I want to know people's specific evaluation of Cao Cao!

The first is: know people well and assign them well, and only use talents to suit their needs. The evaluation of Cao Cao's employment of people is based on Xun Yu and Guo Jia's evaluation of Cao Cao's employment of people. Meriting people according to their talents is the same as knowing people and making good use of them, or knowing people and assigning them well. What does it mean to know people and be kind to them? It includes three contents: first, knowing who are talents; second, knowing what kind of talents these people are, or what type of talents; third, knowing where to put these people in the most appropriate position. This is called knowing people and being good at their assignments. To know people and be good at their assignments is to know them first, and secondly to be good at their assignments, and to be good at assignments is to do things according to their talents. For example, Cui Yan and Mao Jie we have mentioned repeatedly, what are their characteristics? They were decent in style and honest, so Cao Cao asked them to take charge of the work of the Organization Department and the Cadre Department, and select officials. As expected, the ones they recommended were all talented and capable. Another example is Zao Zhi and Ren Jun. What are the characteristics of these two people? After working hard without complaint, Cao Cao let them go to farm. As a result, Cao Cao's farm system was implemented and Cao Cao gained a rich grain and economic foundation. This is the first characteristic of Cao Cao's employment. He knows people well and appoints them according to their talents. For this characteristic, even the person who hates Cao Cao the most, such as Hong Mai, who wrote "Rong Zhai Essays", also admitted that Hong Mai also had this evaluation of Cao Cao's employment: "The wisdom is effective in one official, and the power is divided into one county. No matter how great or outstanding they are, they are all competent." That is to say, no matter who he assigns to do something, they are very suitable and competent. This is the first characteristic.

The second characteristic: sincerity and trustworthiness, and no doubt in employing people. This is the general principle of employing people. If you doubt people, don't use them. If you employ people, don't doubt them. This is what people who know how to employ people do. But there is something special about Cao Cao. What is special about it? The first thing is that Cao Cao is living in troubled times. What are the characteristics of troubled times? People's hearts are unstable, interpersonal relationships are tense, and there is a lack of trust and sincerity between people. In Cao Cao's words, this is called "the autumn of mutual suspicion". Everyone They don't trust each other. This is the first characteristic. The second feature is Cao Cao's dual role. In Zhou Yu's words, Cao Cao is "named the Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty, but he is actually a traitor of the Han Dynasty." Of course, we cannot say for sure whether Cao Cao is a traitor of the Han Dynasty or not. At least we can say with certainty that Cao Cao still wanted to maintain the Han Dynasty in the early stage. In the later stage, his personal ambition expanded and he became a traitor and wanted to replace him. But even in the early days, Cao Cao had his own little plans. In name, he was recruiting talents for the Han Dynasty, but in fact, he wanted these talents to be used by him. But in this way, he has another advantage, and he also has a disadvantage, which is Cao Cao's "obeying the emperor to order the princes" or "taking the emperor to order the princes". He has advantages and disadvantages. What is the advantage? He can use the name of the central government, the Han Dynasty, the current emperor, as well as the official position, title, and salary of this government to recruit talents, which is more convenient than Liu Bei or Sun Quan; what are his disadvantages? It was that he couldn't figure out who he was recruiting to serve, whether he was loyal to the emperor or loyal to him. If he couldn't figure it out, suspicion would inevitably arise. The third characteristic is that Cao Cao’s camp is complicated. In his camp there are officials from the Eastern Han Dynasty, newly recruited and newly selected officials, people brought out by Cao Cao himself, and people from other camps who have defected to Cao Cao, surrendered to Cao Cao, or defected to Cao Cao. of. Then these people are also suspicious of each other, which means that for Cao Cao, trust and sincerity are particularly important at this time, in this environment, and under this condition. As a leader at this time, Cao Cao must show his tolerance and sincerity.

