Geographical knowledge about Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province

Hanzhong City-Hanzhong Overview Hanzhong is located in the southwest of Shaanxi Province, with Qinling Mountains in the north and Bashan Mountain in the south, adjacent to Gansu and Sichuan, and a basin in the middle. Hanjiang River, one of the four major rivers called "Jianghuai Hehan" in ancient China, flows through Hanzhong, Ankang and Jingxiang, joins the Yangtze River and becomes the longest and largest tributary of the Yangtze River. The city governs Hantai, Nanzheng, Chenggu, Mianxian, Yangxian, Xixiang, Ningqiang, Lueyang, Zhenba, Liuba and Foping, with a total population of 3.73 million. The city covers a total area of 27,200 square kilometers, of which 6% are basins, 36% are shallow hills and 58% are middle and high mountains.

Since ancient times, it has been one of the main materials and information distribution centers connecting northwest, southwest and southeast and radiating Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Hubei. Hanzhong has beautiful scenery. The climate is mild and humid, with an annual average temperature of 14.3℃ and rainfall of 87 1.8. Known as the "Little Jiangnan" and "Golden Ouyue Basin" in the northwest. 1996, the State Council approved the withdrawal of land to change the city.

Hanzhong is rich in resources, and the five resources of biology, minerals, hydropower, tourism and military industry still have a certain position in the province and even the whole country, with great potential for economic development.

Rich in biological resources. Known as "the best ecological environment in the same latitude of the earth". It has formed the characteristics of plant growth in the north and south and the diversity of biological population, and is known as the "treasure house of biological resources" and "gene bank of natural species". The ecological environment is good, the forest coverage rate is 5 1.2%, the vegetation coverage rate is 56%, the forest land area ranks first in the province and second in the west, the standing stock is 878 1 10,000 cubic meters, and 5 million mu of grassland can be used. There is no idle grass in Qinba, and there are more than 300 kinds of medicinal plants/kloc-0, ranking second at the prefecture (city) level in China. Eucommia ulmoides Oliv Gastrodia elata, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Cortex Phellodendri and Rhizoma Corydalis account for more than 50% of the national output, and are important production bases in China. There are more than 280 kinds of wild animals, among which giant panda, crested ibis, golden monkey and takin are listed as 42 kinds of rare animals under national and provincial protection, especially crested ibis, a world bird unique to Hanzhong, which has been bred to more than 260.

Rich in mineral resources. Among the 90 kinds of minerals discovered in Hanzhong, there are more than 60 kinds of proven reserves, and 35 kinds of medium and above scale, with potential economic value of about 654.38+056.8 billion yuan. The "Golden Triangle" at the junction of Lueyang, Mianxian and Ningqiang counties in China is praised by Mr. Li Siguang as "Urals of China" and is one of the five gold production bases in China. Mineral reserves such as iron, manganese, nickel, titanium, zinc, phosphorus, serpentine, marble, gypsum and asbestos. It ranks in the forefront of the province and has great development value.

Water energy resources are abundant. Jialing River and Hanjiang River are two major water systems and the first-class tributaries of the Yangtze River. There are more than 500 tributaries, and there are 13 tributaries with a basin area of more than 500 square kilometers. The city's surface runoff is 210.70 billion cubic meters, and the comprehensive groundwater recharge is 310.70 billion cubic meters, accounting for one third of the province's water. The reserve of hydropower resources is 2.6 million kilowatts, and the exploitable amount is 870,000 kilowatts. It is one of the areas with the richest water resources in the northwest of China.

There are many tourist resources. Hanzhong is a famous historical and cultural city in China. Hanzhong is the birthplace of Chinese culture and a famous historical and cultural city in China. As early as 400 BC, there was a county in Hanzhong, which has a history of more than 2400 years. Famous historical and cultural sites include Guhantai, Baijiangtan, Sean Temple, Cailun Tomb, Wuhou Tomb, the sloping plank road of the old castle, Shisanpin, cliff stone carvings of Lingya Temple, etc. It is a tourist hotline of the Three Kingdoms of Han Dynasty, in which Wuhou Tomb, Baixie Road Shimen and its stone carvings are listed as national cultural relics protection units, and 18 is listed as provincial cultural relics protection units. There are seven provincial-level scenic spots such as Nanhu Lake, Hongsi Lake, Nanshahe River, Tiantai Mountain and Wuzhishan. Hanzhong is also a part of Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base, where Li Xiannian, Xu, Xu Haidong and other proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation once lived and fought.

