The answer to the winter vacation exercise book of Grade One (Grade Seven) in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province

1, the enfeoffment system, also known as the founding system, is that the Zhou royal family gave the land together with the people on it to the princes and established a sub-state to defend the Zhou royal family. The people who were sealed were mainly relatives, heroes and the aristocrats of the previous generation. The relationship between the feudal state and the royal family in the Western Zhou Dynasty was closer than that in the Shang Dynasty, and the relationship between ministers and vassals was more clear, and the ruling effect was strengthened.

The enfeoffment system made the aristocratic ruling group in the Western Zhou Dynasty form a hierarchical sequence of "king of Zhou-vassal-Qing, doctor-scholar", which consolidated the rule, but it did not solve the contradiction between nobles in power, property and land inheritance. In order to solve the contradiction, the Western Zhou Dynasty also implemented the system of combining enfeoffment with patriarchal clan system.

2. Seven Heroes of the Warring States: Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin.

3. Burning books to pit Confucianism: Burning books to pit Confucianism occurred in the Qin Dynasty in ancient China. In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang (2 13 BC), the senior officials of the imperial court simply opposed the "county system" implemented at that time and demanded that the children be enfeoffed according to the ancient system. Li Si, the prime minister, refuted it and advocated that "Confucian scholars" (scholars) should be prohibited from slandering state affairs with private studies. Qin Shihuang adopted Reese's suggestion, ordered the burning of historical records of other countries except Ji Qin, and also handed over and burned poems and books that did not belong to the doctor's museum within a time limit; Some people dare to talk about the implementation of poems and books, praise the past, and talk about the genocide of current policies; Private schools are forbidden, and those who want to study law should take officials as teachers. This measure has aroused the dissatisfaction of many scholars. The following year, many alchemists and Confucian scholars attacked Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang sent people to investigate and buried more than 460 alchemists and Confucian scholars alive. Historically, these things have been called "burning books to bury Confucianism".

4. Zhaojun went to the fortress: When Xuan Di was in power, the Han Dynasty was strong for a while. At that time, the power of Xiongnu declined more and more, because the nobles fought for power and profit. Later, the Huns split up, and the five Khan separated and attacked each other endlessly.

One of them, Khan named Hu, was defeated by his brother Khan, causing numerous casualties. After discussing with Hu He, he decided to mend fences with the Han Dynasty and personally took the minister to see the emperor.

Hu is the first Khan in the Central Plains. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu, treated him like a distinguished guest, and personally greeted him on the outskirts of Chang 'an and held a grand banquet for him. Uhaanyehe lived in Chang 'an for more than a month. He asked Emperor Xuan Di to help him go back. Xuan Di agreed, and sent two generals to lead ten thousand cavalry to escort him to Monan. At that time, the Huns were short of food, and the Han Dynasty also sent 34,000 tons of food.

Uhaanyehe was very grateful and made up with the Han Dynasty. Hearing that the Huns and the Han Dynasty were reconciled, countries in the western regions rushed to deal with the Han Dynasty. After the death of Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di, his son Liu ascended the throne as Emperor of the Han Dynasty. In a few years, the branch of Hun Khan invaded the western countries and killed the envoys sent by the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty sent troops to Kangzhou, defeated and killed Zhikhan.

When Zhikhan dies, his position will be stable. In 33 BC, Uhaanyehe went to Chang 'an again and asked to be close to the Han Dynasty. Emperor Han Yuan agreed.

In the past, both Han Dynasty and Xiongnu and their relatives had to choose a princess or the daughter of an imperial clan. This time, Emperor Han Yuan decided to choose a maid-in-waiting for him. He ordered someone to send a message to the harem: "Whoever wants to go to Xiongnu, the emperor will treat her as a princess."

The ladies in the harem are all selected from the people. As soon as they enter the palace, they are like caged birds, hoping to let them out of the palace one day. But I heard that I would leave my country to go to Xiongnu, but I didn't want to.

There was a maid-in-waiting named Wang Qiang, also called Wang Zhaojun, who was very beautiful and knowledgeable. For her life, she resolutely signed up and volunteered to kiss the Huns.

The minister in charge is worried that no one will apply. He heard that Wang Zhaojun was willing to go, so he reported her name to Emperor Han Yuan. Emperor Han Yuan ordered ministers to choose a wedding day for Uhaanyehe and Wang Zhaojun in Chang 'an.

It goes without saying that Uhaanyehe is very happy and grateful to marry such a beautiful young wife. When Uhaanyehe and Wang Zhaojun thanked Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty saw that Zhaojun was beautiful and generous, and some of them were reluctant to part with him. He wanted to keep Wang Zhaojun, but it was too late.

Legend has it that when Emperor Han Yuan returned to the Inner Palace, the more he thought about it, the more annoyed he became. He had the portrait of Zhao Jun taken from the portrait of the maid-in-waiting. Although it looks a bit like it, it is not as cute as Zhao Jun himself.

