Management of safety education and training for migrant workers in construction industry in remote areas?

The construction industry is one of the pillar industries of the national economy, and it is also a labor-intensive industry with a large employment capacity, which absorbs one-third of the total number of rural migrant workers. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2004, there are 38.93 million employees in China's construction industry, of which the construction site operators are basically migrant workers, and the total number has reached 320 1 10,000. The prosperity of the construction industry provides a big market for solving the rural surplus labor force (especially in economically backward areas). As the government and industry authorities, they should strengthen their pre-job safety education and training management, which must be highly valued by all levels and departments.

First of all, it is imperative to train and manage migrant workers in the construction industry in remote areas.

Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture belongs to the western development area of the country, and it is also a region where ethnic minorities gather, and its economic development level is relatively backward. According to statistics, there are more than 30,000 employees in the construction industry, including more than 20,000 migrant workers, accounting for 85%. They are mainly engaged in front-line construction operations. Therefore, their safe operation level directly affects the safe production situation on the construction site. Taking the current situation of migrant workers in our state as an example, it is imperative to strengthen the education and training management of migrant workers in remote areas because of the following characteristics.

(1) The migrant workers in the construction market in our state mainly come from remote rural areas, and most of them have just graduated from primary schools. Although some of them graduated from junior high school, their knowledge level is only equivalent to that of primary school. According to the survey, more than 90% of migrant workers have not participated in skills post training or obtained relevant post certificates and technical grade certificates, so they put down their sickles and picked up grey knives. They don't have proper job knowledge and lack necessary safety skills training and education.

(2) Migrant workers are the biggest victims of industrial accidents. At present, many engineering projects require construction enterprises with more than two qualification levels to participate in bidding. Speak Mandarin when bidding, and speak local accent after winning the bid. Employment is basically recruited in the local labor market. The migrant workers who have been recruited have not received systematic safety training, and even the three-level education of admission is often a mere formality (a few construction sites have not even received oral education), especially those migrant workers who have just come out of the countryside. They are unfamiliar with the working environment of the construction site, do not understand the unsafe factors in the construction process, lack safety knowledge, safety awareness and self-protection ability, and cannot distinguish between harm and danger. Some migrant workers come to work on the first day, and even have casualties the next day. In some projects, the subcontractor is entrusted by the contractor, which makes the regulations and standards on safety production in construction only stay at the level of the project management team, and the construction team cannot implement them. Operators do not know or are not familiar with safety regulations and operating procedures, and lack management. The phenomenon of illegal operation can not be corrected and stopped in time, and the hidden dangers of accidents can not be found and rectified in time. Therefore, they are both victims and perpetrators of the accident. According to the statistics of casualties in our state in recent ten years, the number of migrant workers accounts for more than 85% of the casualties in the construction industry, and they are the biggest victims of the casualties in the construction industry.

(3) Migrant workers lack effective management system. Migrant workers provide human resources for the rapid development of the construction industry. At the same time, there are also some problems to be solved urgently in the construction labor market dominated by migrant workers. First, labor service enterprises sign labor contracts with "labor contractors", and some "labor contractors" arbitrarily employ workers and have chaotic management, illegally transferring business risks and harming the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers; Second, the ranks of migrant workers are huge, loose and disorderly, which brings difficulties to industry management. Migrant workers enter the construction site in the form of labor services. Most of them belong to voluntary and loose temporary combination groups, standing in the labor market of Shangzi Street every day and coming at the drop of a hat. Employers, on the other hand, pay attention to use and training, so it is difficult to implement safety education and lack of effective management system.

Second, the status of training for migrant workers in remote areas

(1) training method. At present, there are three main ways to educate migrant workers in Hunan Province.

1. Social forces run schools. Every prefecture, city and state has various vocational and technical schools, and even some county-level vocational and technical schools. They generally offer technical secondary schools in architecture, and also offer short-term training courses for vocational skills and technicians according to the needs of the construction industry. Because the operators in these schools have better professional quality and standardized teaching, the theoretical knowledge and professional level of the students are better. However, in recent years, due to the influence of many factors such as funds, establishment, students, etc. Some schools are on the verge of bankruptcy and some have even been dissolved.

2. Training organized by industry authorities. The training organized by the management department is mainly carried out according to the requirements of laws and regulations and the spirit of the document, generally once a year 1 ~ 2 times, with strong pertinence. The training targets are mainly managers and special types of work, and there are fewer people like ordinary workers. The training content is mainly the publicity and implementation of new laws and regulations. Under the current management system of our country, this kind of training is mandatory and the main force of building safety education.

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