Edit this paragraph back to the directory Hanzhong-administrative divisions

Area code: 09 16 Postal code: 723000 Population: 5 10000.

Location: Located in the south of Shaanxi Province.

Division: Division: It has jurisdiction over Hantai District, Nanzheng County, Chenggu County, Yangxian County, Xixiang County, Mianxian County, ningqiang county, Lueyang County, zhenba county, Liuba County and Foping County.

Hanzhong covers an area of 27,246 square kilometers and has a population of 3.74 million (2004).

Hantai District covers an area of 556 square kilometers and has a population of 530,000. The postal code is 723000. Zhongshan block people's government.

Nanzheng county covers an area of 2,849 square kilometers and has a population of 550,000. The postal code is 723 100. County People's Government in Chengguan Town.

Chenggu County covers an area of 2,265 square kilometers with a population of 5 1 10,000. The postal code is 723200. County People's Government is located in Wang Bo Town.

Yangxian county covers an area of 3,206 square kilometers and has a population of 440,000. The postal code is 723300. Yangzhou town and county people's government.

Xixiang county covers an area of 3,204 square kilometers and has a population of 400,000. The postal code is 723500. County People's Government in Chengguan Town.

Mianxian covers an area of 2,406 square kilometers and has a population of 420,000. The postal code is 724200. Mianyang town and county people's government.

Ningqiang county covers an area of 3,243 square kilometers and has a population of 330,000. The postal code is 724400. County People's Government in Hanyuan Town.

Lueyang county covers an area of 283 1 km2 and has a population of 200,000. The postal code is 724300. County People's Government in Chengguan Town.

Zhenba county covers an area of 3,437 square kilometers and has a population of 80,000. The postal code is 723600. Jingyang town and county people's government.

Liuba County covers an area of 1970 square kilometers with a population of 50,000. The postal code is 724 100. County People's Government in Chengguan Town.

Foping County covers an area of 1.279 square kilometers and has a population of 30,000. The postal code is 723400. County People's Government in Yuanjiazhuang Town.

Edit this paragraph back to the directory Hanzhong-natural resources products and resources

Fresh water resources: fresh water reserves are 654.38+04.625 billion cubic meters.

Among them, the groundwater reserve is 365,438+75 million cubic meters.

The surface water reserves are 365,438+75 million cubic meters.

land resources

The available land area in the urban area is 52.2 square kilometers.

Among them, the planned industrial land is 7. 17 square kilometers.

Commercial land is 2.85 square kilometers,

The residential land is 16.6 square kilometers.

Agricultural land is 0.26 square kilometers,

Other land is 25.32 square kilometers.

mineral resources

Hanzhong is an important mineral resource-rich area in China, with complex geological structure and superior metallogenic conditions. At present, 92 kinds of minerals have been discovered, with nearly a thousand producing areas, 60 kinds of minerals with proven reserves and 289 mining areas. There are gold, copper, iron, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, quartzite, gypsum, fiber brucite, stone and so on, which have great prospecting potential and advantages. The city has large reserves of nonmetallic minerals, high economic value and advantages in development and utilization. At present, there are 44 kinds of minerals that have been developed and utilized, which have laid a foundation for the development of gold, nonferrous metals, steel, chemicals, building materials and non-metallic mineral industries.

Edit this paragraph back to the directory Hanzhong City-Introduction to Eight Scenes of Hanzhong "Eight Scenes of Hanzhong" are distributed in Hanzhong and Nanzheng counties. Some of these scenic spots have beautiful natural scenery; Some are famous historical sites; Some depict the lives of working people. Rich in content and beautiful in scenery, it is deeply loved by the people. Based on literature and folk customs, this paper briefly introduces the history and present situation of "Eight Scenes in Hanzhong":

(1) Night rain on the roof

Tiantai Mountain is located in the north of Hanzhong, about 70 Li away from the county seat, and it is the highest peak of the mountains around Hanzhong Basin. The trail is winding? Ring, stone steps step by step. The peak has a bird's eye view of rivers, hills and sea of clouds, so there is a "worse door". Is the mountain spring clear? Surrounded by strange peaks and rocks, the sky is picturesque and the scenery is very beautiful. Some poets in the Ming and Qing Dynasties had rich feelings, but the Qing Dynasty was rigorous. The poem "Visit Tiantai Mountain" says: "Cang Shi stands tall and steep, the dangerous road is old and new, the narrow temple turns with the peak, the monks return to the wild clouds, the hidden door of the gold shop is normally closed, and the painting wall is getting darker and darker.