We have said before that Cao Cao was so tolerant to those who betrayed him, including Zhang Xiu, Wei Zhong, Bi Chen, and those who had viciously attacked him, such as Chen Lin. , why is he so tolerant to these people? He just wants to show the people of the world that I, Cao Cao, really and sincerely hope that all the talents in the world will come here to serve the country. I am very sincere. Even if you betray me, I don't care and I have no regrets. , doesn’t care about it, and I don’t even punish you. As long as you come again, he just wants to express this sincerity. So what did he get in exchange for such trust and sincerity? In exchange for loyalty. For example, Yu Jin was a general promoted by Cao Cao himself from the ranks. When Cao Cao first marched south to Zhang Xiu, didn't Zhang Xiu surrender to Cao Cao and then rebel? When he rebelled, Cao Cao was defeated. At this time, Cao Cao's army was in chaos, but only Yu Jin's team was very powerful. They kept the ground in order, arranging their own troops along the way, beating drums all the way, and retreating in an orderly manner.

On the way back, he met several soldiers under other people's command. They were disheveled and looked in a sorry state. Yu Jin asked them what was going on. They said, "We were robbed by Qingzhou soldiers. What are Qingzhou soldiers?" The Qingzhou soldiers were the Yellow Turbans who surrendered to Cao Cao. After the Yellow Turbans surrendered to Cao Cao, Cao Cao incorporated them into the Qingzhou soldiers. Cao Cao was particularly tolerant of them. When these people saw that Cao Cao was defeated, they rose up in rebellion and robbed Cao Cao's other troops. Yu Jin saw that this was okay, since they were all Cao Gong's team, how could they do this! Then the team drove over, punished the Qingzhou soldiers, and then retreated. At this time, the Qingzhou soldiers were punished by Yu Jin, and they hurried to Cao Cao to report Yu Jin. When Yu Jin returned to the base camp, there was already an uproar, but Yu Jin still organized his troops first and arranged When he went to the camp, he didn't go to see Cao Cao in time. At that time, someone told Yu Jin, "Qingzhou soldiers have sued you, why don't you go and tell Duke Cao clearly, why are you setting up camp and doing these things now?" Yu Jin said, the enemy soldiers are behind and will come at any time. How can we meet the enemy if we are not prepared? Official matters should be put first, and my personal advancement and retreat, honor and disgrace, my Yu Jin, should be put behind. Besides, what a wise man Cao Gong is, how could he listen to slander? After arranging the troops and preparing for battle, Yu Jin went to see Cao Cao. Cao Cao praised him greatly and said, General Yu, you really have the demeanor of a good general in ancient times, which is great. What's this? Trust for loyalty.

*Cao Cao is able to treat talents according to their abilities and builds the best bridge of communication with talents through mutual trust. Therefore, the abilities of Cao Cao's talents have been maximized. Therefore, Cao Cao was often able to work together with the generals to tide over difficulties when he was on the verge of failure. Especially in a troubled time of intrigue, this showed Cao Cao's sincerity and tolerance. But tolerance only shows Cao Cao's humanity. Can a humane army be invincible and invincible? What kind of employment methods did Cao Cao rely on to establish his authority?

The third characteristic of Cao Cao’s employment is: he enforces orders and prohibitions, and clear rewards and punishments. Cao Cao was very strict in running the army. He issued and promulgated various orders many times, requiring strict military discipline. Because Cao Cao knew very well that an undisciplined team cannot defeat the enemy. Moreover, Cao Cao was able to lead by example. There is a famous story that may be familiar to viewers. Once when he was marching, Cao Cao issued an order not to trample on farmland. He wanted to protect farmers. If any horse stepped on a wheat field, it would be a crime of beheading. So Cao Cao's cavalry all dismounted and walked, holding the horse with one hand, using a weapon with the other hand to protect the wheat with a gun or something, and walked carefully. Cao Cao himself did not dismount, but his horse was frightened and a guy jumped into the wheat field. Cao Cao's horse trampled the wheat field. Cao Cao immediately dismounted and called the military judge to ask, what crime should be committed? The military judge said, behead. Cao Cao said, "I'll ask you to execute me." Alas, how can that be possible? Anyway, there was this tradition in ancient times. If the punishment is not good enough for the officials, the courtesy is not good enough for the common people, and the law is not imposed on the venerable, how can the commander-in-chief behead him? Cao Cao said that there was no way, so just cut off a piece of hair. He pulled out his sword, cut off a piece of hair and threw it on the ground to show that he had been punished. This story is recorded in a book that is very unfriendly to Cao Cao. The name of this book is "The Biography of Cao Cao". What is it used to illustrate? It shows that Cao Cao is hypocritical and treacherous. He said that if you give an order and step on a wheat field, you will be punished. If you want to behead your head, you will lose your hair. In fact, this is not the case. Cao Cao was also punished, which was called Kun Xing. Kun Xing meant shaving off his hair, because the ancients believed that the body, skin and hair were inherited from the parents and should not be given up, and Kun Xing was insulting. punishment, so he still received the punishment, which still showed Cao Cao's strict law enforcement.

