The employment direction of single chip microcomputer

I think all the people who read this post are electronic enthusiasts or students majoring in electrical engineering. I don't know what stage everyone is at. This post is for beginners. Solve a problem: what electronic knowledge should beginners focus on in college and how to learn it?

Say something that seems to be beside the point-three fallacies.

Myth 1: High school teachers often tell us that if we study hard now, it will be easy for us to get into college and have fun as we please. This is nonsense. I don't know other majors, such as electricity, electronics, electric power, communication, automation, etc. It is impossible to relax (of course you are a genius). For most people, what is said in professional classes is a fog, and it is always a little knowledge, which requires you to spend a lot of time and energy to digest after class. Some things even take you years to realize at work: "Oh, that thing I learned before is for this purpose." You should be able to remember and know how to go back and make up, even if you have learned a solid professional course at school.

Myth 2: When volunteering, we are often told that the major is not important, and the school is the most important. Only when we enter a good school can we learn what we want to learn. This is also nonsense. After entering the school, you may be overwhelmed by this major. How many people still have time and perseverance to take the second major? And your major almost determines your future career. There are also schools. To be honest, I don't think there is much difference between schools at the undergraduate level. Classes are almost the same, and there won't be any good teachers to give you separate counseling and guidance after class. If you can meet them, you will be lucky. The better the school, the busier the teacher. Don't expect them to spend much time on teaching, let alone show special respect to you. On the contrary, some teachers in ordinary colleges and universities may be closer to students and give more guidance. Although it may be average, it is still enough for your college study. To sum up, I think it is more important for an electronics enthusiast to be an electronics major in an ordinary key university than a philosophy major in Peking University. Of course, most people who read posts should study electricity. Congratulations, this major is good. Although it is not a "sunrise industry", it is definitely an "evergreen industry".

Myth 3: When you go to college, many people may tell you that it doesn't matter what major you study in college. The key is to learn computer and English well, so you won't worry about not finding a good job. This is also nonsense. You should be clear: you will not make a living only by English in the future, nor will you do programming, software development or animation creation. What I want to say is: If you are introverted and calm, willing to learn and love the electronics industry, and want to engage in electronic design and research and development in the future, then you must learn professional courses well. Of course, English is also very important, but in the future, you will use your professional English more, that is, you will read English technical documents, instead of speaking to others more fluently than you. As for the computer, it is a tool. Don't spend too much time learning popular software such as photoshop, 3dmax, Flash, and web page making. These are unnecessary in your future work, and will also involve a lot of time and energy. Good steel is used in the blade, so go into the laboratory and build more circuits. Of course, electrical students also have special requirements for computers, that is, using familiar Protel,

Multisim, learning assembly language, C language, choosing PLD related software. The task is also very heavy.

The above three fallacies, get down to business. So what should I learn in these four years after entering the university to study electrical engineering?

First of all, we should understand that the electrical specialty can be divided into two directions: strong current and weak current. Specifically, electrical engineering and its automation major (power system, power supply and distribution in factories, etc. ) belongs to strong electricity, and the major of electrical engineering and automation is mainly strong electricity, supplemented by weak electricity, and the major of electronics, communication and automation is mainly weak electricity. Other further subdivisions will not be divided until the postgraduate stage. But whether it is strong or weak, the foundation is the same.

First of all, we should learn advanced mathematics well, which will be used in professional courses in different directions in the future, such as signal processing, electromagnetic field, power system and DSP.

The most important basic courses are circuit analysis, analog circuits and digital circuits. We must learn these three courses well. These three courses are generally offered from the last semester of junior year to the last semester of junior year. For most students who don't know much about electronic knowledge, they are generally in a daze. So it is best to read one or two books that comprehensively introduce electronic knowledge before or at the same time. You don't need to know everything in the book, just have a general feeling.

