Why can you kill a civilian by exposing the last words of Emperor Chongzhen?

Lead: Zhu Youjian knew these were "hindsight" and ignored them. He bowed his head and wrote twelve words on the imperial case, so that Wang Zhixin, the eunuch standing to the side, looked at it and then erased it. It is said that six of the words are "civil servants can kill everyone". In the emperor's mind, it is a bad thing that state affairs are in the hands of these civil servants.

Zhu Youjian, emperor of Zong Yi in Ming Dynasty, was the 16 th emperor of Ming Dynasty. Guangzong's fifth son, Ming Xizong's half brother, his mother is Liu's wife. 1622 was awarded the title of king of faith. 1627 to 1644 reigned during the Chongzhen period.

After Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, he vigorously eradicated eunuchs, was diligent in political affairs, and was frugal, committing six crimes against himself. He is a promising young emperor. During his reign, the peasant uprising was rampant, and the situation in the Qing Dynasty was in chaos, which was already at the crossroads of internal and external troubles. 1644, after Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he hanged himself in Jingshan Park and died for his country. It follows the ancestral motto of the Ming emperor, that is, "the emperor should defend the country and the king should die for it." He is 33 years old and has been in office for 17 years.

After Zhu Youjian's death, the temple was named Zong Yi and Huaizong. In the Qing Dynasty, posthumous title kept the Tao and respected frugality, and taught Wu Tiren to be the fierce emperor of Xiao Zhuang. Emperor Nanming went to posthumous title, where the road was simple and frugal, and Wu Dunren was loyal to Emperor Xiao. There are also four spirits buried in the Ming Tombs.

Xizong died in August 1627. Because he had no children, he was ordered to succeed to the throne on the fourth day of the same month, at the age of eighteen. In the second year, the title was changed to "Chongzhen". After Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, facing the crisis-ridden political situation, he eagerly sought a good way to govern the country, worked hard on government affairs and did everything himself. Compared with the previous two dynasties, the state administration has changed obviously. Zhu Youjian worked hard all his life, ate supper, tried the throne day and night, was frugal and self-disciplined, and didn't like women. He lives in toil, fear, pain, irritability and anxiety every day. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, on the ninth day of July, Emperor Chongzhen was temporarily exempted from the early dynasty because of "minor illness", but he was criticized by the assistant ministers. Emperor Chongzhen hurriedly introspected. At one time, the Ming room revived.

At the same time, Zhu Youjian vigorously removed eunuchs. In November of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Zhu Youjian took the opportunity to uproot Wei Zhongxian's wings, leaving Wei Zhongxian in an isolated situation. Then the imperial edict demoted Fengyang, Wei Zhongxian and Shouling, and Xuanzhi ordered them to be arrested and dealt with. After he hanged himself, he ordered the body to be buried in the river. Since then, more than 260 eunuchs have been executed and sent to garrison or life imprisonment, which has dealt a fatal blow to the arrogant eunuchs. Correct the unjust prison and re-enable the officials who were dismissed during the apocalypse. Yuan Chonghuan was appointed minister of the Ministry of War, and was awarded the sword of Fang, entrusted with the important task of recovering the whole Liao country. Compared with the previous two dynasties, the state administration has changed obviously.

Zhu Youjian is eager to seek treatment and hopes to make a difference. However, due to many contradictions and accumulated disadvantages, it is impossible to fundamentally improve the political situation in a short time. He increased taxes, increased the number of troops, made every effort to prevent the late Jin regime that ruled the Northeast, and suppressed the peasant army headed by Li Zicheng and Zhang. Dissatisfied with the foreign minister, Zhu Youjian reused another group of eunuchs after getting rid of the eunuchs headed by Wei Zhongxian. Give eunuchs the power to supervise the army and prefect the Beijing camp. A large number of eunuchs were sent to local towns, above the local governors. Even the eunuch was appointed as the prime minister of the industrial and commercial office, and the minister of the industrial and commercial office was put aside, which led to the growing power of eunuchs and more and more contradictions within the ruling group. In despair, he kept quoting

For Zhu Youjian, the first ten days of March in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen was the last hard day. While recruiting "hard-working" teachers from all sides, we should also raise our wages. One way is that criminal bureaucrats held in prisons can make amends by donating their wages; The second way is that all royalty and senior bureaucrats donate their salaries according to their official ranks and ranks. The former seems to have some effect, because it can offset the charges, so-called "spending money to eliminate disasters." The latter is almost ineffective because it is a free donation. Only eunuchs around the emperor, such as Wang, donated 52,000 yuan for his charity.

