Is the employment situation of biotechnology major good?

1, the most scarce professional talent in all places.

(1) Some construction professionals are in short supply.

According to Beijing Youth Daily, the employment rate of Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture has reached 90%. Among postgraduate majors, the highest ratio of supply and demand is the municipal engineering major of urban construction department, with the ratio of supply and demand of1∶ 7.7; Among undergraduate majors, the highest ratio of supply and demand is urban gas engineering major of urban construction department, with the ratio of supply and demand of1∶ 6.7; Among the specialties, the majors with the highest supply-demand ratio are civil engineering and civil construction engineering, with the supply-demand ratio of 1∶6.5.

The 2008 Olympic Games made Beijing pay more attention to urban infrastructure construction, and all parts of the country are strengthening infrastructure construction and western development, providing architecture graduates with more employment space, better employment opportunities and a stage to display their talents.

(2) Lack of professionals in hydropower construction.

At present, there is only one university in China that can train professionals in hydropower construction, with the highest scientific research level in the world, but fewer and fewer students go to study. In recent years, only about 10 students can be recruited every year, and teachers are also losing year by year. At present, there are only 13 teachers in this major, and sometimes you can't even find a teacher.

In fact, graduates of this major are very easy to find jobs, and there are often dozens of units vying for a student. But hard working conditions and low wages make many students reluctant to go to construction sites.

(3) There is a big gap in information professionals.

Information technology talents are very popular, and college students are also hot; According to the news from Shanghai Electronic Information Vocational and Technical College and other universities, such graduates have been booked in advance before graduation. It is predicted that Shencheng will be short of at least 500,000 IT talents in five years. Information majors in other provinces and cities (autonomous regions) are also very popular.

It is also reported that at present, only less than 30 colleges and universities such as Tongji University Vocational College in Shencheng have information technology majors, and the number of graduates per year is less than 1 10,000. According to industry estimates, there is a gap of nearly 300,000 microelectronics talents in Shencheng at present, and the gap is more than 500,000 in addition to circuit analysis, electronic products, household appliances, communication, mobile communication and industrial microwave communication, which leads to the shortage of such graduates and is favored by many employers.

(4) Lack of numerical control talents.

A survey report completed by the National CNC System Engineering Technology Research Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in June 5438+ 10, 2002 shows that at present, each graduate majoring in CNC in Chinese universities usually has more than four jobs to choose from; The one-time employment rate of graduates is above 95%, and the monthly salary of mold technicians soars. Some mold technicians earn more than 300,000 yuan a year. China's manufacturing enterprises began to widely use advanced numerical control technology, but there is a shortage of electromechanical talents who master numerical control technology, including more than 600 thousand senior operators of numerical control machine tools.

(5) Geological specialty has great market potential.

With the adjustment of national economic structure, especially the implementation of the western development strategy, it provides unprecedented development opportunities for geological graduates. Due to various reasons, the enrollment scale of geological majors has not increased significantly, and even the enrollment of some majors has decreased. In contrast, the extremely limited market supply and huge market demand have formed a situation of short supply, which contains a huge potential employment market and broad development space, and geological graduates are extremely popular. For example, in 2002, the supply-demand ratio of graduates majoring in geology in China University of Geology was 1: 13.8 1, and the supply-demand ratio of graduates majoring in hydrogeology and engineering geology was 1: 1.26.

2. Comprehensive universities are uneven in heat and cold, with mixed feelings.

Judging from the employment situation of comprehensive university graduates this year, the demand for graduate students is in short supply, undergraduates are basically flat, the employment rate of junior college students and higher vocational students is low, and the overall employment situation is not as good as in previous years. However, the employment situation of different schools and majors is different. Generally speaking, science and engineering majors are greatly influenced by the international environment and industry development, but the employment situation of some professions in short supply in society is still not optimistic. Such as communication engineering, computer science and technology, bioinformatics, electronic information engineering, biotechnology, etc. Liberal arts majors have mixed feelings. Some traditional hot industries such as law, finance, economic management and journalism are in great demand, while the employment situation of political and ideological education, philosophy, history, archaeology and tourism management is not very good.

As for the employment situation in 2005, because it is the third year after the expansion of colleges and universities, the number of graduates has increased dramatically, and the employment pressure will be enormous. Some local comprehensive universities in underdeveloped areas, some long-term majors with less social needs and most college graduates will face a more severe situation. There are still many "bright spots" in the employment of comprehensive university graduates:

(1) China's economy has maintained a steady growth trend and become a hot investment spot in the world. In 2002, it attracted more foreign investment than the United States, ranking first in the world. An increase in investment means an increase in employment opportunities. At the same time, after China's accession to the WTO, it will be more open to foreign investment according to its WTO commitments, and more and more graduates will be employed in foreign-funded enterprises.

