adjust the balance of fiscal expenditure and endeavor to increase the proportion of social security expenditure. At the same time, effective measures should be taken to replenish the social security fund, including the issuance of long-term social security bonds and the realization of some state-owned assets).

4, strengthen the social security legal system (should be strengthened as soon as possible in China's social security legal system to regulate and manage social security work according to law, and improve the basic social security supervision and management mechanism. Social security fund collection is a very strong policy work. In order to ensure that the collection of social security funds in a timely manner and in full, there must be a set of strictly standardized collection and management system and strong measures as a guarantee. At present, the phenomenon of negotiation, delayed payment and refusal to pay social security contributions often occurs in the collection of social security contributions because the social security laws are not sound enough. The fundamental measure to end these problems is to implement tax reform and improve the legal construction of social insurance as soon as possible. At the same time, we should actively use electronic technology to set up a unified social security technical support system covering the whole country and modernize its management.)

The panel's views and inspiration

1. Give full play to the "shock absorption" and "stabilizing" functions of the "social security system"

2. The disadvantaged and the poor

3. The social security system should also be fair and just

4. The establishment of a linkage mechanism between social security and commercial insurance

5.

1. Give full play to the social security system's function of "shock absorption" and "stabilization"

The current social security system in mainland China is characterized by a lack of legislation, a lack of social services, and a lack of social services. At present, the social security system in mainland China is plagued by problems such as a lack of legislation, slow development of socialized services, limited coverage, low level of coordination, and inadequate financing and management of funds. The social security system plays a pivotal role in modern society. Reforming and improving the current social security management system, accelerating the construction of social insurance systems, raising the level of social insurance coordination, and developing community-based social security services can give full play to the role of social security in social life. Can give full play to social security in social life as a "stabilizer", the economic operation of the "shock absorber", to achieve social justice "regulator" role.

2. Emphasis on vulnerable groups and the poor

Focus on vulnerable groups, to promote the construction of social security system in rural areas with the concept of fairness, and advocate that at least in urban and rural areas of the poor people's relief system should be unified.

3, "social security system" should also implement fairness and justice

Guaranteeing fairness and justice, a decisive factor is to deal with the distribution of the field of relations and contradictions.

A social security system covering both urban and rural residents should be gradually established, with social insurance, social assistance, social welfare and charitable organizations linking up. It is necessary to improve the basic pension insurance system for enterprise workers, accelerate the reform of the pension insurance system for institutions, speed up the establishment of a social security system adapted to the characteristics of rural migrant workers, and gradually set up a minimum subsistence guarantee system and a pension insurance system for rural areas. Basic medical insurance for urban workers should be improved, and a new type of rural cooperative medical care should be accelerated. It will strengthen the provision of assistance to the needy and develop social welfare that focuses on helping the elderly, the disabled, orphans and the needy. Attention is being paid to the important role of commercial insurance in sounding the social security system, and charity is being actively developed. All members of society are guaranteed to share in the fruits of reform and development.

4, "social security" and "commercial insurance" to establish a linkage mechanism

Commercial insurance has economic compensation, capital financing and social management functions, is a basic means of risk management in a market economy, but also an important part of the social security system. It is also an important part of the social security system. With the deepening and advancement of reform, the pattern of social interests is constantly adjusted, the traditional mode of social management is in urgent need of transformation, it is necessary for the government to introduce the commercial insurance mechanism to participate in social management, improve the construction and innovation of social security mechanism

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