Then Cao Cao’s punishment was severe, and his rewards were also unambiguous. One characteristic of Cao Cao's rewards for his subordinates is that they are not based on temporary whims like some powerful commanders. We know that when warlords fight, there will be many so-called heroes. After a battle is fought, and the battle is won, come, come, come, brothers, divide it up, this is for you, this is for you, this is for you, Taking it casually may seem generous, but it actually makes no sense. If Cao Cao wants to reward a person, there must be two things. First, this person must have made great achievements; second, Cao Cao's reward must be in place, that is, the reward Cao Cao gives you must exceed the share you hope for. He increases the stakes, and when he rewards you, he is thoughtful, maybe so thoughtful that even you can't think of it. Cao Cao is a person who is very good at doing favors. If he doesn't do it, he must do enough favors.

As a commander-in-chief, one of Cao Cao's special features is that he never competes with his subordinates for limelight, face, or credit. All his achievements go to his subordinates. Secondly, his rewards are never formal and will definitely make you realize your achievements. They got real benefits. Cao Cao was a very, very real person. It was this real style that made everyone feel that following Cao Cao was indeed the right thing to do.

The fourth characteristic is: being open-minded and thinking of others. Cao Cao did not compete with his subordinates for limelight, face, or credit, not to mention that. Moreover, if his subordinates gave him suggestions, if he did not adopt them and made mistakes, he would definitely review them and take all the blame on himself and others. Of course, in many cases, Cao Cao accepted advice with an open mind, which is also a very important factor in attracting talents, because as a talent, he certainly hopes to get the rewards he deserves through his hard work and wisdom. This is his A hope, but what he hopes more is that he can display his talents and that his suggestions and plans can be adopted. We can see from reading history books that there are a large number of such records. Taizu listened to it, followed it, and behaved well. Of course, there were times when Taizu did not listen, and there were also times when Taizu did not listen. If he did not listen and made a wrong decision, Cao Cao would definitely review it. Once when Cao Cao was attacking Sun Quan, Cao Cao made a decision to move all the people in Huainan to the north. At that time, a man named Jiang Ji disapproved. Cao Cao said, look at the last time I fought with Yuan Shao in the battle of Baima, I moved the people of Baima to Yanjin. Jiang Ji said, Mr. Cao, the situation now is different from when you fought Yuan Shao in the battle of Baima. They all love their country and their home. If anyone wants to move around, don’t move them. Cao Cao refused to listen. When these people heard that Cao Cao wanted to move them to the north, they all ran to Sun Quan. So later Jiang Ji went to see Cao Cao. When Cao Cao heard that Jiang Ji was coming, he immediately went out to greet him. Then he laughed, took Jiang Ji's hand and said, oh Jiang Ji, look at what I did. I wanted them to avoid Thief Sun, but who knew that they would all be driven to Thief Sun? Look at what I did and reflect on it. And we have to learn from him, even if we are doing self-criticism, we don’t always have to look sad. Some of our current leaders are unwilling to do self-criticism when they make mistakes because they seem to burst into tears when they do. You can also criticize with a smile. You won't lose face when you criticize with a smile, and the person who accepts your review will still think that you are sincere.

These are Cao Cao’s four characteristics in employing people. Based on these four characteristics, we can summarize eight sentences:

Be sincere and affectionate; treat people with sincerity and sincerity. ;Be open and honest, convince others with reason; be consistent in words and deeds, win people's trust;

Keep orders and prohibitions, govern people according to law; put yourself in others' shoes, be tolerant; encourage others, blame yourself, give credit to others; reward according to merit, To reward people.