(2) The steady development of the financial industry is a major employment field for college graduates every year. The number of comprehensive college graduates flowing to financial institutions has steadily increased, and it is still a potential employment field.

(3) High-tech fields, especially integrated circuits, modern biology and medicine, communications, information and new materials. Great potential and employment space. With the recovery of IT industry, the demand for this kind of specialty will be even greater in 2005. The demand for journalism and law majors has further increased.

(4) The employment situation of graduates from basic disciplines such as mathematics, physics and chemistry will be improved because of their wide adaptability and sufficient stamina. The employment of graduates majoring in history, philosophy, sociology and political science will continue to decrease.

The dawn of agriculture and forestry specialty is just around the corner.

In recent years, the overall employment rate of agriculture and forestry majors is not high, and it is a relatively neglected group. However, graduates from prestigious schools still have great advantages, and the employment of agricultural and forestry graduates also follows the law that the education level is proportional to the employment rate. There are also obvious differences among majors: agricultural engineering and forest resources are better than tropical crops, tea science, economic forests, wild plants, forest tourism, marine fisheries and other majors. However, some experts predict that the strategic adjustment of China's industrial structure and the emphasis on the living environment will bring dawn to the employment of agriculture and forestry majors. Since 2003, the employment of agricultural majors has rebounded, and the prospects of forestry majors are promising.

The development of national economic situation, China's increasing concern for environmental issues after its entry into WTO and the increase of foreign investment not only greatly increase social demand, but also show bright prospects for the development of agriculture and forestry. Under the current situation, the favorable conditions for employment of agricultural and forestry graduates are:

First, the country attaches great importance to agriculture, and the three rural issues have always been the focus of the party and the government;

Second, traditional agriculture is changing to modern agriculture. With the adjustment of industrial structure, there is a great demand for agricultural professionals in society.

Third, with the rapid development of the national economy, the contradiction gap between urban and rural dual structure has narrowed, and the enthusiasm of graduates for employment in rural grassroots will gradually increase;

Fourth, after China's entry into WTO, the existing economic system is in line with the principles of international organizations, especially the expansion of agricultural products trade, and the social demand for talents in trade standards and legal standards in agricultural colleges will increase;

Fifth, with the reform of the national labor and personnel system, especially the household registration management system, employers with different economic types, different regions and different ownership systems will have more free choices for graduates in the job market.

Recently, the most sought-after agricultural and forestry graduates are compound talents. For example, professional knowledge plus foreign languages, professional knowledge plus management, professional knowledge plus economy, professional knowledge plus computers, etc.

4. The medical profession is enduring.

Medical specialty is a "sunrise industry", and the employment situation of medical specialty has been generally good for a long time. Last year's employment situation was that the employment rate of graduates was high and the situation was good. The supply and demand of undergraduate graduates are basically the same. The employment rate is related to majors, and it is relatively difficult for college graduates to find jobs. Traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy are in great demand, but long-term specialties such as acupuncture are cold. Judging from the flow of graduates, graduates tend to go to economically developed areas. On the one hand, due to the imbalance of economic development, economically developed cities and regions have a great demand for talents. On the other hand, the provinces and cities with high growth rate of pharmaceutical industry are mostly in the central and western regions, which have more development potential.

According to the analysis of relevant experts, the employment situation of medical majors this year can be summarized as follows: the employment of pharmaceutical graduates (adjusted to pharmacy, traditional Chinese medicine and pharmaceutical preparations) is generally optimistic, and the overall supply exceeds demand. First, the access system of ethnic medicine industry is relatively strict and will not be greatly affected by international competition. Second, the demand for talents in the pharmaceutical industry is stable and rising. In addition, the demand for professional and technical personnel such as pharmaceutical trade, distribution, inspection and medical information management will also increase. Pharmaceutical graduates are mainly absorbed by pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical companies.

There is a great demand for medical graduates in society, but there is a big gap in the demand for various majors. There is still a demand for clinical medical talents; The employment of basic medicine and nursing specialty is not ideal; The social demand for forensic doctors is limited; Preventive medicine and stomatology are promising in theory, but judging from the employment situation in recent years, it is very difficult.

In 2005, the places with the greatest employment potential for medical graduates were grass-roots and non-public medical institutions in large and medium-sized cities. However, there are some contradictions and difficulties in the expectation gap between graduates and employers.

5. The professional prospects of petroleum, geology and minerals are promising.

The analysis and summary of the employment work of the last college graduates by the relevant departments show that the overall employment situation of petroleum, geology and mining majors is good, but the structural contradictions are prominent, which are manifested in uneven hot and cold majors, insufficient students for industrial majors and hot demand for popular majors. For example, the traditional specialty of coal industry has a big gap between supply and demand, and employers often can't recruit people. The contradiction between high and low academic qualifications is prominent, graduate students are favored, undergraduate employment competition is fierce, and it is difficult for junior college students and higher vocational students to find jobs. The contradiction of inter-school grades is warmly welcomed by the employers of famous school graduates.

