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Section 1 The concept and meaning of social security. The concept of social security 1. Generally speaking, social security refers to the sum of various projects set up by the state through legislative and administrative means to ensure the basic economic life safety of social members. 2. The foreign understanding of the definition of social security varies with the national conditions of different countries in the world, and the understanding of this concept itself has a development process; Western European welfare countries understand social security as a public welfare plan that everyone can enjoy. More countries think that social security is a social safety net, which provides basic living security for members in need, especially workers and their families. 3. China's understanding of the definition of social security Social security is a social security system that provides material help to members of society who have lost their ability to work or encounter obstacles in their lives due to old age, illness, unemployment, disability, maternity, death, disasters, etc., and guarantees their basic livelihood. Second, the meaning of the concept of social security We should comprehensively, accurately and scientifically summarize the concept of social security, at least from the following aspects: 1. The main responsibility of social security is the state and society: to compensate the weakened family security function and solve specific social problems to stabilize society. 2. The goal of social security is to meet people's basic needs: first, it is based on safeguarding people's right to exist; Second, it is restricted by the level of economic development; 3. Social security is for all social members: as long as social members meet the conditions of social security, they should be the objects of social security without exception. 4. The guarantee and basis for the implementation of the social security system is laws and regulations: that is, the state determines the scope of social security, sources of funds, payment standards and other basic contents in the form of legislation or administrative regulations, and takes corresponding measures to ensure its realization. Laws and administrative regulations have different legal effects. There are two kinds of laws: formal social security laws and regulations and substantive social security laws and regulations. In the concrete operation, "the minor law must obey the major law". Three. Scope and object of social security 1. According to the definition of social security, the general object of social security should be all members of society. However, due to the different national conditions, the principles of realizing social security are different, and the objects of social security are also different. 2. Specific coverage: It depends on the principles and national conditions of each country. Countries that realize the principle of universality: the object of protection is all members of society; Countries that realize the principle of particularity: the protected objects are selective and are part of the society; The scope of social security in China: Many projects are only aimed at urban wage earners, and the rural social security system is still under construction, which is determined by the dual social and economic structure in China. Farmers in most areas are family security. But if you go to work in the city, it should be guaranteed; Development trend: With the improvement of safety content, it will continue to expand. But when to expand to a wider field depends on the economic development and affordability of each country. Focus of this section: 1, general concept of social security 2, meaning of social security multiple-choice questions: 1. What kind of life needs does the social security system aim to meet? (single choice) A. Well-off life needs B. Basic life needs C. Rich life needs D. Modern life needs 2. What is the basis for the implementation of the social security system? (single choice) A. Social legislation B. C. True of consciousness of enterprises and individuals or falsehood of ideological education: 1, social security is not a mistake of social security system (1), but social security is a social security system. (2) because the goal of social security is to protect people's basic needs, so that members of society will not fall into poverty because of old age, illness, unemployment, disability, childbirth, death, disasters and other reasons. Section 2 Characteristics and functions of social security. The purpose and significance of social security 1. Economic purposes Through social security, members of society can maintain the most basic living conditions and life safety under any circumstances; 2. The political purpose is to ensure the implementation of national policies, maintain social stability and consolidate the existing social system through social security. 3. The ultimate goal: to improve the welfare level of the whole society. Second, the characteristics of social security First, the social security object is social, that is, its security object is all members of society; Sociality of social security organizations and management institutions; Sociality of sources of social security funds. Social sharing system. Second, countries are forced to fix the social security system in the form of law to ensure the implementation of the social security system and avoid subjectivity and arbitrariness. Some security items stipulated by social security, whether individuals or employers are willing or not, must participate in and accept their security according to relevant laws and regulations; Individual members of society have no right to choose the social security projects and benefits they participate in, and social security institutions have no right to refuse the requests of social members to enjoy their rights; The collection of social security funds is guaranteed by legislation, and individuals and groups that meet the payment conditions must pay according to the regulations, otherwise they will be investigated for legal responsibility. At present, many enterprises still refuse to participate in social insurance, which violates Article 72 of the Labor Law: "Employers and workers must participate in social insurance and pay social insurance premiums according to law." Three, universal security projects are universal: including social insurance, social assistance, social welfare and so on. Social insurance also includes pension, medical care, unemployment, maternity, work injury and so on; The object of protection is universal: covering all members of society; Fourth, fairness conforms to the fact that the guaranteed object can obtain equal social security opportunities and rights; It can promote the fairness and progress of the whole society. Fifth, mutual assistance and horizontal mutual assistance: unemployment insurance and medical insurance follow a law of large numbers, that is, most members realize income compensation for a few members who encounter risks; Vertical mutual assistance: intergenerational mutual assistance. For example, the social pooling part of endowment insurance. Sixth, first deduct a part of the savings social security project funds, pay them first, then save them, and then allocate them for use. Its essence is "take it from yourself and use it for yourself." Third, the function of social security 1 The relationship between social security and market economy The characteristics of market economy are as follows: First, it acts on the society through market mechanism to promote the development of the whole social economy, but the market mechanism has inevitable disadvantages: blindness, external diseconomy, and uncoordinated efficiency and fairness. Social security is one of the effective means for modern countries to intervene in social and economic life. The modern market economy system consists of a competitive market system and a macro-control system with the government as the main body, which interact to allocate resources. The state intervenes in market failure by using social security. Maintain social equity and promote social public interests. 2. The social function of social security (the function of social development and social stability) The compensation function of social security is the economic compensation for unemployment and laid-off workers caused by market competition. The stable function of social security: to achieve the stability of the whole society and even the ruling order by ensuring the living problems of workers and even citizens under special circumstances. Known as "social safety net" and "social shock absorber". When summing up the role of various countries in implementing the social security system, the International Labour Organization pointed out: "Without social stability, there will be no social development; Without social security, there will be no social stability ",which objectively describes the importance and role of social security as a social stability mechanism. 2. The economic function of social security (corresponding to the role of social security in economic development) regulates the investment and financing function: the funds of social security directly come from social security fees, state subsidies (financial subsidies) and fund operating income. After long-term accumulation, it has become a pillar of the state's investment regulation and control with huge amount and high stability. Balance demand function: To maintain healthy economic development, it is necessary to maintain the overall balance between demand and supply. In the period of economic expansion, employment is relatively easy and the unemployment rate is low. In the period of economic contraction, employment is difficult, unemployment rate is high, and disposable income is reduced, which easily leads to insufficient effective demand. Social security is called the reservoir for regulating economy, which plays a very effective role in balancing demand. When the economic recession leads to an increase in unemployment, the unemployment payment inhibits the trend of personal income reduction, giving people who have lost their jobs and have difficulties in life purchasing power, thus stimulating effective demand and promoting economic recovery to a certain extent. When the economy rises and the unemployment rate falls, the social security expenditure decreases correspondingly, and the scale of social security fund increases correspondingly, which reduces the sharp expansion of social demand and finally balances the total social demand and supply. National income redistribution function: through the tax link, in the initial distribution, it is collected from high-income people in the form of tax, and redistributed to low-income people through financial means, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, alleviating social contradictions and realizing social equity. Protecting and allocating the labor force to maintain the function of labor reproduction: through unemployment assistance, the unemployed can maintain labor reproduction; Through employment training, the unemployed have acquired new skills and achieved re-employment. Promote the effective allocation of labor force: through social security adjustment, workers have no worries, which can promote the rational flow of labor force and realize the effective allocation of labor factors. Some laborers have found jobs that can give full play to their energy through unemployment assistance, that is, they have realized effective allocation. Key points of this section: 1, features of social security 2, functions of social security.