Classification of three-in-one fire protection places

There are many types of "three-in-one" places used for family workshops and business activities according to different classification standards.

1. It is divided into three categories according to the form of expression: "three-in-one" places with facades and rooms set up in lines. It refers to shops built in a contiguous area (three or more households) along both sides of urban (suburban) streets for business, processing, warehousing, and collective accommodation for employees without necessary fire prevention separation.

A "three-in-one" place for operation, processing and warehousing built sporadically. It refers to places built sporadically along both sides of urban (suburban) streets or in civil buildings and residential quarters for business operations and collective accommodation of employees without necessary fire prevention separation.

2. Divided into three categories according to the nature of use: On the evening of December 5, 2011, a "Focus Interview" column of CCTV broadcast a "three-in-one" regional program featuring Wuhan Mayor Fengxiang. The feature film "Fire Prevention" focuses on the comprehensive management of major fire hazards and reflects our province's "fire eradication" campaign.

A nationwide campaign to eliminate fire hazards is underway. During the operation, "three-in-one" places were one of the key targets for elimination. The so-called "three-in-one" place is a small factory or workshop integrating production, living and warehouse. Hanzheng Street in Wuhan, Hubei Province used to be a place with prominent fire hazards. In recent years, due to the clean-up and rectification of small factories and workshops, the safety situation of Hanzheng Street has improved. However, the original thousands of small clothing processing factories have begun to move to the urban-rural fringe. Changfeng Township has therefore become an area with concentrated fire hazards.

Fires caused by "three-in-one" places

In Changfeng Village, Qiaokou District, Wuhan City, all the houses in Changfeng Village were built by the villagers of Changfeng Village themselves. At 2:50 a.m. on November 17, a fire suddenly broke out on the third floor of one of the five-story houses. The third floor of this house was a small clothing processing workshop. There were 25 sewing machines in it at the time. There were 16 people living there, including the boss and employees. Fortunately, the escape was timely and no casualties were caused.

The fire scene was sealed off, and all the people who originally lived in the building have been evacuated. With the faint light of the camera, the reporter walked along the narrow stairs to the third floor where the fire broke out.

According to reports, this small workshop has no name and specializes in processing clothes for merchants operating clothing wholesale on Hanzheng Street in Wuhan. The owner, Xiong, is from Xiantao, Hubei. 16 people, including him, process clothes here during the day. , I sleep here at night and cook and eat here at the same time. This is called a "three-in-one" or "all-in-one" place. This kind of workshop converted from an ordinary house has huge fire hazards, and the fire on November 17, 2011 was caused by this.

Investigating the cause of the fire

When the reporter asked about the cause of the accident, the firefighters said that on the one hand, it may be the aging of the motor, and on the other hand, it may be the long-term overload operation of electricity. After the incident, the boss was afraid of being held accountable and disappeared. According to regulations, "employee dormitories are not allowed to be set up in buildings with workshops or warehouses." Because clothing fabrics are highly flammable, more attention should be paid to fire prevention in such clothing processing sites, but we see fire hazards everywhere. The reporter found at the scene that the simple ashtray next to the sewing machine was full of cigarette butts, which shows that the employees here must be smoking while working.

What surprised the reporter was that there were five such small clothing workshops in this five-story building built by the villagers of Changfeng Village. In fact, this situation is very common in the Changfeng Street area. These 5- and 6-story buildings were built by villagers on their own homesteads, and most of them are rented to "three-in-one" small clothing workshops. These small workshops are all for Hanzheng Street without exception. Supplied by merchants. The reporter randomly visited a few households and clearly saw the true appearance of this small workshop.

In another small workshop, when they saw the firefighters coming, the employees simply turned off the lights and left. When interviewing this small workshop, the reporter unexpectedly learned that they had just moved here from the building that caught fire on November 17, 2011, but the fire that happened around them did not seem to cause them to be more alert.

When a reporter asked, "You are giving birth here and living here, have you ever thought it would be unsafe?" The other person's answer was, "I think about it sometimes, but I don't worry too much."

Here we learned that if a small workshop processes a piece of clothing for a clothing wholesaler, it can get a processing fee of about 10 yuan. After excluding workers' wages, house rent and water and electricity bills, the profit for each piece of clothing is only a few yuan. Therefore, the workshop owners have been saving one cost after another. Not only are the production and accommodation together, but the facilities inside are as simple as possible, which has caused huge safety risks, but they have become accustomed to this.

Looking for solutions to fire hazards

Because every family is like this, we don’t take it seriously. There are nearly 10,000 "three-in-one" small clothing workshops here. These houses have poor building structures, low fire resistance levels, wires are randomly connected, people and materials are highly dense, and warehousing, production, and accommodation are mixed together. The Changfeng Street area received 146 fire alarms, 46 of which resulted in disasters. One fire broke out in less than ten days. Because there are so many manufacturers, there is no communication between them, let alone evacuation channels and safety exits. In order to save some operating costs, hidden dangers are laid, but if a fire occurs, it is easy to form a "fire camp", resulting in fire accidents that cause hundreds of deaths and injuries, as well as heavy property losses. But the stubborn disease that has developed over the years has become difficult to solve with conventional methods.

