20 19 basic theory of medical ethics: application principles of medical ethics

In the recruitment examination of medical institutions, the written examination often examines some common medical knowledge, such as the key contents of the basic theory of medical ethics. Health Talent Network will sort out some medical ethics test sites in the written test.

(A) the principle of optimizing diagnosis and treatment

The meaning of the principle of optimization of diagnosis and treatment: it refers to the decision to obtain the maximum effect at the least cost in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, also known as the principle of scheme. The so-called minimum cost means the least harm to patients, the least pain, the least cost and the best curative effect.

The principle of narrow superiority (the field of vision is strictly limited in biomedical model) strives for curative effect; Do your best to ensure that the diagnosis and treatment are safe and harmless; Try your best to alleviate the physical and mental pain of patients.

Generalized optimization principle (definition in biology? Psychology? Social medical model) overall optimization, seeking the greatest good and the least evil.

(2) the principle of informed consent

1. The meaning of the principle of informed consent: It means that after making a diagnosis and treatment plan for a patient, the clinician must provide the patient with true and sufficient information, including diagnosis conclusion, treatment decision, disease prognosis, treatment cost, etc., especially information about the nature, function, basis, injury, risk, accident, other alternative treatment plans, their advantages and disadvantages, etc. that can not be guided before examination, so that the patient or his family members can make their own choices and make corresponding decisions. The diagnosis and treatment plan confirmed by the patient can only be finalized and implemented after the patient makes a clear commitment.

2. Subject of informed consent:/kloc-adult patients over 0/8 years old with civil capacity, their legal representatives, guardians and relatives. /kloc-Minors under the age of 0/6 may engage in civil activities appropriate to their age and intelligence.

3. The contents of informed consent: ① Informed admission; (2) inform the diagnosis process; ③ Inform the treatment process; (4) Notice of trauma operation; ⑤ Inform to change the treatment plan; ⑥ Inform clinical trial inspection and treatment; ⑦ Notice of economic expenses; Revealing the patient's private parts; Pet-name ruby involves the examination and diagnosis and treatment of patients' hidden parts, the examination and diagnosis and treatment that causes their discomfort, and the questions raised by patients.

(Informing should follow the following principles: emergency notification, adverse reaction prediction, moderate notification and orderly notification).

4. Understand the correct application of the principle of consent

Doctors should pay attention to make patients or their families fully informed and effectively agree when implementing the principle of informed consent. Doctors are fully informed, patients fully understand, and agree independently and effectively.

5. Right to informed consent and special intervention

(3) the principle of medical confidentiality

1. The meaning of the principle of medical confidentiality: it refers to requiring medical staff to keep medical secrets, that is, requiring medical staff not to disclose patients' privacy that may cause adverse medical consequences to others during medical treatment.

2. Classification and content of medical confidentiality

(1) Keep the patient confidential. Including: diagnosis and treatment information that Patient A is unwilling to disclose, such as special diseases. B physical defects that patients are unwilling to disclose. A medical history that the patient doesn't want to disclose. D personal privacy that all patients don't want the outside world to know.

(2) Keep patients confidential. The confidentiality of patients is mainly aimed at those patients with poor prognosis, dying patients with poor psychological quality, and the possible adverse effects of patients after learning about their illness.

(3) Keep medical staff secret. The mistakes made by doctors and other medical personnel in the process of diagnosis and treatment should generally not be told to patients, but they should not be concealed from higher organizations. Whether to inform patients should be decided by the organization.

3. The significance of medical confidentiality (doing good without hurting patients' trust)

The principle of confidentiality is a special requirement for medical personnel and a special implementation of the principles of doing good, beneficial, harmless and humane. The principle of confidentiality is not only a legal obligation, but also a moral obligation. It is the professional ethics of international medical circles at all times and in all countries, the need to gain the trust and cooperation of patients, and the requirement of protective medical system.

4. Ethical conditions of medical confidentiality: ① Do not harm patients' own health and life interests. (2) Do not harm the interests of others. (3) It does not harm the public interest. (4) Do not violate the existing laws.

(D) the principle of life value

The principle of life value includes three aspects:

First, respect human life, and human life and its value are supreme.

Second, respect the value of life. The value of human life is the unity of the internal value and external value of human life, and the satisfaction of human needs is the main ethical basis for the choice of medical behavior.

Third, human life is a matter of concern. If the quality of life is poor, there is no obligation to protect and preserve it.