What do you study in botany? What are the main employment directions?

Botany is a branch of biology. It is a science that studies the morphology, classification, physiology, ecology, distribution, occurrence, inheritance and evolution of plants. Its main branches are plant taxonomy, plant morphology, plant anatomy, plant embryology, plant physiology, plant ecology, plant pathology, plant geography and so on. The purpose is to develop, utilize, transform and protect plant resources so that plants can provide more food, fiber, medicine and building materials for human beings.

The employment situation of botany graduate students will vary according to the research direction. Generally speaking, most of them are engaged in teaching and scientific research. But you don't have to engage in botanical research. Botanical knowledge can also be used in other scientific research fields. For example, some garden units, pharmaceutical companies, seed companies and government departments will recruit this professional talent.

The branch of biology that studies plants. The food, shelter, clothing, medicine, decorations, tools and even witchcraft supplies of early humans were all taken from plants. Green plants use photosynthesis to make food and nourish all living things. Today, the oxygen needed by human beings and many living things has been produced by plants through photosynthesis for 3.5 billion years.

Primitive people collected plants first, then planted them, and human civilization appeared after the agricultural population settled down. The knowledge accumulated by human beings in these activities constitutes the basis of plant science today. Today, Aristotle's disciple Theophrastus (300 BC) is often called the founder of botany.

1. Mycorrhizal Biology and Biotechnology: This direction combines theory with practice, actively carries out interdisciplinary research, and focuses on theoretical and applied research on the relationship between plants and microorganisms. * * * relationship mainly studies the diversity and ecological distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in terrestrial ecosystems, as well as the mechanism and application of mycorrhizal fungi in vegetation restoration and plant growth and development; The relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal growth and the growth of authentic Chinese herbal medicines and the metabolism of effective components: the research and development of mycorrhizal biotechnology.

2. Plant Diversity and Phylogenetic Evolution: In this direction, the systematic classification and evolutionary biology of different plant groups are studied at the level of species diversity and genetic diversity, and the techniques and methods of palynology, phytochemistry, cytogenetics, molecular biology and other disciplines are used to deeply explore the genetic relationship and phylogenetic evolution among plant groups, so as to provide a basis for establishing a natural classification system and sustainable utilization of resources. Focus on the collection, preservation, systematic evolution and sustainable utilization of angiosperm germplasm resources such as Leguminosae and Compositae.

3. Sustainable utilization of authentic Chinese herbal medicine resources: Based on medicinal botany and modern Chinese herbal medicine technology, this direction carries out research on the protection of authentic Chinese herbal medicine germplasm resources, regulation of nutritional metabolism, detection and evaluation of effective components, and environmental transformation in Hebei Province. Combined with related disciplines, it will serve the rational development and sustainable utilization of medicinal plant resources in China, especially in Hebei Province, and the development of modern Chinese herbal medicine technology system.

4. Resource phytochemistry: Based on organic chemistry and botany, this direction uses chemical and modern analytical methods to carry out research on separation and purification, structural determination, biological activity and function, structural modification and synthesis of phytochemicals, and combines with related disciplines, focusing on plant-derived drugs and biopesticides, bioactive components and natural lead compounds.

5. Plant Molecular Biology: This direction is devoted to the research work in the field of cloning, transferring and expressing foreign genes into plants by using the principles and technologies of molecular biology and genetic engineering, and using transgenic plants and suitable cultivated or wild species as breeding materials to cultivate plant strains with transgenic characteristics. Focus on the screening, cloning and expression of excellent genes in crops and medicinal plants.

Man's understanding of plants can be traced back to the Paleolithic Age. In the process of searching for food, humans collected seeds, stems, roots and fruits of plants. The founder of botany is Theophrastus Lastu, who classified plants in his book History of Plants (also called Plant Investigation). /kloc-in the 20th century, the Greek doctor Ridders wrote "German Materia Medica", which laid the foundation for the use of medicinal plants in the future.

From 65438 to 0593, Li Shizhen of Ming Dynasty in China also completed the compilation of Compendium of Materia Medica. At the end of 17, British biologist Ray established the basic principle of modern plant classification. /kloc-in the 0/7th century, various microscopes appeared, which initiated the study of plant anatomy, and then plant physiology and plant embryology were further developed.

Hu Xiansu, the founder of modern plant taxonomy in China, compiled the first Higher Botany in China, and found Metasequoia glyptostroboides, a "living fossil" in China, and named it.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Botany (a branch of biology)