How to be an astronaut

The Long March helps astronauts "go into the earth", the Shenzhou is equipped with an experimental cabin "Ask Heaven", and the Tianzhou is equipped with "Patrol the sky" and "Dream to the sky".

202111:23 On April 29th, the "Long March" 5B carrier rocket was successfully launched at Wenchang Space Launch Site with China's first space station core module "Tianhe"!

Being an astronaut is exciting for anyone who likes designing and manufacturing technology, because this job involves testing the limits of technology.

199 1 It has been 30 years since the manned spaceflight project, and China's own space station is coming!

The on-orbit construction of China Space Station will be completed around 2022, and a national space laboratory with stable operation in orbit will be built. Cargo replenishment, manned flight and other tasks will be implemented one after another. Under the background that the International Space Station will be retired in 2024, China Space Station will probably become the only on-orbit space station in the world, and China astronauts will also play a more important role and shoulder more responsibilities.

If you dream of exploring distant places, nothing is more interesting than becoming an astronaut and traveling in space.

As Colonel Mike Mullan, a retired astronaut and author of "Riding on a Rocket: Anecdotes of Space Shuttle Astronauts", said: "It is an irresistible experience to escape from the Earth's orbit and see the Earth from a distance. This feeling is hard to describe with an adjective. "

/kloc-at the age of 0/2, the astronaut watched the launch of "artificial satellite". At that time, he decided to devote himself to the aerospace industry and strive to become an astronaut. He said: "I have devoted my life", and aspiring astronauts must be "tenacious".

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The cruel elimination and selection of astronauts

Mike, an inductee of the International Space Hall of Fame? Mike Mullane pointed out that many people are as qualified as him to be an astronaut, but he got the job and others didn't.

He said, "If you are an astronaut, you must thank a lucky factor for bringing you there." The last time NASA issued an astronaut work announcement was in 2020. During the application period of March 2nd to 3rd1,the agency received more than 12000 applications. The selected astronaut class began training in summer. In the application cycle of 2020, NASA received the second highest number of astronaut applications in history, only after the last application cycle, when there were 18300 applications.

This is a lonely job. Comparing the number of applications received in 2020 with the application cycle of the previous year, the application cycle in 2020 is only half that of 20 19, and the academic requirements of 20021will be more stringent.

Leland Melvin, a retired NASA astronaut who was elected to the NFL Hall of Fame, frankly admitted that some astronauts have been selected by NASA for a long time. He only applied for the astronaut program once, but some people applied for it many times before they were selected.

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Basic requirements of astronauts

The former astronaut said that refusing to give up is a necessary quality to become an astronaut. Some astronauts even admitted that he went into space after overcoming claustrophobia and acrophobia. In addition to psychological quality and psychological quality, there are some hard conditions.

It is also very important for future astronauts to get a postgraduate degree in a technical academic discipline, because the astronaut team must be able to solve the technical problems on the spacecraft together. A former astronaut is a part-time teacher in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tanton School of Engineering, new york University.

The NASA website lists the minimum qualification requirements for astronauts. To be an astronaut, you must get a master's degree in biological science, physical science, computer science, engineering or mathematics.

If you want to replace the master's degree, candidates can get a medical degree, complete a pilot project in a nationally recognized pilot school, or have a two-year doctoral career in science, technology, engineering or mathematics.

For example, former astronaut Melvin received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Richmond, Virginia, and a master's degree in materials science and engineering from the University of Virginia.

Mike Mullan received a bachelor's degree in military engineering from West Point Military Academy in new york and a master's degree in aviation engineering from the United States Air Force Institute of Technology in Ohio. He also graduated from the Air Force Flight Test Engineer School.

Technology and education alone are not enough to qualify as astronauts. In addition to education, an experienced astronaut needs two years of relevant work experience or 1000 hours of flight time to become the captain of a jet plane. In addition, you must pass the physical examination and the survival test and training in various extreme environments (such as desert and extreme cold).

The former astronaut said that there is a good reason to try to enter this highly competitive profession, because the required qualifications can be used in many other ideal positions, including research scientist positions and engineer positions.

You should choose your major that interests you. This can ensure that no matter what path you take in your final career (whether you want to be an astronaut or not), you can gain excellent basic ability to try other great things on the way to becoming an astronaut.

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What are astronauts doing in space and on earth?

Astronauts play a key role in scientific research of NASA.

A related email wrote: "Our job is to build lunar rover and spacecraft with people all over the world, live safely in space environment and explore the universe." Astronauts do cutting-edge biological and material research, save life on the earth, observe the earth and monitor the changes when we fly around the earth every 90 minutes. "

A former astronaut said that they had been working closely with their colleagues during their time as astronauts. They point out that team spirit is crucial for anyone who wants to get this position, because NASA will stop arrogant job seekers. Humility to realize what you don't know is also crucial to this job, as is the ability to learn new skills quickly.

Charles Kamada, a former astronaut, said that one of the most exciting aspects of becoming an astronaut is to practice some space technologies designed in the laboratory. "We rarely experience how this is used and tested in space, so for me, this is an engineer's dream," said Kamada, a research engineer with bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees.

Kamada also said that becoming an astronaut is exciting for anyone who likes designing and manufacturing technology, because this work involves testing the limits of what technology can do. Kamada served as a senior innovation consultant at NASA. He pointed out that extreme environment forced engineers to be creative. The lack of gravity in outer space poses a major challenge to carrying out daily tasks.

According to NASA, the work of astronauts is not limited to their time in space. According to the website of NASA, when astronauts are not performing tasks or training for them, they need to do a lot of work on the ground to support the design, preparation, training and flight of space missions. "

Stephanie Silholtz, an official in the human exploration and action department of NASA, said that preparing and resuming the mission is a time-consuming and endurance-testing process.

"On Earth, astronauts attend training to ensure their proficiency in business," she explained in an email. Usually, astronauts will spend several years training for a mission, then stay on the International Space Station for about six months in a mission, and then spend time repairing it. "

The daily task of astronauts in space missions is to carry out scientific experiments. "The space station is an orbiting laboratory, and astronauts usually complete or support 250 different research surveys during a six-month mission," a former astronaut said in an interview.

Write it at the end

Astronaut candidates will be trained and evaluated for about two years. During this period, they will participate in the basic astronaut candidate training program, which aims to cultivate the knowledge and skills needed to choose to participate in the official mission training during flight.

Astronaut candidates must also pass the swimming test and then pass the diving certification to prepare for the spacewalk training. According to Schierholz, the salary of American astronauts is GS- 13 or GS- 14. This means that the annual salary ranges from 104898 to161141. The exact salary of an astronaut depends on his or her qualifications and experience.

Excluding these factors, you must have the courage to choose this career path. Living in space is not without risks. Manned spaceflight is risky. Spacewalk is one of the most dangerous activities for astronauts in carrying out their tasks.

Kamada said, "Astronauts often drive automatically. It would be wrong if I had to come up with some creative ways to motivate people to become astronauts. These people won't get the job. They must get inspiration from the heart. "

Astronauts are the kind who are bolder and more eager to pursue and realize their ambitions when others tell them that some things are impossible.

I hope more people like this will come out of our land in China.