It spirals from the foot of the mountain and passes through Hu Quan, Snake Cliff, Nantianmen and Wazhaiding (peak). Zhaiding Pingyuan, with an area of about nine acres, has the "Medicine King Hall" built in the Ming Dynasty, and the Gu Song Cooper before and after.

Because Tiantai Mountain is towering into the sky, it is easy to accumulate clouds, and the climate is changeable, sometimes sunny and sometimes rainy. In addition, the temperature difference between day and night is large. Whenever the temperature drops at night, the clouds condense into rain, so some people declare this natural phenomenon as "night rain on the roof" with mythical colors.

(2) Hanshan woodcut songs

Hanshan is west of the south bank of Hanshui River, about forty-five Li away from Hanzhong. The mountain road is tortuous and the stone steps are connected. According to legend, when Liu Bang was stationed in Hanzhong, he dismounted and rested here, hence the name "Ma Xie". There are Ma 'an Peak, Qingshan Gully, Yellow Lawn, Niudan Village and other places on the mountain. There are four hills, valleys, overlapping terraces and bamboo forests with beautiful scenery and picturesque scenery. There are Huanglong and Black Dragon Er Quan behind the mountain, which are important water sources in mountainous areas because of long running water and convenient irrigation.

Farmers near Hanshan Mountain, every slack season, go up the mountain in droves to get firewood, while working, singing loudly, echoing each other, asking and answering questions, which is called "folk songs". The beautiful scenery of Hanshan Mountain and the woodcutter's loud singing echoed in the valley and flowed for miles with the wind. Harmony forms a kind of natural beauty, which is the "Hanshan woodcut song" praised by poets.

However, the life of the poor peasants in the old society was not as beautiful as the poet imagined. Here, two folk songs are used to illustrate the true content of "Cold Mountain Logging Song": (1) a load of dry firewood is carried on the shoulder, (2) a load of firewood is carried on both shoulders, and the woodcutter has no firewood to burn, and it is stormy.

The landlord held a banquet in the high-rise building, blew it to the ground, and the woodcutter cut wild in front of the slope! It is raining everywhere.

(3) Longjiang xiaodu

The lower reaches of Baohe River were called Heilongjiang in ancient times. Baoshui River crosses between Longjiangpu and Changzhai Street, flows south for about five miles, and joins Hanshui River in white elephant street.

Baohe Gudu between Longjiang Pu and Changzhai Street, also known as Longjiang Du. On both sides of the ferry, sediment silted up, forming a large sandbar. Reed is everywhere, and miscellaneous trees are born. In late autumn, maple leaves are red, reeds bloom, waterfowl gather, geese fly in rows, and the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is full of reeds.

At dawn, the sky is bright and the river is foggy, and ferries full of pedestrians weave through the river, which is in harmony with the surrounding scenery immersed in the morning light, forming a beautiful picture of "crossing the Longjiang River".

(4) Shiyan, Liangshan

Liangshan, about 30 Li west of Hanzhong, is a mountain peak and rock structure formed by crustal movement of submarine sedimentary rocks, which completely preserves crustal changes and provides important specimens for geological research.

Shiyan is a fossil of brachiopod, an ancient benthic animal. Deposited on the seabed at the same time as sediments, and became sedimentary rocks under the pressure of seawater. After the crust changes, the seabed rises into land, and the land surface folds into mountains. Rocks are weathered and become sediments, and animal fossils are separated from the surrounding sediments and exposed to the ground. The common rock swallow is one of these fossils.

As far back as Paleozoic 30 million years ago, Hanzhong was still the sea of Wang Yang. Therefore, such fossils often appear in Liangshan, which is formed by submarine sedimentary rocks. In Su Dongpo's "Rain Pavilion", there is a description of "the wind wants to dance with sheep (birds) and it will rain in Shi Yanfei". "Liangshan Shiyan" has become a unique foreign body in Hanzhong. Liangshan wind and rain are also regarded as wonderful scenery.

