History of normal schools in eastern Sichuan

The establishment of East Sichuan Normal School is closely related to the reform of the education system in the late Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, imperial academy and the Imperial Academy were the capitals, and there were local schools at the prefecture, state and county levels. Those who have passed the examinations at all levels in this province in Shangguan, state and county schools are generally called students, that is, scholars (also known as students). In addition, there are privately-run private schools and colleges. Students usually belong to government, state and county schools. If they are chosen to study in imperial academy, the capital, they will no longer be students of the government and state schools, but will be called Gong Sheng. It means to contribute talents to the emperor.

190 1 year, the Qing government was determined to carry out reforms, that is, the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty, one of which was to reform the academic system.

1903, Cecilia Cheung, Rong Qing and Zhang Zhidong. In the educational syllabus of the school charter, the importance of normal education is emphasized, and all provinces are required to set up primary normal schools to train primary school teachers and excellent normal schools to train middle school and higher school teachers. According to the educational syllabus, elementary normal schools offer five-year complete courses and one-year simple courses in the provincial capital; In addition to offering complete courses in counties, teachers' training colleges should also be set up to meet the urgent needs. In this historic "Guimao academic system" reform, normal education has become an independent system for the first time, and it is no longer attached to other schools. In order to carry out the new educational system and train teachers, the Qing government formally established the first regular normal school, the official Chuandong Normal School, in Chongqing on March 25th, 32nd year of Guangxu reign, that is,1April 906. This is the earliest origin of what we call Southwest University today. The initiator was a Taoist priest in East Sichuan, and the initiator was Junzi Du, who was affiliated to the East Sichuan Provincial Department (at that time, Sichuan was divided into East Sichuan, South Sichuan, West Sichuan and North Sichuan). East Sichuan Province governs 36 counties, and East Sichuan Normal University is jointly established by 36 counties). The school supervisor means that the principal is Yang Lin of Tongliang. Students are selected from 36 counties under the jurisdiction of East Sichuan Road, and the number of places is divided according to the size of the counties. The maximum is 10 to 12 in large counties and 5 in small counties. Students are all at public expense.

1906 enrolled 23 students of one-year normal department for the first time, 1907 established a completely five-year normal department and affiliated primary schools. Before the Revolution of 1911, there were more than 230 graduates.

19 12 In September, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China issued the Order on Normal Education, which stated: "Normal schools are designated as provincial, and the location and number of schools are designated by the provincial chief executive, who will report to the chief education officer to set them up separately. Due to special circumstances, according to the provisions of this law, the county chief executive may establish normal schools with the approval of the chief education officer. If two or more counties jointly hold a normal school, it must also be handled in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. " Accordingly, the East Sichuan Normal School, jointly founded by 36 counties in East Sichuan, was renamed as "East Sichuan United County Normal School" in the third year of the Republic of China, namely 19 14.

The highest institution of school management is the maintenance meeting, with Yin Chuandong as the chairman, the school principal (then Tongliang Qiu) as the vice chairman, and the education administrators of 36 counties as members. 1928, the maintenance meeting was changed to the school board of directors, with Daoyin as the president.

After the Revolution of 1911, due to frequent wars, East Sichuan Normal School was often occupied by the army, and the school had to move around many times. 19 16 rented the Guanyinliang boathouse and nearby houses and moved back to the original site in the autumn of that year. 19 17 moved to the Confucius Temple in Baxian County in autumn, and 1920 moved back to the original site again. Due to the change of the old site, a new school is planned. 1930 rented Zengjiayan County in the spring. At that time, because of the war, Sichuan implemented the system of protecting zones and had many policies, so the funds for running schools could not be raised in full and on time; The headmaster changed frequently, five times in the eleventh and twelfth years of the Republic of China, and the shortest term was less than two months. In 16 years of the Republic of China, when Zhou Tianzhi was the principal, the situation was even more serious. The following week, he resigned due to financial difficulties, and another principal, Xu Tianquan, insisted on resigning due to financial difficulties in the school, and no one was responsible for the school. Union County Normal School in East Sichuan is on the verge of bankruptcy.

When East Sichuan Normal University was on the verge of despair, Liu Xiang was in charge of Chongqing. Liu once decided to close the school, so he assigned Gan Jiyong, who had just taken over from Daoyin in East Sichuan, to handle the closure. However, it was strongly opposed by teachers and students of the school and all walks of life. Gan Jiyong, who is enthusiastic about education, sized up the situation and held a maintenance meeting to discuss the preservation and abolition of the school. The meeting decided that the school should continue to deal with it, and the maintenance meeting should be reorganized into the school board of directors, with Daoyin as the president. The school board unanimously elected Gan Jiyong as the principal, and the East Sichuan Normal School kept it. After Gan Jiyong took over as principal, he raised funds, rectified payments and repaid old debts, which made the school affairs better. In the Republic of China 18, Gan Jiyong proposed to sell the old campus that was no longer applicable and find a new school. With the consent of the school board, he bought more than 7,000 abbots in Shimagang outside Tongyuanmen to build a new school building, and moved in at the end of 1930.

193 1 year 1 month, Union County Normal School in East Sichuan was ordered to change its name to "Gong Li Normal School in East Sichuan".

During his tenure as president (1928- 1935), Gan Jiyong strengthened the construction of East Sichuan Normal University, improved the rules and regulations, established a good style of study, strictly selected teachers, raised funds for running schools, improved teachers' treatment, improved teaching and living facilities, and established the Canon Scholarship, which improved the running level of East Sichuan Normal University.

1935, the Sichuan provincial government, with Liu Xiang as its chairman, was established in Chongqing, that is, it announced the abolition of the defense zone system and realized the unification of Sichuan government. Gan Jiyong was promoted to civil affairs director. On July 13 of that year, the Sichuan provincial government moved from Chongqing to Chengdu, and Gan Jiyong also went to Chengdu, no longer serving as the principal of East Sichuan Normal School, so Nie Rongzao, who graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Nanjing University, took over. During Nie's tenure as principal, the school has been further developed.

1In May 1939, during the indiscriminate bombing of Chongqing by Japanese invaders, East Sichuan Normal University moved to Tuogufen Bay, Donghai, Baisha Town, Jiangjin, and moved back to Shimagang in May 1946.

At the end of 1934 or the beginning of 1935, the East Sichuan Normal School was ordered to be changed to "East Sichuan Joint Normal School". 1940 changed its name to "Chuandong Normal School of Sichuan Province" in August.

After the liberation of Chongqing, Mao Yongru, a representative of China People's Liberation Army, took over the East Sichuan Normal School on behalf of the people's government. 1950 September 18, Chongqing Municipal People's Government issued an order to rename Sichuan Lichuan East Normal School as "Chongqing No.1 Normal School".