What is the concept of bilateral social security agreement?

Divided into bilateral tax agreements and bilateral free trade agreements.

Bilateral free trade agreements liberalize trade between the two sides as much as possible, and the direct measure of the degree of trade liberalization is the reduction of tariffs, non-tariff measures and other trade restrictions. However, due to the huge difference between nominal tariffs and actual tariffs in developing countries, and the difficulty in quantifying non-tariff barriers and collecting data, many economists use the results of trade liberalization to approximate the degree of trade liberalization.

Bilateral tax agreement refers to a tax agreement signed by two sovereign countries to coordinate their tax distribution. Bilateral tax agreement is the main form of international tax agreement today. Due to the different political, economic and cultural backgrounds of different countries, especially the huge differences in tax systems, it is very difficult for many countries to negotiate and reach an agreement on tax affairs in order to safeguard their respective financial rights and interests, while it is relatively easy for two countries. At present, most of the tax treaties signed internationally are bilateral agreements. The tax treaties signed by China are all bilateral tax treaties.

At present, few countries or regions have signed bilateral social insurance agreements with China. The publicity of bilateral social insurance agreements is far less than that of bilateral tax agreements: from the official website of State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China, People's Republic of China (PRC), you can find out the countries or regions that have bilateral tax agreements with China and the details of the agreements themselves, but Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, as the national competent authority of social insurance, does not have a special column to introduce the relevant situation of bilateral social insurance agreements.

After some searching, we found that from the column of "Application Information" of China Social Insurance Management Center, we can find that the center has given an application form for issuing certificates according to the Sino-German Social Insurance Agreement and an application form for mutual payment of old-age insurance between China and South Korea. It can be inferred that China has signed bilateral social insurance agreements with at least two countries, namely German and Korean.