(5) Shui Sheng ancient rules

Looking at the south of the Yangtze River from the southeast suburb of Hanzhong City, there are beautiful peaks, flowing Han River, rolling mountains and lush trees. "Ancient osmanthus in Shui Sheng" refers to five springs and a osmanthus tree distributed behind the Shui Sheng Temple and the Temple on this mountain.

Shui Sheng Temple is about 20 miles from Hanzhong. Built in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, it is backed by mountains and faces the river. The mountains are beautiful, the cypresses are towering, the mountains are full of flowers and lush grass, and the scenery is beautiful. It is a famous scenic spot in Hanzhong.

Springs are divided into five springs: Qinglong, Huanglong, Chilong, Bailong and Black Dragon. Chilongquan is in the temple, Bailongquan is on the left, and the other three springs are on the hillside behind the temple. Every spring is made up of five different colors of stones, so it seems that the spring is divided into five colors. Due to the natural change of underground "aquifer", except Bailongquan, the other four springs have already dried up.

Osmanthus fragrans is located in the atrium of the temple, which is roughly three-sided, with oblique branches on the left and dense branches and leaves. It blooms in autumn and has five petals. According to legend, it is the species value of Han Dynasty, so it is also called Han Gui, and its scientific name is Osmanthus fragrans, which belongs to a sub-tree plant of Oleaceae. Mostly produced in temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone. In temperate zone, the age of trees can reach about 1000 years if the living conditions do not change greatly. Although the stems are thick and old, the flowers are still fragrant. This osmanthus tree was planted about 500 years ago before and after the temple was built in the Ming Dynasty.

(6) East Tower and West Shadow

The East Tower, located in Jingming Temple in Dongguan outside Hanzhong, is an eleven-story square brick tower, which was built in the early Tang Dynasty. The ancient East Lake in the southeast corner of the city is said to be the place where Liu Bang drank horses when he was stationed in Hanzhong, so it is also called the horse drinking pool. The distance between the East Tower and the East Lake is about 500 meters. "Shadow of the East Tower to the West" refers to the scene where the shadow of the East Tower falls into the water surface of the East Lake.

On a clear Wan Li, or on a bright night, the shadow of the East Tower is reflected in the rippling East Lake. The level of the tower body and the decoration on the tower are clearly visible and lifelike, which complement the ancient trees, weeping willows, battlements and pavilions around the lake and their reflections in the lake. The scenery is strange and magnificent.

The Annals of Nanzheng County contains poems about the shadow of the East Lake Tower sung by poets in the early Qing Dynasty, and describes this scene in detail: "Hanyang Xiao Si Tower, Fei Ying enters the East Lake. The waves wrinkle the Buddhist shrine, and the waves are lonely. The edge of the mirror flower has really changed, and there is nothingness in the hidden moon and a long spectacle. "

In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, Hanzhong City was sparsely populated, with low buildings, especially around the East Lake, which was empty and desolate. There are no tall buildings between the tower and the lake, and people see the "East Tower and West Shadow". Later, when the house was built, the tower shadow was covered by the building. Therefore, this landscape has gradually become a legendary historical relic.

(7) Haze in Caotang

Earlier years ago, the area east of the south gate of Hanzhong was very desolate. There is an old pool, covering an area of about five or six acres. Rainwater in the streets and alleys is accumulated in the pool and is not sold all year round. The pool is very wide. Fine grass, hence the name Caotang. Caotang is surrounded by ancient willows, bamboo and Polygonum multiflorum bloom. White geese swim. In the densely populated ancient city, there is a unique scenery of Jiangnan mountain village.

On the right side of the south bank of Caotang, the old Caotang Temple. "Nanzheng County Records" quoted the inscription in the temple: "When it was built, the world was far from being tested". The temples in the temple are lofty and exquisite in structure, and they are ancient buildings condensed by the hard work and wisdom of the working people.

Every morning and evening, people nearby smoke; The pool is foggy, and the breeze blows gently, floating on the branches of bamboo willows, the roof of the temple, the flowers and plants, and the green pool. Looking at the scenery of the grass pond in the distance, such as in the light smoke and fog, this is the historical scene of "grass pond smoke"

Before liberation, the buildings of Caotang Temple had partially decayed and collapsed. The thatched cottage has been silted up for a long time, leaving only a small puddle. After liberation, the houses in the temple were repaired and used as the residence of health institutions. A large number of residential buildings have been built in Caotang area. The scenery that only feudal scholars enjoyed in those days has long since disappeared with the progress of the times.

