The Second Anniversary of Wenchuan Earthquake

Wen (wèn) Chuan County is located in the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin, southeast of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, bordering Pengzhou and Dujiangyan in the east, chongzhou city and Dayi in the south, Baoxing and Xiaojin in the west, and Lixian and Maoxian in the northwest and northeast respectively. The county is 84 kilometers wide from east to west and 105 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 8,820 square kilometers and a forest coverage rate of 48. Weizhou Town, the county seat, is located at the intersection of Minjiang River and Zagunao River in the north of the county seat, with an altitude of 1.325m, surrounded by many mountains such as Chaping Mountain and Qionglai Mountain, 46km away from Chengdu, the provincial capital, and 246km away from Marcand, the state capital. National highways 265, 438+03, 365 and 438+07 pass through the city.

1963 Since the restoration of the county, the county has governed 6 towns and 8 townships, with a total population of11788, including 40057 non-agricultural people. The population of the Qiang nationality is 29,839, accounting for 26.69% of the total population, and it is one of the four counties where the Qiang nationality lives in concentrated communities in China. The Minjiang River runs through the west of the county seat, with a total length of 88 kilometers, mainly including Zagunao, Yuzixi, Caopo and other rivers, with a drainage area of 1.429 square kilometers. The county is rich in hydropower resources, with theoretical reserves of 3.48 million kilowatts and exploitable capacity of 1.7 million kilowatts. Now it has been developed 1 10,000 kilowatts, with great development potential.

Rich in mineral resources, rich in animal and plant resources and unique in tourism resources, there are natural landscapes such as Wolong Nature Reserve and Sanjiang Eco-tourism Scenic Area, as well as cultural landscape resources such as Yu, Qiang culture and Three Kingdoms cultural sites. Wenchuan County is not only "the hometown of China folk arts-the hometown of Qiang embroidery", but also the hometown of living animal fossils-the giant panda. Wolong, the world's leading giant panda research center, is located in the southwest of the county. Wenchuan is the southern gate of Aba Prefecture and the "industrial economic corridor" of Aba Prefecture.

By the end of 2002, the gross domestic product reached125.852 billion yuan, the total agricultural output reached16.543 billion yuan, the total grain output reached16,426 tons, and the per capita net income of farmers was 1 678 yuan. The adjustment of agricultural industrial structure was further intensified. Established 1500 mu eco-agricultural science and technology demonstration park base and two 500 mu pollution-free pesticide IPM demonstration parks. Registered and activated two trademarks of "Xiqiang Brand" and "Minjiang Brand" and five green signs of vegetables and fruits, and was listed as a production and construction base of pollution-free vegetables and dried fruits by the National Green Food Center. The construction of the three major forestry projects is progressing smoothly, with 9403.9 hectares closed for afforestation, 8 13.4 hectares for aerial afforestation and 3723438+0 hectares for artificial afforestation. Completed 32,800 mu of ecological forest and 0.42 million mu of economic forest; Desertification control area 146055400 hectares. The industrial economy has developed rapidly and remarkable results have been achieved in attracting investment. Xuankou and Yingxiu have formed an industrial economic corridor and a water mill industrial economic park, and Guan Tao Industrial Economic Park is under construction. There are 6 investment-attracting enterprises with large scale, good benefits and assets of tens of millions of yuan, including Pandar Industrial Silicon Factory and Yuefa Smelting Co., Ltd.; The power industry is a sudden emergence. At present, more than 40 power stations at all levels have been built and put into operation, with an installed capacity of more than 1 10,000 kilowatts. 1 At the beginning of 986,1was named as one of the first five "primary rural electrification counties" in China. Tourism resources have been further developed, and scenic spots such as Sanjiang Eco-tourism Zone, the first village of Xiqiang, the ancient cultural site of Jiangjun City and Luobuzhai Folk Village have been developed. Remarkable achievements have been made in traffic construction. A transportation network extending in all directions with 2 13 and 3 17 national highways as the main line, county, township and village highways as the branch lines, asphalt roads leading to townships and tractor roads leading to villages has been built. Posts and telecommunications have developed vigorously, and the coverage rate of mobile and Unicom communication networks has reached more than 85%. PHS communication has been opened in county towns and major market towns, realizing program-controlled communication exchange and digital transmission. Urban construction changes with each passing day. The urban area of Weizhou County has reached 3.53 square kilometers, and a modern city has begun to take shape. It has gradually formed a transportation distribution center and an educational and scientific research base in Aba Prefecture. "Surrounded by mountains, three mountains compete for beauty, two rivers compete for water, and one city crosses the river to build a new building" is an accurate description of Weizhou today.

