In the long run, what major should we choose to develop better now? The college entrance examination is over, and I haven't chosen a suitable major yet. I hope good people can guide me.

Several science and engineering majors with bright future employment prospects

You can search for articles in this field on the Internet. )

After the college entrance examination, I accidentally saw the introduction of small majors that people didn't know or were unknown on Sina. After careful consideration, I chose a few of them for discussion and future practice. In addition, several new disciplines that are scarce and rising in the recruitment market in recent years have been added. These subjects are not entirely the patents of key universities such as 985, 2 1 1, and some ordinary colleges and even some characteristic schools of two or three colleges (in red font below) are also among them, which is also beneficial for candidates at all levels to refer to when applying for the exam. Please refer to the end of the analysis of each major below for the specific college name. In the university's major setting, some majors, such as Chinese language and literature, computer technology, science and so on, are well known by many candidates and parents because of the large number of colleges and students. But at the same time, there are some majors, only dozens or even more colleges. Compared with the former category, they are "weak books". From the name, they can't understand what this major is studying and what kind of work they will do after graduation. These "small majors" are unknown to everyone. Only after some in-depth discussion can we understand what these majors study and do. Although the popularity of these majors is only spread among some people, they all have specific talent training directions, and some are even tailored for certain industries and industries involved in national institutions. Therefore, when the graduation season comes, students majoring in this major will be pleasantly surprised to find that there is a vast employment space.

1, invisible protective wall-scientific and technological defense

With the vigorous development of the third scientific and technological revolution, the development of high technology in the world today has had a great impact on scientific and technological progress and economic development. The rapid development of science and technology makes countries, enterprises and even individuals pay more attention to the importance of safety. It can be said that we have entered a new era of using science and technology for security defense.

Science, technology and national defense major is a major in safeguarding the security of the country and enterprises. Different from the familiar military specialty, the science and technology defense specialty focuses on the contest of "soft power". As a relatively new major, science and technology defense "mixes" the most popular computer disciplines and electronic information disciplines, and at the same time increases the contents of law and criminology.

Students in this major will study a wide range of courses in four years, such as electronic technology, computer application, network foundation, psychology, introduction to security and defense, foreign security and defense, criminal law, economic law, foreign laws and regulations, enterprise security management, information science and so on. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that this major is mainly to train senior technical personnel in information security and network security protection.

There are two ways out for national defense students in science and technology after graduation. Some students with high comprehensive quality can enter state organs and engage in national security-related work through selection and assessment. Most students will go to the modern safety supervisor of large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions to assist the safety work of daily operation and management of enterprises (such as human resources, finance, key parts, important documents, important facilities, etc.). ), engaged in the establishment, maintenance, use and management of defense systems in modern enterprises and institutions.

With the progress of information technology, information security plays an irreplaceable role in the normal operation of enterprises, so this major is more and more recognized and valued by enterprises. At present, there is still a certain gap between social demand and talent supply, which ensures the potential development of science and technology defense specialty.

Institutions in related disciplines: Beijing Institute of Electronic Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Shandong University, Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Sichuan University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, xidian university, People's Public Security University of China, etc.

2. Unusual Fashion Phantom-Nonwovens and Engineering

Everyone is familiar with paper and cloth, which are the living materials we come into contact with every day. However, you may not be familiar with non-woven fabrics. In fact, this substance has already penetrated into the lives of thousands of families. The so-called nonwovens, also known as nonwovens, nonwovens, nonwovens or nonwovens, such as mother's mask paper, daily wet tissues, and some bags made of PU leather, are all made of nonwovens.

Knowing nonwovens, we can easily understand what we have studied and studied in this major. The training goal of this major is naturally to hope that you can engage in scientific research, technology development, process and equipment design, environmental protection, domestic and foreign trade, product design and new product development in the field of nonwoven materials and product manufacturing through four years of study in university. At present, the development of nonwovens in China is far less than that of textile materials, and there is also a big talent gap in high-end talents.