Rectification is difficult, and a complete shutdown can easily trigger conflicts. For this reason, Wuhan City has established a "three-in-one" comprehensive rectification office in Changfeng District, which consists of the sub-district office and the public security, fire protection, industry and commerce and other departments. Strengthen management. The Wuhan fire department regularly inspects the fire protection facilities in this area every week and is familiar with the roads so that it can put out fires in time when a fire breaks out. They also equipped the community with 33 small firefighting motorcycles based on the narrow streets in this area, and they will be distributed to the community soon. In addition, Changfeng Village and Dongfeng Village used village collective funds to purchase three small fire trucks and set up a 60-person volunteer fire brigade to patrol Changfeng Street 24 hours a day.

However, comprehensive renovation only treats the symptoms rather than the root cause. In order to completely solve the fire hazards in Changfeng area, Wuhan City decided to launch an urban village reconstruction plan along Changfeng Street from mid-2012. The self-built houses by villagers will If all are demolished, these small clothing processing workshops will cease to exist with the demolition of the houses. Wuhan City also has plans for where they will go. The director of the local "three-in-one" comprehensive improvement office said that an industrial park-style factory building is planned next to Hankou Peking University Market. It is planned to move them there as a whole and then produce, process and sell them there. That specialized market not only has supporting warehouses and logistics, but also houses specially built for merchants and employees, which can be bought or rented. In the two years since it opened, there has not been a fire here. The "three-in-one" phenomenon has been completely eliminated, and the rent here is much cheaper than in downtown Wuhan.

Thousands of merchants on Hanzheng Street have moved to nearby areas. With the overall relocation of Hanzheng Street, the small clothing workshops in Changfeng area that rely on Hanzheng Street to survive will also be moved to nearby areas. While receiving overall upgrades, they will also be fire-fighting. Hidden danger issues will also be completely resolved.

To eliminate fire hazards, we must treat both the symptoms and the root causes. For Wuhan, the overall relocation of Hanzheng Street and the renovation of Changfeng City Village are fundamental solutions. During the transition period before this, fire safety management must be strengthened. Only by carefully investigating fire hazards and implementing supervisory responsibilities can we minimize the loss of life and property and nip them in the bud. "In a three-story building with an area of ??about 1,500 square meters, one side is the production workshop, and the other side is divided into more than 10 cabins for staff dormitories, which can accommodate nearly a hundred people. The printing factory is 20 meters away Residential buildings are in the distance. Once a fire breaks out, the consequences will be disastrous... On the 27th, Chongqing Zhenghong Design Printing Co., Ltd., located in Huangnilong, Yubei, Chongqing, was classified as a major fire hazard by the Yubei District Fire Detachment due to serious fire safety hazards. The unit is required to complete the rectification of fire hazards before August 10 this year.

Chongqing Zhenghong Design Printing Co., Ltd. is only a few hundred meters away from the bustling road section of Huangnichuang Roundabout in Yubei District. The company's headquarters. The building area is 1,500 square meters and the third floor is mainly engaged in printing business.

During the inspection, the fire law enforcement officers discovered that the company had divided one side of each floor into multiple small rooms, which were used as dormitories and kitchens for workers. There were residential buildings more than 20 meters away from the printing plant, and the printing Paper, ink, etc. in the factory are all flammable items. Once a fire breaks out, it will spread quickly. Not only will it be difficult for the people staying in the factory to escape, but the fire may also take advantage of the wind and ignite residential buildings not far away.

"How to use a fire extinguisher? How to escape after a fire?..." During the period, the fire law enforcement officers also carefully asked the relevant person in charge of the company and some employees about the basic knowledge of fire safety. "We know for sure that there should be no fire." Faced with the law enforcement officer's inquiry, two employees who were busy working shook their heads.

Because there are serious fire safety hazards in this place, the Yubei District Fire Brigade listed it as a major fire hazard unit and focused on urging rectification.

“Establishing the company as a major fire hazard unit is mainly to warn places with fire hazards to pay attention to fire safety, promptly rectify fire hazards, and avoid fire accidents.” Yubei District Fire Detachment stated that currently fire law enforcement personnel are in accordance with In line with the principles of strict law enforcement and enthusiastic service, a "Notice on Rectification of Major Fire Hazards" has been issued to the person in charge of the enterprise, requiring him to promptly make rectifications. After the rectifications are completed, he will apply to the fire department for review. After the reexamination of fire safety, the company can Production can be resumed.