Cultural and educational undertakings have developed rapidly. There are 6 universities in the county, including aba normal university, Aba Finance and Trade School and Aba Radio and TV University, 4 national technical schools in hydropower, agricultural machinery, transportation and animal husbandry, 3 scientific research institutes in agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry, and 9 junior and senior high schools. Weizhou Middle School, which is listed as a provincial key middle school, constantly innovates teaching methods and improves the quality of education rapidly. Walking at the forefront of Quanzhou education, it has trained a large number of outstanding talents for universities inside and outside the province.

physical geography

Wenchuan County, located in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, is one of the four Qiang-inhabited counties in China. The map coordinates are between 30 45 ′ ~ 365 438+0 43 ′ north latitude and 65 438+002 565 438+0 ′ ~ 65 438+003 44 ′ east longitude, with a width of 84km from east to west and a length of105km from north to south. The county covers an area of 8820 square kilometers; The population is110118 (2000). The main ethnic groups are Han, Qiang, Tibetan and Hui. It is adjacent to county-level administrative regions, Pengzhou and Dujiangyan in the east, Chongzhou and Dayi in the south, Baoxing and Xiaojin in the west, and Lixian and Maoxian in the northwest and northeast respectively. There is Wolong Nature Reserve in the territory, which is the main research and breeding place of giant pandas, and Siguniang Mountain is the main tourist attraction. County governs Weizhou Town.

Wenchuan is located in the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin, and Longmen Mountain and Qionglai Mountain are located in the northeast and southwest of the county respectively. Minjiang River and its tributaries Zagunao River, Caopo River and Shoujiang River are the main rivers in China.

Wenchuan is named after Xiwenshui (now Minjiang) County, Mianxian County in the Western Han Dynasty and Wenshan County in the Western Jin Dynasty, and is under the jurisdiction of Wenshan County. It was named Wenchuan County in the Northern Zhou Dynasty with a history of 1400 years. 1952, counties moved from Mianji to Weizhou; 1958 Maoxian County, Wenchuan County and Lixian County merged to form Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous County; Wenchuan county began to recover from 1962.

On June 5th, 2007,65438+February 5th, 2007, Wenchuan County was awarded the honorary title of 2007 National Advanced County in Cultural Relics Work by the Ministry of Culture of People's Republic of China (PRC) and National Cultural Heritage Administration.

plant resources

There are many mountains in Wenchuan county, and the relative height difference is very wide. Light and precipitation conditions vary with altitude, which also affects the distribution of forest and vegetation community types and the formation of plant zones. The plant resources here are very rich, with a wide variety, complete families and genera, with more than 4 000 species of1* * *. There is a unique wild Davidia involucrata forest in China, and there are more than 20 kinds of rare trees under special state protection, such as Pistacia grosvenorii, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Bole. There are also many famous ancient trees and "national fragrance" orchids, which make people gain rich artistic conception and diverse aesthetic feelings in many aspects such as exotic beauty, elegant beauty and simple beauty. As far as forest vegetation is concerned, special forests and shrubs account for 82.85% of the forest vegetation area, while sparse woodland, uncultivated woodland and regeneration land only account for 17. 15%, which shows the richness of forest resources. There are abundant tourism, natural and human landscape resources, and the "Sanjiang Eco-tourism Zone" has begun to take shape. Today, when "rejuvenating the country through science and education" is advocated, it provides the broadest "natural teaching laboratory" for improving people's spiritual civilization quality, popularizing science and education knowledge, studying the influence of environmental changes on human beings and grasping the future.

Animal resources

Wenchuan county is rich in animal resources. According to the collected specimens, there are more than 700 species of insects in more than 20 orders, including 482 species of COLEOPTERA in 33 families. There are 6 species of fish, 9 species of amphibians, 208 species of birds and 96 species of mammals. Among these animals, there are not only southern animals such as macaques, clouded leopards, water deer and civets, but also plateau and northern animals such as wildebeest, lynx, Ma Xiong, white-lipped deer and white-eared pheasant. Among them, there are four kinds of national first-class protected rare animals, such as giant panda and golden monkey. There are red pandas, snow leopards, red-bellied pheasants, etc. 17 species under secondary protection; There are 8 species of forest musk deer and golden eagle protected in the third category; There are 29 kinds in all. Pheasant is one of the main characteristics of Wolong animals. Among 56 species in China, Wolong accounts for 1 1 species, and most of them are protected by the state.

mineral resources

Wenchuan county has complex geological structure, complete strata development, extensive distribution of magmatic rocks and rich mineral resources, especially various non-metallic minerals.

travel

Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture has obvious geographical advantages, only 70 kilometers away from Chengdu, and is known as the south gate of Aba Prefecture. It is not only one of the only four counties where Qiang people live in concentrated communities in China, but also the hometown of Qiang embroidery, the hometown of living animals, the hometown of giant pandas and Wolong, the world's leading research center for giant pandas. The county's hydropower resources reserves reach 3.48 million kilowatts, which is an important energy supply place in the western Sichuan Plain.

