Which conducts heat faster, heat pipe or copper?

Heat pipe technology is a kind of heat transfer element invented by G.M.Grover of LosAlamos National Laboratory in the United States in 1963, and named as "heat pipe". The schematic diagram of the working principle of heat pipe makes full use of the heat conduction principle and the rapid heat transfer characteristics of refrigeration medium. The heat of the heated object is quickly transferred to the outside of the heat source through the heat pipe, and its thermal conductivity exceeds that of any known metal. Heat pipe technology was widely used in aerospace, military and other industries. Since it was introduced into the radiator manufacturing industry, people have changed the traditional design idea of radiators and got rid of the single cooling mode of relying solely on large air volume motors to obtain better cooling effect. Using heat pipe technology, the radiator can get satisfactory results even if it uses low-speed and low-air motor, which solves the noise problem that plagues air-cooled heat dissipation and opens up a new world of heat dissipation industry. Now it is common on the radiator of cpu.

From a thermodynamic point of view, why is the thermal conductivity of heat pipes so good? The heat absorption and heat release of an object are relative. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat is inevitably transferred from high temperature to low temperature. There are three ways of heat transfer: radiation, convection and conduction, among which heat transfer is the fastest. Heat pipe is the use of evaporative refrigeration, which makes the temperature difference between the two ends of the heat pipe very large and makes the heat transfer very fast. Generally, a heat pipe consists of a shell, a wick and an end cover. The inside of the heat pipe is pumped into a negative pressure state and filled with appropriate liquid, which has a low boiling point and is volatile. A wick made of capillary porous material is arranged on the tube wall. One section of the heat pipe is the evaporation end and the other section is the condensation end. When one section of the heat pipe is heated, the liquid in the capillary quickly evaporates, and the steam flows to the other end under a slight pressure difference, releasing heat and condensing into liquid again. The liquid flows back to the evaporation section along the porous material under the action of capillary force, so the circulation does not stop, and the heat is transferred from one end of the heat pipe to the other. This cycle is very fast, and the heat can be continuously conducted.