The choice of this kind of introductory reading is very important. If you don't understand, you may lose interest or get hit hard, but it backfires. Here, I recommend a book "Electronic Design from scratch" (edited by Yang Xin and published by Tsinghua University Publishing House), which systematically and comprehensively introduces the basic knowledge of electronic design and manufacture, including analog electricity, digital electricity, single chip microcomputer and Multisim circuit simulation software. , and a book with basic knowledge in hand. The key is easy to understand and interesting. In addition, a set of small format (32 format) e-books introduced and published by Science Press is also good, written in Japanese, translated and published by Science Press, with more and simpler illustrations, but this series has more volumes and more detailed contents.

Besides reading, we should pay enough attention to hands-on practice. Circuit, analog electricity and digital electricity will be carried out simultaneously with some course experiments. Cherish this opportunity to do it well, don't take it as a task. Just like copying homework, copying other people's experimental results is also a common practice in colleges and universities, especially in groups of several people, that is, some people are diligent and eager to learn, while others are waiting for the results aimlessly.

I just want to say that the result of your own efforts is sweet, and that sense of accomplishment will make you full and satisfied. Idle hands, when looking for a job near graduation or trying at work, the great fear inside will make you regret it. There are too many such lessons. How many times have we wasted years before coming back to regret it? In addition to preparing for experimental classes, many schools have open laboratories for students to do voluntarily after class. Cherish this resource and condition, no one will provide you with this free lunch after work.

Of course, some schools do not have such good conditions or lack of equipment, so students can simulate a test platform on the computer, that is, learn to use Multisim software well. Multisim is a kind of circuit simulation software. I called it EWB when I was at school, and later it was renamed Multisim200 1, Multisim7 and Multisim8 with the version update. The software can simulate and build various analog circuits and digital circuits, and observe and analyze the simulation results of the circuits. You can simulate the circuits learned in analog and digital electricity in this software to increase your perceptual knowledge. Before and after the experiment, they can also simulate the test circuit in the software to see how different it is from the actual test results. It can be said that as long as you study electricity, this small software is what you must master when you go to school, which is of great help to your study. Another software that must be mastered is protel.

In school, from the comprehensive design experiment of primary school to graduation design, you will be asked to draw the circuit schematic diagram and PCB version of the design with Protel at last; Protel is also a basic skill that you must master after work. Some students may simply use this software to draw boards within one or two years after graduation. Protel version has also gone through the development path of Protel98, Protel99, Protel99SE, ProtelDXP and Protel2004. Protel99SE, ProtelDXP and Protel2004 are the most widely used versions. At present, Protel99SE is still used by many school teachers or company engineers. Of course, as a new self-learner, it seems better to learn directly from Protel2004.

To sum up, Multisim and Protel, as the most basic EDA (Electronic Design Automation) software, must be mastered by all electrical students in school. Others, such as Pspice, Orcad, SYstemview, MATLAB, QuartusII, etc. , you need to choose according to different professional directions, or use it for key study after entering the postgraduate stage or work. Are Multisim and Protel studious? Getting started should be no problem. Let brothers and sisters guide you, or find one or two introductory books to read. Here I recommend a book "Circuit Design and Simulation-Based on Multisim 8 and Protel 2004" (also edited by Yang Xin and published by Tsinghua Publishing House), which is quite good as an introduction to these two softwares. The point is that a book contains two softwares to learn, which is more cost-effective for poor students. If you spend money to buy two books to learn these two softwares separately, it is not worth it, because it is not difficult to get started with Multisim. In addition, drawing PCB with Protel is very knowledgeable, so you need to read more technical documents or buy an advanced application book.

2. Junior and senior (study specialized courses and try to apply)

Entering senior three involves the study of specialized courses. This paper only discusses the specialized courses focusing on application, and I will not mention other specialized courses focusing on theory and calculation, such as power system analysis, electrical engineering, automatic control principle, signal and processing, high voltage, electromagnetic field and so on. Of course, these courses are very important and troublesome for you to develop into a research talent in the future. If you have any suggestions, you can only say that you study hard, study hard, and know as little as possible (but don't expect to know everything). You can come back to make up for it when you need it in your future work or further study. At that time, if you have more work experience or contact with perceptual knowledge, you may learn more easily.