In recent years, the county party committee and government have seized the opportunity of being close to the central city of the province, the construction of Duwen Expressway, the construction of Zipingpu Water Control Project, and the creation of the Nine-Ring Thousand-Li Civilization Corridor, adjusted their development ideas in time, made great efforts to promote the leap-forward development of Wenchuan, and made efforts to build Wenchuan into the first demonstration county in China and the "pearl" in the upper reaches of Minjiang River.

Entering Wenchuan, an ecological paradise is presented to the world! The nearest "natural oxygen bar" to the city! The most suitable tourist destination for urbanites! The climate here is mild, with no cold in winter and no heat in summer; The travel comfort period here is very long, and the daily comfort time in summer is 23 ~ 24 hours; The quality of living environment here is extremely high, the atmospheric environmental quality is national level, and the air pollution index is 25, which is1/5 of the city; The environmental quality of surface water is at the national level, and it is rich in minerals and vitamins. Taking Sanjiang, Caopo, Wolong and other ecological scenic spots as examples, the daily oxygen release is 1.500 tons, and the negative ion content in the air reaches/.500 per cubic centimeter, which is 1.000 times higher than that in some metropolises, and the bacterial content in the air is 1.000 times lower than that in some metropolises.

When you enter Wenchuan, you will enjoy the unique short-distance characteristic tourism and urban holiday and leisure tourism that integrates nature, ecology and Tibetan and Qiang folk customs. You can trace back to the oldest Qiang culture in the world, the gorgeous Qiang embroidery; Appreciate the Qiangzhai, Diaofang and Qionglong, which have been preserved for thousands of years, still standing under the snow-capped mountains, and Mika, who is known as the pioneer of bridges in the world, is still over the canyon.

Into Wenchuan, rock climbing, drifting, gliding, scientific exploration, camping, survival challenges, orienteering, track sliding, Qiang people's zip line, sunbathing, Tibetan and Qiang parties, Xiqiang medicinal steaming, etc. , can not only cultivate body and mind, but also keep fit.

Entering Wenchuan, we can read all the spring scenery in the world: countless giant trees with a diameter of several meters constitute a unique forest. Rhododendron, Phoebe bournei, Davidia involucrata, lotus fragrance, osmanthus fragrans and orchids form Xianghai, Luxiang and Xiangshan, especially dozens of rhododendrons that bloom in turn from spring to winter, which are beautiful. Summer is the best season to watch dove flowers, and it is also the only place in the world where you can see such spectacular scenery. Since April, the flowers have changed from light green to milky white and brown, and the mountain wind is blowing, and all the flowers are moving together, as if spreading their wings to the dove; In autumn, when you look around, the mountains are all red and the forests are all dyed; Winter, rime, ice hanging and waterfalls are the spirits of snow, while Saussurea involucrata and wintersweet are the angels of snow.

Entering Wenchuan, various bases supported by ecology come into view: the county has built more than 3,000 mu of high-quality tea base in Shuimo Town, Sanjiang Township 1 10,000 mu of kiwifruit base and 2,000 mu of "Kuding Tea" base in Xuan Ying; An "agricultural ecological science and technology demonstration park" covering an area of 1.500 mu will be built in Bowa Mountain of Weizhou Town, and an "economic ecological demonstration park" covering an area of 3,000 mu will be built in Sanguan Temple of Mianzhen Town. Cook Township also has high-standard characteristic agricultural bases such as Qipinggou Loquat Garden and Lizao Garden. And registered and activated two trademarks of "Xiqiang Brand" and "Minjiang Brand" and five green signs of vegetables and fruits, and was listed as a production and construction base of pollution-free vegetables and dried fruits by the National Green Food Center; The county has developed more than 30 varieties of commercial vegetables, with a planting area of more than 30,000 mu, 7,000 mu of high-quality tea, 8,000 mu of sweet cherries, 3,000 mu of loquat and 4,000 mu of small fruits. In three years, the county will build four bases, namely, 10,000 mu of high-quality sweet cherry, 10,000 mu of high-quality loquat, 10,000 mu of kiwifruit and sweet persimmon, and 10,000 mu of high-quality tea.