The course of nonwovens and engineering embodies the concept and characteristics of interdisciplinary, multi-industry integration and multi-field application. Around the center of "nonwovens", compulsory courses such as nonwovens, nonwovens, functional fibers and their applications, composite materials and nonwovens finishing are offered, and some knowledge of polymer chemistry, physics and other related disciplines is also studied. Because this major emphasizes industrial application, nonwovens engineering design, nonwovens product quality and testing, and textile e-commerce are also very important courses in this major. Nonwoven materials and engineering is an engineering major, which inherits the characteristics of great academic pressure and rigorous study. It really takes a lot of effort to learn well.

Because the industry corresponding to this major is still developing, the employment environment is still relatively optimistic. There are many nonwoven companies in China, Shanghai, Shandong and Jiangsu. Every year, a large number of highly educated talents are needed to engage in the research and development, inspection and marketing of materials, which are the stage for students who are eager to show their talents. In addition, government departments, commodity inspection and customs or related scientific research institutes also need professionals in this field.

Institutions of related majors: Donghua University, tianjin polytechnic university, wuhan textile University, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xi 'an Engineering University, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Anhui Engineering University, Henan Polytechnic University, etc.

3, light source and lighting (undergraduate)

Light source and lighting specialty is an interdisciplinary subject that brings light to mankind. Usually set up in the School of Information and Communication Engineering, there are two major directions: "semiconductor lighting materials and devices" and "semiconductor lighting engineering applications". In 2009, tianjin polytechnic university applied for the establishment of an undergraduate major in light source and lighting. The school became the first university in China to offer this major and train semiconductor lighting technical talents.

4, light chemical industry (undergraduate)

The major of light chemical industry involves basic industry and raw material industry, and occupies an important position in the national economy, such as pulping and papermaking, fine chemical industry, textile dyeing and finishing, leather and so on. The content of the study is mainly aimed at the theory and technological principle of processing textiles, leather, paper and cigarettes by chemical, physical and mechanical methods with various natural resources and products as raw materials. At present, Donghua University, Qingdao University, East China University of Science and Technology, tianjin polytechnic university, Nanjing University of Technology, Suzhou University and other universities have set up this major.

5. Biosafety, the safety barrier of genetic modification.

With the rapid development of biological science, more and more genetically engineered biological products appear in our lives. On the one hand, these products enrich our lives, but on the other hand, they also hide some potential dangers. In order to let people use genetically modified products with more peace of mind, biosafety specialty came into being to train inspection and quarantine talents of genetically modified biological products.

Biosafety in a narrow sense refers to the research, development and application of modern biotechnology, and the potential adverse effects of transnational transfer of genetically modified organisms on biodiversity, ecological environment and human health. In a broad sense, it refers to the harm or potential risk caused by various factors related to biology to society, economy, human health and ecosystem.

Biosafety simply means whether organisms are safe for people, and generally refers to whether organisms are still safe for people after genetic engineering. Biosafety is a marginal problem, and it is also a cross-cutting part of various disciplines. This major cultivates the basic theories, knowledge, skills and related technologies of biosafety science. Can be engaged in teaching, scientific research, production, supervision, law enforcement and management in customs and ports, animal and plant quarantine, national security departments, animal epidemic prevention, environmental protection, foreign trade and other related departments or units. Generally speaking, the courses offered include biosafety law, zoology, botany, microbiology, ecology and so on. , slightly different due to the setting of colleges and universities.

Some people think that this major is too far away from life, but in practice, many departments and personnel are engaged in biosafety-related majors, such as China's entry-exit inspection and quarantine bureaus at all levels, which are responsible for animal and plant health quarantine to prevent dangerous organisms from entering China. All countries in the world have relevant institutions, such as domestic quarantine stations at all levels, food testing institutions and so on.

Institutions of related majors: Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Hunan Agricultural University, etc.

6. New energy materials and equipment

This major is a new major in 20 1 1, focusing on the research and development of a new generation of high-performance green energy materials, technologies and devices (such as power supplies in the fields of communications, automobiles and medical care), and developing the academic research direction of "new energy materials" (new lithium-ion battery materials, new fuel battery materials and new solar battery materials).