The rest of the senior bureaucrats are like "iron cocks"-penniless. Minister Wei Zaode only symbolically donated five hundred and twenty pieces of silver. Chen Yan, the minister, pretended to be poor in front of the emperor, claiming that he was always clean, never asked for bribes to sell officials, and never donated a silver or two. Those royal family members are rich, but they are stingy and refuse to contribute to the country. The emperor sent eunuchs to raise money from his father-in-law Zhou Kui. Zhou Kui never let go. He was so angry that the eunuch left a sentence: the old royal family was so stingy that the tide was gone! What's the use of your savings if you lose your land?

Eunuch Wang Zhixin is a famous rich man in Kyoto. The emperor raised money for him and reluctantly donated twelve thousand pieces of silver. The eunuchs who earned enough money in the imperial court tried their best to put up an advertisement on their house "This house is for sale" and set up stalls to sell antiques and sundries, as if they were poor enough to sell SARS. These royal minions even grumbled and wrote a doggerel on the palace gate: "There is no one here, but there is someone here." It shows that the Ming dynasty is at the end of the road, and there is no cohesion at all. Those who were attached to the Ming Dynasty and were in the ascendant had already left Germany. They are not without money, but indifferent to the demise of the dynasty. Later, the peasant army captured Beijing and "plundered and hunted". Under the threat of severe punishment, Wang Zhixin took out 65,438+002,000 taels of silver and 42,000 taels of silver, and the peasant army copied 502,000 taels of silver from Zhou Kui's house.

This is an ominous sign that a dynasty is about to die.

At this point, Zhu Youjian can only do his best. On the one hand, I felt the corruption of bureaucrats and issued a decree to the Sixth Ministry and the Duchayuan. On the other hand, in order to win the hearts of the people, he issued an Amnesty order to the whole world, and made a profound review of his achievements in 17:

In seventeen years, the war between Liaodong and the Central Plains was a last resort. After years of fighting, taxes and factions increased. The original intention was to appease the people. As a result, the burden on the people has increased. This is my fault.

A corrupt official took the opportunity to plunder and exploit, making people's livelihood miserable. It's my fault that I didn't observe it in the inner palace.

The generals are weak, the soldiers are arrogant and desperately refuse to kill the enemy. On the contrary, they burned and plundered people and regarded them as enemies. I appointed a non-human person, which caused the ulcer to fester. This is my fault.

After sighing and hating, I had to blame myself and tell the people that the military and horses have come to be diligent and the tax increase is exempted. All things that have caused inconvenience to the people have been cancelled, and a new situation should be created. I hope Niu Jinxing, Liu Zongmin and others who follow Li Zicheng will be pardoned and not investigated. He also said that after the unrest subsided, we must appoint talented people to govern the country, reform the corrupt politics in the past, and reform with everyone.

These words reveal Zhu Youjian's eagerness to save the situation, which can't be said to be insincere, but after all, it is too late to help. Tan, a historian in the early Qing Dynasty, commented that if this imperial edict was promulgated last year, people from far and near would be moved by it. Now that the situation has changed greatly, disaster will come at any time, and it is very dangerous to leave Beijing. Who would believe it?

12 in March, the peasant army approached the suburbs of Beijing, and the ruling and opposition parties shook. Zhu Youjian called the minister to ask for countermeasures, but everyone could do nothing but say something irrelevant, such as closing the city gate and forbidding entry. The next day, he held another headquarters meeting, and no one said anything. He was so angry that he cursed the Ministry of War Zhang Shangshu for dereliction of duty. Zhang simply slapped his gauze cap and begged to be dismissed from office. What is the way out for this mentality except doing nothing?