It turns out that ladies-in-waiting usually don't see the emperor after entering the palace, but painters draw portraits and give them to the emperor for selection. There is a painter named Mao Yanshou. When he painted the portrait of the maid-in-waiting, the maid-in-waiting gave him some gifts, and he painted it beautifully. Wang Zhaojun didn't want to give gifts, so Mao Yanshou didn't describe Wang Zhaojun's beauty truthfully. Emperor Han Yuan was very angry and killed Mao Yanshou.

Wang Zhaojun left Chang 'an under the escort of Han and Xiongnu officials. Riding a horse and braving the biting wind, she came all the way to Xiongnu and became the E Shi of Uhaanyehe. After a long time, she gradually got used to life and got along well with Xiongnu. Huns all like and respect her.

Wang Zhaojun lived in Xiongnu for a long time, far from his hometown. She advised Uhaanyehe not to wage war, and passed on the Central Plains culture to the Huns. After that, the Huns and the Han Dynasty lived in harmony, and there was no war for more than 60 years.

Shortly after Wang Zhaojun left Chang 'an, Emperor Han Yuan died, and his son Liu Ao ascended the throne and became Emperor Han.

5. Reform of Emperor Xiaowen: During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty, his grandmother Feng Taihou came to power, during which a series of system reforms were carried out.

In October of the fifth year (4,865,438+0), Wei Zhongshu enacted the new law today, which consists of 832 chapters, 65,438+06 chapters of porter punishment, 235 chapters of the founding of the People's Republic of China and 377 chapters of miscellaneous punishment.

Sacrifice seven temples with ancient buildings.

According to the old practice of the first dynasty, the sacrifices of the seven halls were not paid in person. In November of the sixth year of Taihe (482), Emperor Xiaowen wanted to worship his relatives and ordered a company to equip the seven halls with sacrificial wardens, costumes and music according to the ancient king's ritual system.

Luban method

Wei Chu officials have no money, and they live by plunder and corruption, which has caused many disadvantages. In June of the eighth year of Taihe (484), Wei implemented the law, and each household added three silks and nine buckets of grain as a lawsuit salary. Add two foreign silk. After the salary is awarded to the officials, all those who take bribes with horses will be put to death. In September of the same year, Qin Yi assassinated Li Hongzhi as a consort and became the first official to be investigated for accepting bribes after Lu Ban. Lord Wei ordered him to be locked in Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi Province), summoned hundreds of officials to personally count the crimes, and because he was a court minister, he was allowed to commit suicide at home. More than 40 other corrupt officials were executed. Manchu officials were very strict and did not dare to accept bribes or bend the law.

Three systems and rent modulation

When the Northern Wei Dynasty first entered the Central Plains, there was no township party law, and the system of supervision and protection by the patriarch was implemented. Many fake accounts were concealed, often with 30 to 50 households. In February of the 10th year of Taihe (486), Li Chong, the Minister of the Interior, proposed to implement the "three-length law", which was supported by Feng Taihou, so he established the "three-length system" and fixed the household registration, stipulating that five households are neighbors and one household is the head; Five neighbors are inside, a mile long; Wuli is a party with a leader. The duties of the three commanders are to check the household registration, collect rent and pay military service. It also stipulates that polls are monogamous, and a silk horse and two millet stones are handed over to the state every year. /kloc-4 unmarried men and women over 0/5 years old, 8 handmaiden engaged in farming and weaving, or 20 cattle, rented by monogamy respectively. After the implementation of the "three-long system", the number of couples who bear the national taxes and tariffs increased, the national income increased, the burden on the people was reduced, and the whole country was stable.

Fixed service color

In the tenth year of Taihe (486), on the first day of the first month, Emperor Xiaowen went to court and took the crown. In April, the official uniforms of Zhu, Zi, Fei, Qing and Qing (the clothes of the imperial court) were formulated. In August, it was given to Shangshu, Zhu Yi, Yu Pei and the big group.

In November of the tenth year (486), Wei agreed that officials who were close to the people should be paid according to the number of households they received.

In the first month of the 11th year of Taihe (487), Wei Zhu ordered to repair the movement, except those who were indecent.

6. Cai Hou paper: paper for painting and calligraphy. Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty (? -12 1) Summarize the experience of folk papermaking since the Western Han Dynasty, popularize it, and gradually replace bamboo slips and wooden slips with mass-produced paper as writing materials. Cai Lun, whose name is Zhong Jing, was born in Guiyang (now Chenzhou, Hunan). He is Shang Fangling, who is responsible for making imperial vessels. His name is Long Tinghou. "Biography of Cai Lun" in the later Han Dynasty: "Bamboo slips have been compiled since ancient times, and those who use silks call them paper, which is expensive and simple, and inconvenient for people. Lenny is going to use bark, hemp head, our cloth and fishing net as paper. In the first year of Yuanxing, the emperor was good at it. It is natural, so it is called' Cai Hou Paper'. "

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According to network collection