The specialty of new energy materials and devices is mainly chemical engineering college, which spans many disciplines such as energy science, material science and chemistry. It is planned to train new energy materials professionals who can master the basic theory, basic knowledge and engineering skills of new energy materials, master the testing techniques and analysis methods of composition, structure and performance of new energy materials, understand the scientific development direction of new energy materials, and have the basic ability to develop new energy materials, study new processes and improve and improve the performance of materials. Graduates can engage in scientific research and teaching, technology development, process design and other aspects in the field of new energy materials such as chemical energy, solar energy and energy storage materials, and can also continue to study for advanced professional degrees in new energy materials and related disciplines.

This major trains compound talents who meet the needs of national strategic emerging industries, have a solid foundation in materials, physics, chemistry, electronics, machinery and other disciplines, and systematically master the basic theories and skills of new energy materials, new energy device design and manufacturing technology, testing technology and quality evaluation, new energy systems and engineering. Graduates of this major are suitable to engage in research, technology development, process and device design and related management in national strategic emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, new energy vehicles, energy conservation and environmental protection, high-end equipment manufacturing, and scientific research institutions, enterprises and institutions in the fields of electric power, aerospace, information and transportation.

20 1 1 the first batch 14 colleges and universities were approved to offer the specialty of "new energy materials and devices". North China Electric Power University, Southeast University, Hefei University of Technology, Central South University, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan University, changchun university of science and technology, Suzhou University, Anhui University, Nanchang University, Xiangtan University, East China University of Science and Technology, Three Gorges University, South China Normal University, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu University of Technology, etc.

7. New energy science and engineering

This major is a new major of 20 1 1, which mainly studies the types and characteristics of new energy, the ways and methods of utilization, the application status and the future development trend. The specific content involves solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, nuclear energy, fossil energy and so on.

China's colleges and universities still lag behind developed countries in setting up new energy majors and training professionals. In recent years, only a dozen universities in China have added nuclear energy-related majors, such as Harbin Institute of Technology and Harbin Engineering University, which have opened nuclear physics, nuclear engineering and nuclear technology, nuclear reactor engineering and other majors. Nearly ten universities, such as North China Electric Power University, Hohai University and Changsha University of Science and Technology, have set up wind energy and power engineering majors. Several universities, such as Shandong Jianzhu University and Nanchang University, have set up specialties such as solar building integration and photovoltaic materials. There are no universities with biomass-related majors in China. On the basis of the original majors such as thermal energy and power engineering, most colleges and universities have added some elective courses related to new energy as a supplement to their knowledge in the field of new energy, or changed their professional names. Other institutions offering this major include Zhejiang University, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Xi Jiaotong University, Central South University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Northeastern University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu University, Yancheng Institute of Technology and Donggang College of Huaihai Institute of Technology.

8, photoelectric information

This major trains applied talents with modern scientific consciousness, solid theoretical foundation, wide knowledge and strong innovation ability, who can engage in scientific research in optical engineering, optical communication, image and information processing, product design and manufacturing, scientific and technological development and application, operation management and other related fields, and can meet the needs of the rapid development of contemporary information society.

Optoelectronic information technology is a multidisciplinary integrated technology integrating optics, optoelectronics and microelectronics. It involves the radiation, transmission and detection of optical information, as well as the conversion, storage, processing and display of photoelectric information. Photoelectric information technology is widely used in all walks of life in national economy and national defense construction. In recent years, with the rapid development of optoelectronic information technology industry, the demand for employees and talents in enterprises is increasing year by year, so the demand for basic knowledge of optoelectronic information technology is also increasing. Photoelectric information technology promotes the development of modern information technology with its extremely fast response speed, extremely wide bandwidth, huge information capacity and extremely high information efficiency and resolution, thus increasing the market share of photoelectric information industry year by year.