*As a good boss, Cao Cao is very good at employing people. He knows very well that "to compete for the world, you must first compete for people." But in troubled times, wives choose talents, and talents choose bosses. This is similar to today's two-way choice. Therefore, to win talents, you must first conquer the hearts of talents. Mr. Yi Zhongtian believes that Cao Cao can be kind and powerful at the same time, and is good at self-criticism and comparison. Is this Cao Cao's exclusive secret to winning people's hearts? So, what kind of mystery is hidden behind Cao Cao's many skills in employing people?

In fact, what is important is not what Cao Cao did, but why he did it. In other words, what is important is not the skill of using people, but the way of using people. What is "Tao"? Tao is human nature, the human heart. The core of Cao Cao's approach to employing people is: insight into human nature and people's hearts. He knows very well what is going on with people, and he knows why his soldiers follow him through life and death, so there is a saying of "crediting people with merit and rewarding people." He knows that all people have weaknesses and shortcomings, so he has to "rule people with law and tolerate people". He also knows that people are rational animals and that people are reasonable in most situations, so there is a saying of "convincing people with reason and winning people with faith." He also knows that people have feelings, and sometimes the maintenance of feelings is more important and more effective than the maintenance of interests, so he has "treat people with sincerity and affection." Therefore, the great thing about Cao Cao lies not in his skills or specific methods, but in his Tao, but in his thorough understanding and grasp of the human heart and human nature.

There is an example that illustrates the problem. After the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao seized a large number of Yuan Shao's books, materials, documents, and letters, and found that among them were letters written by his own people to Yuan Shao.

According to the reaction of ordinary people, this is evidence of collaboration with the enemy, evidence of betrayal. I should take out all these letters and search them one by one, and find out those traitors, those with second thoughts, and those wavering elements. , Cao Cao did not. After Cao Cao found out that there was such a pile of letters, he immediately ordered them all to be burned without even reading them. What Cao Cao did was so beautiful. Many people didn't understand it at the time, so they asked Cao Cao, why did you destroy such important evidence? Cao Cao said, Oh, forget it. To be honest, when I fought with Yuan Shao, the weak defeated the strong. Yuan Shao was strong and I was weak. At that time, even Cao Cao himself was honestly not sure. I was not sure whether I could fight. If we win this battle, what about everyone else? It’s normal! What Cao Cao did was really smart. What was so smart about it? He knew very well that the situation at that time was what he said. So since it was such a situation, the number of people who secretly had contact with Yuan Shao at that time must not be a decimal number, not one or two, not three or five, or maybe dozens Hundreds of them. You can liquidate all these people. You can’t liquidate them. Since you can’t liquidate them, it’s better not to liquidate them at all. Not only will I not liquidate them, I don’t even have the handle in my hand. I didn’t do it in front of you. Feng, I didn’t read it. I don’t know who is colluding with Yuan Shao. I will burn all the evidence now. Don’t worry, everyone. As long as you follow me, Mr. Cao, and be loyal from now on, I don’t know what happened in the past. The favor is done to the end. . Cao Cao knew very well that in such a complicated political struggle, sometimes he had to pretend to be confused. Only by pretending to be confused can he be tolerant, and only by being tolerant can he win the hearts of the people. Only by winning the hearts of the people can the world be prosperous. Therefore, he is called Lao Bai. Being a grandpa” sometimes just means pretending to be deaf and dumb. It is no longer easy to have insight into people's hearts and human nature. It is even more difficult to put oneself in others' shoes and compare one's own feelings with others. What is even more rare is that when Cao Cao did these things, for example, he destroyed the evidence, he rewarded his generals, and he punished his own shortcomings and mistakes. When doing self-criticism, he thanked those who gave him advice. When he did all these things, he did it honestly, generously, naturally, and realistically, without any pretense. This was too difficult.