Jionglan Tower is located on the embankment platform at the intersection of Minjiang River and Xi Shou River after Xuankou Town Government in Wenchuan County. The tower is a nine-level brick tower with dense eaves and sits in the southeast and northwest. The plane of tower foundation and tower body is square, and the surface is plastered with white mortar. The tower foundation is slightly retracted from top to bottom. The bottom is 2.6 meters long and 6.5 meters high, with an arched door in the southwest, 2.4 meters high and 0.80 meters wide.

The tower has nine dense eaves and gradually closes from bottom to top. The eaves of each tower are made of bricks, and the height of each floor decreases from bottom to top. There is a small arched window in the middle of each floor and a hexagonal conical roof at the top. Datong height is 2 1 meter. On the inner wall of the first floor of the tower, there is "Yao Chuidian's desert training letter damaged building, which is worthy of admiration and is the work of Xie Yinchang." Inscription of the 24th year of Qing Daoguang (1844). "Guanxian Zhi" also contains "Yao Qinglan's architecture in the city" Jionglan Tower. Jionglan Tower is a Feng Shui Tower, which is one of the eight scenic spots in Xuankou Town. State-level cultural relics protection units.

Qipangou is located in the south of Wenchuan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, about 7 kilometers away from the county seat. The length of the ditch is about 30 kilometers, the elevation of the mouth of the ditch is 1500 meters, the Bailongchi at the top of the ditch is 4020 meters, the width of the ditch is more than 300 meters, and the narrow part is only about 1 meter. There is abundant rainfall and dense vegetation in the ditch, which is a mountain scenic spot with natural scenery as the mainstay.

The whole ditch landscape can be divided into upper and lower sections. The upper section, from Bailongchi to Xuehuaping, is about 6 kilometers long and has a steep slope, ranging from 4020 meters to 34 18 meters. This section belongs to the typical "Guan Peng Zagu" fault zone, with steep slopes and numerous peaks. Bailongchi is an alpine dammed lake shaped like a gourd, with clear water. It falls from the water outlet to form multi-level waterfalls, including more than 50 meters waterfalls 10. The lower section is from Xuehuaping to Goukou Town Goushi. The water potential is slow and changeable, and it runs among the bamboo forests in Maolin, with a total length of about 15km. Flat and open terrain, towering peaks on both sides, wild flowers everywhere, green grass. Xuehuaping Waterfall is the most spectacular.

The climate here is mild and the vegetation is rich. From the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, it can be roughly divided into five vertically distributed plant zones: subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone, warm temperate mixed coniferous forest zone, cold temperate dark coniferous forest zone, subalpine and subalpine shrub meadow zone and alpine meadow zone. There are many kinds of plants and abundant animal resources.

Wolong Nature Reserve is located in the southwest of Wenchuan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, on the southeast slope of Qionglai Mountains, 30 kilometers away from Chengdu/Kloc-0, the capital of Sichuan Province, with convenient transportation. The nature reserve was founded in 1963, covering an area of 200,000 hectares. It is one of the earliest comprehensive national nature reserves established in China, and it is also the "popular science education base" and "patriotism education base" named by the state and Sichuan Province. The reserve has a population of 5,343, of which 4,550 are agricultural.

1980 the reserve joined the UNESCO "Man and Biosphere" protected area network and cooperated with the World Wildlife Fund to establish the China Giant Panda Conservation and Research Center. In March, with the approval of the State Council, 1983, Wolong and Gengda Commune in Wenchuan County of Wolong Nature Reserve were designated as Wolong Special Administrative Region in Wenchuan County, and the dual leadership system was implemented by the Ministry of Forestry. In July of the same year, the provincial government and the former Ministry of Forestry jointly made a decision to change the Wolong Special Administrative Region in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province into the Wolong Special Administrative Region in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, and the comprehensive management system was co-located with the Wolong Nature Reserve Administration.

Wolong Nature Reserve is famous at home and abroad for its "hometown of pandas", "gene bank of precious organisms" and "natural zoological and botanical garden", and is rich in animal and plant resources and mineral resources. There are more than 0/00 giant pandas in this area, accounting for 10% of the national total. There are 56 species of other rare and endangered animals, such as golden monkey and takin, which are listed in the national key protection, including wild animals 12 species and 44 species of second-class protected animals. According to statistics, there are 450 species of other animals in the area, including mammals 103, birds 283, amphibians 2 1 species, reptiles 25, and fish 18. There are about 1 700 species of insects. According to the collected plant specimens, there are nearly 4,000 species of plants in this area. There are 65438 0989 species of higher plants, including 20 gymnosperms and 65438 0604 angiosperms. There are 24 species of rare and endangered plants under state protection, including Davidia involucrata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum and Pistacia aquatica, 9 species of second-class protected plants and 13 species of third-class protected plants. There are also abundant hydropower reserves in the reserve.