Tsinghua University, Beihang University, Tianjin University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan University, Hefei University of Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, harbin university of science and technology, Yunnan University, changchun university of science and technology, Xi 'an Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, north university of china, Shenzhen University, Jinan University, South China Normal University, Xi University of Technology, Changshu Institute of Technology, Shanghai Electric Power Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Anhui Engineering University, Hangzhou Dianzi University, China Ji Liang University, Nanchang University of Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Shandong Normal University, Changsha University, Zijin College of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Haibin College of Beijing Jiaotong University, etc.

9. Marine science

According to their major, graduates majoring in marine science are suitable for research in marine resources investigation and development, environmental protection, aquaculture, marine affairs management, new marine technology, marine scientific research departments and environmental protection departments; Chemical experiments and chemical research in chemical industry, petroleum, geology, aquatic products and transportation departments; Investigation and research on marine sediments, marine structures and minerals, coastal dynamic landforms, estuaries, coastal zones and marine geology; Comprehensive interpretation of geological exploration data in petroliferous basins; Engineering geological exploration of estuaries, coastal zones and marine environment, marine survey and forecast work of meteorological bureau, oceanic administration system, transportation, military and other departments, and environmental assessment work of environmental protection departments; To provide analysis and research work of marine hydrological data for the design and installation of offshore oil platforms for the petroleum sector; Investigation, resource development and utilization of biological essence in harbor, estuary, offshore, shallow sea and deep sea: you can engage in scientific and technological information work related to general biology, general oceanography and marine biology; Can engage in biological research related to marine agriculture, animal husbandry and aquaculture; Can be engaged in comprehensive utilization of salt field and salt lake and biological work of salt field; You can also engage in scientific research, teaching, technology development and management. The key areas of employment are marine transportation, marine fishery, marine oil and gas industry, coastal tourism, seawater utilization, marine pharmacy, marine health care product development, sea salt and salinization industry, marine service industry, marine energy power generation, seawater chemical element extraction, marine mining industry and emerging marine space utilization. Oceanography is a very extensive industry, with a wide range of employment fields, which requires multidisciplinary talents. As a graduate of marine science, I have certain professional advantages. At the same time, the employment fields of marine science graduates can also cover many other industries, such as atmospheric science, geological exploration, meteorological work, general biology teaching in related schools, electronic technology industry and so on. Because marine science itself is a very extensive discipline.

China Ocean University, Peking University Department of Atmospheric and Marine Sciences, Xiamen University, Hohai University, Hebei University of Technology, Hainan University, Dalian Maritime University, Zhejiang Ocean University, etc.

10, environmental engineering/environmental science

Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of general chemistry, engineering mechanics, surveying, engineering drawing, microbiology, hydraulics, electrotechnics, environmental monitoring and environmental engineering. I have received training in foreign languages, computer technology and cartography, pollutant monitoring and analysis, engineering design, management and planning, and have the basic ability of scientific research, engineering design and management planning in environmental science and technology, water supply and drainage engineering and other fields.

This major trains advanced environmental engineering technology with knowledge and strong professional practical skills in water, gas, sound, solid waste pollution prevention and control, water supply and drainage engineering, urban pollution control planning and water resources protection, and has innovative thinking ability. It can engage in planning, design, construction, management, education and research and development in government departments, planning departments, economic management departments, environmental protection departments, design units, industrial and mining enterprises, scientific research units and schools.

In recent years, with the enhancement of environmental awareness in China, the demand for environmental protection talents has been increasing, and the number of colleges offering this major has increased rapidly from about 130 in 2006 to more than 200. There are universities of science and engineering at all levels and comprehensive universities. At present, the representative universities in China are Tsinghua University, Tongji University, Wuhan University, Xiamen University, China Geo University (Wuhan, Beijing) and Huazhong University of Science and Technology.

1 1, jewelry design and processing

Professional characteristics and employment direction are no longer introduced. There are not many colleges and universities offering this major. Early and mature institutions include China Geo University (Wuhan), China Geo University (Beijing), Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yanbian University, Guilin University of Technology and changchun university of science and technology.