*Cao Cao was able to understand human nature and people's hearts, and he also mastered the way of employing people. Cao Cao has mastered the art of employing people, and he also knows what his talents need most. When Cao Cao knows what talents need, he also knows what he can give talents. So in the final analysis, Cao Cao's way of employing people is also his way of life. So what exactly is Cao Cao's way of life?

Why was Cao Cao able to do this? Several reasons. First, Cao Cao was smart. He knew that it was impossible for a person engaged in political struggle and a person fighting on the battlefield to tell all the truth. Telling all lies would not work. Such a person People must know when to tell the truth and when to tell lies, and to whom to tell the truth and to whom to tell lies. To the enemy, you must tell lies. Soldiers are not tired of deceit, so you cannot tell the truth; but to your own advisers, they are all smart people, so you have to tell the truth. Only by telling the truth can you gain trust. In exchange for trust, he will do his best to advise you, and you can defeat the enemy. Cao Cao was able to grasp the balance between true and false. This is called wisdom.

The second reason is that he is easy-going. One of the good things about Cao Cao's character is that he is a man of temperament. We all know that Cao Cao is a poet. He has the qualities of a military general and a poet. His temperament, as long as he is not in official office or official combat, he is very easy-going. He will tell jokes, joke, and laugh with everyone, so that he has a kind of affinity. As a leader, it is not good to be too serious. If you are too serious, others will think you are not approachable. It is also not good to be too casual. If you are too casual, you will lose prestige. It is best to be like Cao Cao, who is not angry when he needs prestige. As for Wei, he was kind and easy-going at ordinary times, which made his subordinates both respect and love him. Cao Cao also grasped this balance well. So Cao Cao often said serious things in a joking tone. For example, he had a person on his enemy's side, and his father was imprisoned by Cao Cao. Cao Cao wrote him a letter saying, "Your Majesty is in my prison." Life is pretty good, but the country can't always spend money to support other people's fathers in old age. It's up to you to do what you want. It's very fun.

The third reason is his sincerity. Cao Cao sincerely and truly hopes that many people will help him. He really feels that he is alone and weak. This It's his truth.

There is a poem by Cao Cao called "Dan Ge Xing", which contains the following sentence: "The green zijin is my heart. But for the sake of the king, I ponder it to this day." The translation is, the green is your robe, the long is me Your love is just because of you that makes me miss you till now. Who are you missing? Not a lover, not Xiaomi, but a friend who can help him achieve a career. This feeling is real, so the third reason is his sincerity.

The fourth reason is deepness. Cao Cao is a very deep person. Let’s take a look at the song "Dan Ge Xing". What is his opening sentence? "Singing to wine, how many years there are in life. Like morning dew, the past days are more bitter." Life is very short. We should use this short life to do a vigorous career, so we need a large number of talents and friends to help I. Therefore, his way of employing people is based on the height of philosophical thinking about the universe and life. It is by no means a way of employing people in the general sense. Therefore, Cao Cao is very easy-going and very profound. Guo Jia had such an evaluation of Cao Cao, saying that he is "simple on the outside but clever on the inside", which means that on the surface he may seem casual, but in fact he is very deep inside. He can shake hands with you and have fun with you. He can talk and laugh with you, he can laugh with you, he can hug you, but please pay attention, when he shakes hands with you and laughs happily, he is observing you, and he looks at people deeply, and he will treat them The person opposite sees it in his eyes, remembers it in his heart, and rots in his stomach, and then he knows how to treat you, or how to deal with you. Cao Cao is very good at judging people. Yuan Shao is so arrogant and Yuan Shu is so arrogant. Cao Cao doesn't take it seriously. He only treats Liu Bei who used to sell straw sandals and later became a servant. Cao Cao even said this. : "Today's heroes are here to envoy you and Cao Er." This sentence is very strange. Is Liu Bei a hero? If Liu Bei is a hero, then Cao Cao's words are equivalent to saying that the two of us are fighting for the world. We shouldn't say it, it should be rotten in the stomach. So if Liu Bei is not a hero, then why did Cao Cao say this? So we really want to find out whether Cao Cao was right about Liu Bei and whether Liu Bei was a hero? Did Cao Cao say, "Today's heroes are only envoys and Cao Er"? Please watch the next episode - Green plum wine.