What specialized courses are there that focus on application? Different majors have different courses, so it is difficult to cover everything. Here is a brief list of microcomputer principle and interface technology (also known as single chip microcomputer), switching power supply design, programmable logic device (PLD) application, programmable logic control (PLC) application, frequency converter application, communication circuit, digital integrated circuit analysis and design, DSP, embedded and so on. Some students may ask: It's not easy to learn all this in college, is it? The answer is not only difficult, but also impossible. These technologies are a complex set of knowledge. It can be said that as long as you master one of them, you can find a good job outside.

Moreover, in the university stage, it is not necessary to learn all these courses, but to choose several courses according to different professional directions (which ones to choose, and study their own professional training programs and consulting teachers), and strive for active basic usage when learning, and the real application and deepening are after work; Of course, if you are diligent or talented and can master a certain subject to the degree of developing products, it will be easy to find a good job after graduation. It needs to be clear here that there is a lot of knowledge in the field of electronics, so there are more employees in companies generally engaged in hardware. A research and development project is completed by many people, so we often hear the word team consciousness. Because a person's ability is limited, it is impossible to master all the knowledge. For example, some people specialize in driving, some people specialize in logic design, some people specialize in high-frequency wireless, some people specialize in testing, some people specialize in designing shells, some people specialize in designing circuit boards, and so on.

Seeing that some students here may have big heads: what should I study in college? To tell the truth, writing here is getting bigger and bigger. There are too many things involved in electronic design to be explained clearly in an article or even a book. So I decided to get rid of these unfamiliar course names and talk about the basic professional skills that I think an electrical major student or a self-taught person who wants to become an electronic engineer should master.

Now it should be said that the single chip microcomputer doesn't know that this is a rather serious problem. The knowledge and application skills of single chip microcomputer have become a necessary problem in job interview. However, it is difficult to start with the knowledge of single chip microcomputer, but if you read "5 1 Single chip microcomputer application starts from scratch" (edited by Tsinghua University Press, Liu and Yang Xin), you won't feel this way. This is a basic and applied course of single chip microcomputer that middle school students can understand. This course embodies the painstaking efforts of teachers who stand in the front line of scientific research and teaching in several key universities in China, and is also guided by many doctoral tutors in world-renowned universities such as Cambridge University, Oxford University, London Imperial College London, London University and Cardiff University. After careful tailoring by many scholars, the context, clues and contents of this book really meet the needs of readers to learn single chip microcomputer.

"5 1 Single Chip Microcomputer Application from scratch" is told in vivid and plain language. The professional vocabulary that constantly emerges in the process of single chip microcomputer learning can be mastered unconsciously through various applications as far as possible. This book does not use professional description methods to describe knowledge points. But to tell the whole story in the form of "telling stories".

Pay great attention to the foundation of basic knowledge. Before learning single chip microcomputer, you need to have a certain understanding of computer principles and electronic technology. Considering the different knowledge backgrounds of different readers, this book integrates these two basic theories into the explanation of single chip microcomputer, so that it will not feel any obstacles when reading.

A comprehensive learning support system has been established. The "Example Description" at the end of each chapter not only consolidates the learning knowledge of each chapter, but also broadens the field of application of single chip microcomputer. Coupled with the "device introduction" link, the knowledge of single chip microcomputer from basic to application needs is supplemented; And the rich appendix content can be used as a powerful reference for learning and applying single chip microcomputer. This builds a complete support system for learning single chip microcomputer.

It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. There are a lot of examples in the book, which can be used for MCU experiment and curriculum design. But more importantly, these examples are accompanied by careful explanations, and one example can clarify the ins and outs.

The content of the narrative is comprehensive, novel and authoritative. Explain in strict accordance with the official technical reference of single chip microcomputer, including all the basic knowledge needed for learning and applying 5 1 single chip microcomputer. Both content and examples are the mainstream of SCM application in the world.