Wolong Nature Reserve has unique geographical conditions, complex landform types, beautiful scenery, diverse landscapes and pleasant climate. It integrates mountains, water, forests, caves, dangers, delicacies, wonders and beauty, and has a strong Tibetan and Qiang national culture. There are large-scale national protected animal breeding grounds such as giant panda, red panda and golden monkey in the area; There is the world-famous "Wuyi shed" giant panda field observation station; There is the Giant Panda Museum, which is a museum built by a single biological species in China so far.

Over the years, Wolong Nature Reserve has adhered to the principle of combining protection with rational utilization around the goal of building a first-class national nature reserve, and actively carried out protection, scientific research and community building, effectively protecting wildlife resources and alpine ecosystems dominated by giant pandas. Since its establishment, China Research Center for the Protection of Giant Pandas has successfully overcome three difficulties in artificial breeding of captive giant pandas, namely, difficulty in estrus, difficulty in mating and conception, and difficulty in survival of young. After artificial breeding, 48 pandas, 72 cubs and 59 cubs have survived, and the survival rate of cubs has reached 100% for five consecutive years. The total number of giant pandas in captivity has reached more than 80, accounting for 60% of the world's captive population. At the same time, it has also cultivated and brought up one of the most dynamic giant panda research teams in the world. He has published 8 academic monographs and more than 200 scientific research papers. Among them, 4 people won the Ministry and Provincial Science and Technology Achievement Award, and 5 people won the Excellent Science and Technology Paper Award. Panda adoption activities have been carried out all over the world, and nature reserves have actively sought foreign cooperation and established a cooperative development mechanism. At present, the region's economy has been effectively developed and people's living standards have been significantly improved. In 2004, the per capita income of the whole region reached 2074.39 yuan, an increase of 234.38+0 yuan over 2003. Infrastructure construction has been fundamentally improved, and the construction and development of protected areas have entered a virtuous circle in line with China's national conditions.

Wolong Nature Reserve was founded in 1963, covering an area of 200,000 hectares. It is a nature reserve that mainly protects rare wild animals and plants such as giant pandas and alpine forest ecosystems. Protected areas joined the UNESCO "Man and Biosphere" protected area network from 65438 to 0980, and were listed in the World Natural Heritage List in 2006. 1983, with the approval of the State Council, the Wolong Special Administrative Region was established in Wenchuan, Sichuan, with a township and a town under its jurisdiction and more than 4,500 farmers. The reserve is directly under the State Forestry Administration, and the special zone is under the Sichuan provincial government, and the Ministry and the province entrust the provincial forestry department to take care of it. Special zones and protected areas implement the management system of "two brands, one team and one office".

Wolong is located in the high mountain valley area where Sichuan Basin is in transition to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This area has unique natural conditions, complex landform types, beautiful scenery and pleasant climate, and is extremely rich in wildlife resources. It enjoys the reputation of "Home of Pandas", "Broad-spectrum Gene Bank of Precious Organisms" and "Natural Animal and Plant Park", with 8 1 species of rare and endangered plants and 43 wild giant pandas under special state protection. Wolong is a "national popular science education base" and a "patriotic education base" named by the Sichuan provincial government. It is a "national nature reserve demonstration unit" of the State Forestry Administration. June, 5438+October, 2006 10 was awarded the title of "National Advanced Collective in Nature Reserve Management" by the State Environmental Protection Administration, the State Forestry Administration and the Ministry of Agriculture, and was also awarded the title of "China's most desirable tourist resort" and "China's most desirable home for giant pandas" by the China Tourism and Television Association.

The main attractions are Giant Panda Garden, China Wolong Giant Panda Museum, Panda Valley, Zhenghe, Dengsheng Primitive Forest, Balangshan Alpine Meadow and other attractions.

On May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan, causing heavy casualties. At the same time, Wolong Nature Reserve in the southwest of Wenchuan County was also hit hard, and more than 60 giant pandas lost their beautiful homes. Because their homes were destroyed and food (mainly bamboo) was scarce, these giant pandas had to be moved to a safe place. In the process of rescuing giant pandas, the staff of Wolong Nature Reserve rescued these pandas as quickly as possible, regardless of their personal safety. Unfortunately, the whereabouts of the two pandas are still unknown.