As far as petroleum, geology and mining are concerned, the contradiction between employers and graduates is more obvious and prominent. For example, female college students have more serious employment difficulties, and regional mobility is concentrated in the location of schools or economically developed areas. There is a great demand in the western region, but it is far from becoming a hot spot for employment. Therefore, the employment prospects of petroleum, geology and mining are promising this year.

(1) The oil industry has a large absorption capacity, and the oil major can maintain a high employment rate.

The employment trend of petroleum graduates is mainly in petroleum, petrochemical and offshore oil industries. After the adjustment and reorganization of enterprises in previous years, the demand for graduates in the petroleum system has steadily increased. The demand for Sinopec is around 5,000, which is mainly divided into two categories: petroleum exploration and development and chemical industry. Petroleum exploration and development, mainly oil fields, are mainly recruited from petroleum universities and geological universities. Chemical engineering majors such as polymer materials and applied chemistry are mainly recruited in comprehensive universities. In addition, mechanical and electrical instruments, management and legal talents are needed. The overall demand of PetroChina this year is the same as in previous years, mainly for major majors (oil exploration and development and refining), with students from the front line to scientific research units. With the need of marketization and market allocation of petroleum industry, talents in law and economy are also needed, and high-level talents such as master's degree and doctor's degree are lacking.

(2) Geological graduates have great employment market potential.

With the development of national economy and structural adjustment, especially the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, it provides unprecedented opportunities for the employment of geological graduates. On the one hand, the demand has increased, on the other hand, the enrollment scale of geological specialty has not increased significantly in recent years. In contrast, the extremely limited market supply is in sharp contrast to the large market demand, which provides a broad development space for graduates.

(3) Mining professionals are in short supply.

The teacher of the Employment Guidance Center of China University of Mining and Technology analyzed that the outstanding economy of China provided a good employment environment for graduates, especially the infrastructure construction and the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region. The demand for geological engineering, mining engineering, industrial engineering, safety engineering, mineral processing engineering and other geological and mineral professionals is increasing, and the employment path of geological and mineral graduates will be wider and wider.

According to another survey, there is a great demand for talents in the coal industry, but the number of employees in the coal industry will still decline. However, the current situation is that the number of technicians in coal enterprises has dropped sharply, and a great fault has appeared. The shortage of talents can no longer adapt to the grim situation faced by enterprises after China's entry into WTO, and talents have become a "bottleneck" restricting the development of coal industry. Coal enterprises expect more graduates majoring in geology and mineral resources to choose the coal industry for employment.

6. Normal talents are still welcome.

Looking back on the employment situation of normal college graduates last year, the overall evaluation is good, mainly in the high one-time employment rate, reasonable flow of graduates and smooth employment channels. In addition, there are several characteristics: the employment areas are relatively concentrated in coastal and economically developed areas; There are obvious differences in professional needs; Expectations do not match social needs, etc. The survey results show that in 2004, the employment of normal college graduates is still hot, but the competition in the job market will intensify:

(1) The "cold major" has picked up and the "hot major" has flourished.

After China's entry into WTO, it has promoted the development of related industries, and the demand for foreign language and foreign trade talents has increased within a few years. As a result, foreign language talents are becoming more and more popular, and the once unpopular economic majors are also heating up. In addition, with the reform of the college entrance examination system, there is a serious shortage of teachers in some disciplines, such as biology and geography, and graduates of these majors will be in great demand. With the introduction of computer and multimedia facilities into primary and secondary schools, graduates majoring in computer and audio-visual education will also become the darling of the job market. Recently, compared with other long-term majors with less social demand and greater employment pressure, the demand situation of normal graduates is relatively good, the employment difficulty is relatively small, and the employment rate is relatively high, especially for graduates from key normal universities.

(2) The employment focus of normal college graduates is still the education system, which has great employment potential.

In recent years and the next few years, the first choice for normal university graduates will still be the education department. Although the implementation of the teacher professional qualification certificate system will enable non-normal graduates to teach in schools, it will not have a great impact on normal university graduates in the short term. With the increase of national investment in education, it will provide more employment opportunities for graduates of normal universities. At the same time, with the implementation of the western development, the western region will become a huge teacher market. Of course, there are also differences in employment opportunities in different provinces and cities.

(3) Employment competition is becoming increasingly fierce.