(8) Night Shadow Monument

Today's southern suburb of Hanzhong is a vegetable field that is evergreen all the year round. But a few decades ago, it was a barren land that was left out all the year round. Especially around the sacrificial platform, there are many weeds, Artemisia, foxes and rabbits without tops, and there are many graves. The scene is very desolate.

Now standing in front of the altar, the earth-red stone tablet is carved from Liangshan sedimentary rocks, and the spots on the tablet are traces of underwater animal fossils. Judging from the shape of the stone tablet, it is similar to the "Shiyuting" stone tablet standing on the ancient Hantai, and it is about a relic of the Ming Dynasty.

This stone tablet, because it contains animal fossils and phosphorus, or because it contains certain phosphorus under the action of phosphorus ore, once shone in the dark, so it was surprisingly named "Night Shadow Monument".

Edit this paragraph back to the directory Hanzhong-Hanzhong historical event Liu Bang was named Hanwang by Xiang Yu in the first month of the first year of Han Dynasty (206 BC), and Nanzheng (now Hanzhong) was the place where Ba, Shu and Hanzhong were ruled. In April, Liu Bang led an army south to Hanzhong. Recruit talents here and set up an altar to worship Han Xin as a general; Then, according to Han Xin's plan, he built a plank road in the Ming Dynasty, secretly crossed their positions, and put down Sanqin in one fell swoop. Xiao He stayed in Hanzhong, developed agriculture and mulberry industry, and collected food from Hanzhong and Bashu for Liu Bang's military use, thus ensuring the victory with Chu.

In the second year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (19 1), Zhang Lu ruled Hanzhong with five buckets of rice, and Ada, the magistrate of Yizhou, sent Zhang Lu, the overseer, and another department to capture Hanzhong. The two paved a five-dou-meter road here. After Zhang Lu killed Zhang Xiu, Hanzhong County was changed to Hanning County, and the rule of "Five Mi Dou Roads" was established, which was a rare form of political power in the history of China. Without an official, refugees from Yifu and Guanlong moved to Hanzhong. In the 25th year of Jian 'an (2 15), Cao Cao went to Hanzhong to levy Zhang Lu and Zhang Lu surrendered.

In the 23rd year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 18), Liu Bei led the troops to capture Hanzhong. In July of the following year, Liu Bei set up an altar in Mianyang (now Mianxian) and established himself as the king of Hanzhong.

Zhuge Liang, according to the five-year plan of attacking Wei, Shu and Han in Hanzhong (227), the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang set out for Hanzhong according to the Canon, and based on this place, encouraged scholars to stop farming and created a wooden cow and a flowing horse. In eight years, he sent troops to attack Wei six times (known as "six out of Qishan" in history). However, his ambition failed, he died in Wuzhangyuan and was buried in Dingjun Mountain in Mianxian County.

Jiang Wei occupied Hanzhong and Longnan, and later attacked Wei. Jiang Wei inherited Zhuge Liang's legacy and managed Hanzhong and Longnan. After nine expeditions to Cao Wei, they won and lost each other. In the Han dynasty, Jiang practiced "gathering troops and gathering valleys" to guard against the enemy, but eventually failed because of political failure.

Tea-Horse Exchange Hanzhong has been rich in tea since the Tang Dynasty, and the northwest ethnic minorities often exchange horses for "Shannan Tea". In the Northern Song Dynasty, private buying and selling of tea was forbidden. During the reign of Zongshen, the "tea-horse law" was implemented, and a large number of tea leaves were purchased and transported to the northwest to change horses. Tea produced in Hanzhong area has attracted much attention because of its high quality, large output and short transportation distance. In the tenth year of Xizong (1068), Tea and Horse Department was specially appointed to buy tea in Hanzhong and transport it to Xihe (now Lintao, Gansu) to change horses. Until the acyl group is cleared? What happened to the Brown threat? A plaque? Poor dental caries? Brown threat? A plaque? Are you jealous of Hangzhou? Am I brave? The official office that examines and issues certificates has special tea horse suggestions to perform its duties.