This book is flawless. Although each chapter has its own title, it is actually interrelated. If this connection is ignored in the book, it will hinder understanding and memory. There are many mutual mappings of knowledge points in the text of this book, which can not only deepen the connection between the contents before and after, but also deepen understanding and memory.

I think besides the circuit analysis, analog circuit, digital circuit and single chip microcomputer mentioned at the beginning, we should also understand and master the identification and selection of electronic components, the use of basic instruments and meters, the analysis and design of some common circuit modules, the application of single chip microcomputer, the application of PLD, the application of simulation software, the design and manufacture of circuit boards, electronic measurement and circuit testing.

Needless to say, the identification and use of electronic components is the basis of element level, but it is not easy to master it well. After graduation, some students majoring in electronics still can't recognize diodes and triodes, and can't tell the positive and negative poles of electrolytic capacitors. , and it is not without things. Still in a word, go to the lab more, run the electronic market more, and read more books.

The use of instruments and meters, you will at least use digital multimeter, waveform generator, power supply, oscilloscope, small motor, single chip microcomputer simulator in college experimental classes, at least understand the wiring methods and usage of these things.

Commonly used circuit modules are also all-inclusive, including various amplifier circuits, comparators, AD conversion circuits, DA conversion circuits, difference channel, integration circuits, various digital logic unit circuits and so on. I can only say that I have a general understanding and learned how to check data, chips and pins. The most basic thing is to be familiar with all kinds of chips used in experiments or curriculum design.

Single-chip microcomputer, this should be mastered. At present, there are many kinds of single-chip microcomputer, but 5 1 series single-chip microcomputer is the most widely used in enterprises of all sizes, and it is cheap and has the most complete learning materials, so it is recommended to self-learners. Of course, different schools teach different models of single-chip computers. It doesn't matter. It's easy to learn a single-chip computer programming and then learn other single-chip computers.

PLD (Programmable Logic Device) is an integrated circuit chip, which can be programmed by users and realize certain logic functions. The function setting of programmable logic device (that is, what function it wants to achieve) should be realized by the designer through programming with the help of development tools, similar to single chip microcomputer. The development tool can learn Quartus II software of Altera (this is the fourth generation PLD development software of Altera, and the third generation is MAX+PLUS II software). Programming language learning hardware description language VHDL or Verilog HDL.

The most basic simulation software is Multisim mentioned above, and you can also learn MATLAB. Other testing majors choose to study or study after work. The design and manufacture of circuit board mainly rely on Protel software. This has been introduced before, and readers should be familiar with it.

Finally, it is suggested that students actively participate in a competition, a project with various electronic competitions, so that the process of an electronic design can be linked with the basic knowledge of each link, which is of great benefit to the integration of knowledge and future work.

I've talked about all this in general terms, but there is still a lot to learn further. Again, read more and practice more! Tsinghua University Publishing House has a series of tutorials on electronic circuits step by step, which is based on the ideas I mentioned above. Unfortunately, it seems incomplete. Now it seems that there are only a few books: Application of Single Chip Microcomputer in Electronic Circuit Design, Course of Circuit Design and Board Making Application-PROETL, Course of Simulation Software-Multisim and MATLAB, Guide to Analysis and Design of Common Circuit Modules. In addition, listen to your teachers, brothers and sisters and ask them what books they should read. Of course, you can't believe everything. When you open a book, I think you should see if it is popular and want to know how much you can understand. I think it is worth reading if I can spend five minutes to understand this book to show my current knowledge. I don't need to read too simple books, and I don't want to read too profound books. It also hurt my self-confidence and lost interest.

Ok, don't write. Originally, I was going to write a bibliography recommendation, but what's the point of listing a bunch of bibliographies? Let's write these words down and let students think, choose and go deep. I hope it helps you.

The last cliche is also my sore point: four years of college have passed quickly, and there are too many things to learn. Don't waste your time. Work hard in time, time waits for no one!