The general situation of graduates majoring in normal universities is good, but from the perspective of development, the employment competition will become more and more fierce. First, because of the contradiction between the supply of graduates and the market demand for majors, some long-term majors are relatively surplus and the employment situation is grim; Second, the implementation of the teacher professional qualification system will make some non-normal graduates who are hard to find jobs join the competition in the education industry; Third, the national high school enrollment expansion slows down, and the demand for teachers will not increase significantly, which is in great contrast with the rapid increase of graduates after the enrollment expansion in colleges and universities, which will inevitably bring difficulties to the employment of normal graduates in 2003 and even in the following years, and the competition will inevitably become more intense.

7. The major of politics and law is still difficult to be optimistic.

At present, more than 400 colleges and universities in China offer law majors, with more than100000 students. Theoretically speaking, in a country as big as China, with the rapid development of market economy and the acceleration of the process of rule of law, the social demand for political and legal talents should increase greatly, and political and legal graduates should not have employment difficulties. However, in fact, judging from the employment situation in recent years, the graduation situation of the five major universities of political science and law and famous universities such as Peking University, Tsinghua and People's Congress is not bad, while the employment situation of political science and law graduates from other non-key and non-famous universities is not good. The high expectations of the supply and demand sides and the imperfect employment mechanism are the main reasons for the employment bottleneck. It is predicted that the employment situation of political and legal graduates this year is not optimistic.

(1) The overall employment pressure is high.

Judging from the employment situation of political science and law graduates in the past, the employment industry is mainly state organs and institutions, and most of them are located in schools and their surrounding areas and economically developed areas such as Guangdong. Of course, like other majors, more and more students are taking the postgraduate entrance examination or going abroad for further study. However, with the deepening of the streamlining process of party and government organs at all levels, the ability of organs to absorb graduates from political and legal colleges has declined. On the other hand, the demand of cities and regions with relatively developed economies is relatively saturated, while the concept of talents in the central and western regions with huge market potential has not really formed, and the importance and actual strength of introducing law graduates are not enough. Therefore, it has caused certain difficulties for graduates to find jobs and even faced greater pressure than before.

(2) The employment competition is more intense.

The gap between the number of graduates and jobs, and the contradiction between graduates and employers' expectations are one of the factors that cause fierce competition. At the same time, the internal changes of politics and law are also an influencing factor. The adjustment of majors is conducive to the all-round development of students, but on the other hand, it also intensifies the employment competition of students. The competition among graduates is the competition of comprehensive quality and strength.

(3) The employment flow will be further dispersed.

The dispersion of employment flow, from the perspective of industry trends, has been concentrated in state organs and institutions in the past and expanded to a larger employment space for enterprises. Geographically, with the implementation of the western development strategy, the reduction of demand in economically developed areas will inevitably spread to relatively scarce areas. The further warming of postgraduate entrance examination and study abroad is also a diversion that cannot be ignored.

8. Electronic information majors are somewhat helpless.

The employment of electronic information graduates once had a dazzling brilliance. This year, the employment of graduates is facing unprecedented pressure. Although after several struggles, the final employment rate of graduates from top electronic universities in China has reached more than 90%, but most similar graduates from ordinary universities are far behind. Employment difficulties are mainly due to the decline of related industries, and there is no trend of going out of the trough recently. On the other hand, during the enrollment expansion of 1999 colleges and universities, almost all colleges and universities set up computer or electronic majors. Therefore, there is a huge gap between the rapidly growing number of graduates and the market absorption capacity, which increases the employment pressure. It can be predicted that the employment demand of electronic graduates will not return to the level of 200 1 this year, and the employment level tends to focus on the master's degree. The demand of undergraduates will be quite dull, and the dilemma of oversupply of junior college students will continue.

(1) The employment dilemma of electronic graduates.

Electronic graduates will still encounter great difficulties this year. First, the industry downturn directly affects the ability to absorb graduates. Many well-known enterprises will not recruit or rarely recruit undergraduates. Secondly, the increase in the number of suppliers is not only a substantial increase in the number of undergraduate graduates, but also the employment of the first batch of graduate students, which adds another layer of pressure to the employment of undergraduate students. Third, the industry layout is unbalanced, mainly concentrated in Beijing and Shanghai and some coastal cities. For example, Beijing and Shanghai regard the electronic information industry as a pillar industry, and the electronic information enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and a few western cities are relatively concentrated, which makes the flow of graduates concentrated and leads to more intense competition in these areas.

(2) update the concept of employment to meet the market demand.

The employment difficulties of electronic information graduates are mainly in big cities and hot areas, and graduates have high expectations. Facing the situation that the employment market is changing from seller's market to buyer's market, graduates should change their job-hunting mentality, take the market as the guide, and avoid over-concentration of employment areas and fields. Small and medium-sized cities and western cities are often in a situation of "lack of people". Small and medium-sized enterprises and unknown companies are still eager for talents, so graduates have great potential and development opportunities. Then, we should avoid the shackles of one step, first find a job and then choose a job, first survive and then develop, and face the employment difficulties with a pragmatic and feasible attitude. Dawn is just around the corner