According to Zhou Xing, Shi Bin, the general of Sung River Peasant Uprising Army in the Northern Song Dynasty, led the rest to conquer Zhou Xing (now Lueyang County) in July of the first year of Jianyan (1 127) and proclaimed himself emperor. After entering Hanzhong, it is impossible to attack the city; Soldiers entered Guanzhong again and occupied Chang 'an. The following winter, he was captured and killed by Song Jun.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Jun and Wu fought with Jin and Jian Yan for four years (1 130). Jinbing crossed the Qinling Mountains in the south and wanted to attack Hanzhong and enter Bashu in the south. Wu Jun and Wu Lin, famous gold fighters, were stationed in Lueyang and Fengxian, north of Hanzhong. They were stationed in 1 130 10,10/32 in winter, 1 133 65438. Three generations of Wu kept Hanzhong for more than 80 years and half of the Southern Song Dynasty, so that Jin people could not go south to spy on Shu.

Lu You worked in Hanzhong Southern Song Avenue for eight years (1 172). Lu You was the ambassador of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Fu Xuan to Wang Yan's shogunate. He advocated the war of resistance and went deep into the Qinling Mountains to inspect the military situation. He once assassinated the tiger in Hanzhong, the front line of anti-Jin, and wrote a lot of patriotic poems against Jin.

In May of the first year of Li Lanyi's entry into Hanzhong (1862), the peasant uprising army and Lan Dashun in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province, led by Lan, entered Hanzhong from Sichuan and successively captured Zhenba, Xixiang and Yangxian. In Yangxian county, they announced the abolition of the Qing Dynasty, established the peasant regime, promoted Lan Dashun as a "big man showing the king", and engraved decrees. In June, the situation of siege and dam building was grim; In September, captured Foping Hall; In October, the city was broken, Nanzheng was attacked, and Ningshan was attacked. The following year, together with the Western Expedition Army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, they besieged Hanzhong County and captured the county seat. Tongzhi retired from Hanzhong in the spring of three years.

In February (1863), the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom helped Decai, Duan Wang Lan, Lai and Qi Chengfu, and the commander-in-chief Ma Rong led troops from Ankang to Hanzhong, surrounded Hanzhong, and the Qing court sent troops to attack. In August, the insurgents captured Hanzhong Fucheng. In the first month of the following year, the main force of the insurgents moved eastward, withdrew from Hanzhong and returned to Tianjing.

/kloc-in the winter of 0/932, the Red Army opened up the Soviet area in southern Shaanxi. Under the leadership of Xu and others, the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army entered northern Sichuan through Hanzhong and established the Sichuan-Shaanxi revolutionary base area. 1933 to 1935, county-level red regimes were established in Nanzheng, Zhenba, Ningqiang, Mianxian and other places-Shannan County, Chibei County, Nanzheng County, ningqiang county and some district, township and village Soviet regimes; At the same time, the red traffic line from Hanzhong to northern Sichuan was opened, which transported a lot of information, medicine and materials for the Red Army and effectively supported the fighting in the revolutionary base areas.

Red Army Campaign in Southern Shaanxi1February 3, 935, the Red Fourth Front Army launched the campaign in southern Shaanxi, concentrating on the main force, the 4th Army, the 9th Army, the 30th Army, the 3rd/KLOC-0 Army, the training team and the guerrillas * * * about 30,000 people stormed Hanzhong and attacked the enemies of Chenggu, Mianxian and Baocheng. On the 22nd, the Red Army voluntarily withdrew from its position and returned to northern Sichuan on the orders of the headquarters of the Red Fourth Army.

Northwest United University 1937 moved to Xi 'an, and Beiping University, Beiping Normal University and Beiyang Institute of Technology moved to Xi 'an on September 10 to form Xi 'an Temporary University. At the beginning of 1938, the Japanese invaders approached Tongguan, and Xi 'an was bombed by Japanese planes, so An Temporary University moved to Hanzhong and changed its name to National Northwest United University. The headquarters is located in Chenggu County, and it is divided into six colleges: the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Education and the School of Law and Business are located in Chenggu County, the Institute of Technology is located in Guluba Catholic Church in Chenggu County, the Medical College is located in Huangjiapo, Nanzheng County, and the Agricultural College is located in Wuhou Temple, Mianxian County. In July, Engineering College and Agricultural College were established independently. In August, the United University was divided into Northwest University, Northwest Normal University and Northwest Medical College, and it was still located at the original site. Northwest Institute of Technology (formed by the merger of former Beiyang Institute of Technology, Beiping University Institute of Technology, Northeastern University Institute of Technology and Jiaozuo Institute of Technology) is still located in Guba Road, Chenggu County. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Hanzhong became one of the three major cultural and educational centers in China, with scholars, experts and celebrities gathered at home and abroad, because the above-mentioned institutions of higher learning and some secondary specialized schools, ordinary middle schools and military and political organs in North China and Xi moved to Hanzhong. 1944, Northwest Normal University moved to Lanzhou; 1946 Northwest University moved to Xi 'an, Northwest Agricultural College moved to Wugong County, Shaanxi Province, and Northwest Institute of Technology moved to Xianyang.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a large number of refugee children and orphans fled to Hanzhong in the occupied areas of North China. 1In June, 1939, the Relief Committee of the National Government set up the Northwest Children's Rehabilitation Institute in Xikou Temple in the western suburbs of Hanzhong City to adopt helpless children aged 3- 14. The establishment started with Zhicheng as the dean, and was formally established in June of 1 1. Hospitals are located in four places: Aokou Temple, Wujiashan, Huang Jiaying and Zhaozhai. In addition to the original four temples, more than 120 houses have been built; 1944 accepted Ankang Children's Correctional Institution; 65438+September 0945 was taken over by the Ministry of Social Affairs of the National Government; 1February, 1946, it was renamed as the first nursery school of Shaanxi Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. During the Anti-Japanese War, it was the largest reformatory in northwest China, which has taken in more than 3,000 children with difficulties. Many children with difficulties went to the front line of the Anti-Japanese War after graduation, or went for further study, and some later became famous scholars and experts at home and abroad. After liberation, the hospital was transformed into Hanzhong Social Welfare Institute.

The establishment of Jiao Shan International Radio Station 1939 was fierce in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The National Government established a large-scale international radio station in Jiao Shan Temple, Beishima Township, Hanzhong City, using the 3600 Wamakoni walkie-talkie made in Britain. 1941May was put into use, with circuits as far away as Europe, America and Nanyang. It was an important telecommunication station for China to contact its allies in World War II. Supporting projects include the central control room of Zhoujiawan in the east of the city, the reception desk of Ran Temple in Beian, Puzhen Town, and a telegraph room for private telecommunications business in Wujizhuang, the eastern suburb. 1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the international radio equipment was dismantled.

Hanzhong, chairman of the Military Commission of the National Government, is an important town in the rear area, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was the capital of Chongqing when it was founded. 1In September, 943, the Military Commission of the National Government set up a chairman's camp in Hanzhong, with Li Zongren, commander of the Fifth Theater, as the battalion commander, and under the jurisdiction of the first, fifth and tenth theaters, commanding the anti-Japanese war in Central China and Northwest China. 1944, the first theater headquarters (commander Chen Cheng) moved to Hanzhong. During this period, the branch of the Central Army Military Academy was established in Shiyan Temple in the north of the city (1938 moved from Luoyang, Henan). 1945 10 month, business operation cancelled.

Hanzhong, a famous historical city, is located between Qinling Mountains and Bashan Mountains in the south of Shaanxi Province, bordering Qinling Mountains in the north and Hanjiang River in the south, belonging to the upper reaches of the Han River. It borders Chenggu County in the east, Hanjiang River and Nanzheng County in the south, Mianxian County in the west and Liuba in the north. It is 37 kilometers long from north to south and 22 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 538 square kilometers. The terrain is low in the south and high in the north, followed by plains, hills and mountains. The southern plain is a part of Hanzhong basin plain, accounting for two-thirds of the city's total area, with an altitude of about 500 to 700 meters. The hills and mountains in the north account for one third of the total area of the city.

Hanzhong basin is the largest basin in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River. It starts from Wuhou Town, Mianxian County in the west and reaches the postal kiosk shop in Yangxian County in the east. It is about 1 16 kilometers long and 5 to 25 kilometers wide. It is a terrace plain alluvial by the Han River and its tributaries. Hanzhong City is located in the middle of Hanzhong Basin Plain. Due to the blocking effect of south latitude and Qinling Mountains on the cold wave. The temperature here is high and the winter is mild. It is a part of the north subtropical zone in China and one of the areas with rich hydrothermal conditions in Shaanxi Province. Geographical landscape and people's production and living habits have obvious southern characteristics, which is called "Little Jiangnan" in Shaanxi. Since the Han Dynasty, it has been the largest agricultural center and grain base in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi.